Semaglutid (GLP-1) 20 mg

▎ Ọdịdị GLP-1

▎ Nchọpụta GLP-1

Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke GLP-1?

Mmepe nke GLP-1 sitere na nyocha nke mmetụta physiological GLP-1. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ exendin-4 na mmiri ngwere iji mepụta agonist nke nnabata GLP-1 nke ọgbọ mbụ. Iji na-agbaso nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ na-eme ogologo oge, GLP-1 mepụtara site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ nke GLP-1 peptide yinye, yana mgbakwunye nke eriri acid fatty acid iji gbasaa ọkara ndụ ya. Ka nyocha na-aga n'ihu, ikike ọ nwere na mbelata ibu na mgbochi ọrịa obi na ọgwụgwọ pụtakwara ìhè.

Kedu usoro GLP-1 si arụ ọrụ?

Usoro insulin na mmepụta glucagon: + 

Dị ka onye na-anabata GLP-1 agonist (GLP-1 RA), GLP-1 na-akpali sel β-pancreatic na-ezochi insulin ma na-egbochi α-cell ịzobe glucagon. Mgbe ị risịrị nri, mgbe ọkwa glucose ọbara na-ebili, GLP-1 na-ejikọta ya na ndị na-anabata GLP-1, na-eme ka ụzọ mgbama dị n'okpuru na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ β hapụ insulin, na-eme ka ahụ na-eri nri na iji glucose, na-ebelata ọkwa glucose ọbara. Site na igbochi secretion glucagon na ibelata mmepụta glucose imeju, ọ na-eme ka ọkwa glucose dị n'ọbara kwụsie ike. N'okpuru ọnọdụ physiological nkịtị, ahụ na-edobe ọkwa glucose ọbara kwụsiri ike site na ịhazi nguzozi n'etiti insulin na glucagon. GLP-1 na-eṅomi mmetụta nke GLP-1, na-ebuli usoro nhazi a ^[1,2].

Ọgụgụ 1 Mmetụta ọrịa shuga na oke ibu nke GLP-1 ^[3].

Mgbochi nke gluconeogenesis imeju: 

GLP-1 na-egbochi usoro gluconeogenesis imeju. Gluconeogenesis bụ ụzọ imeju na-emepụta glucose n'oge ọnụnụ ọnụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ agụụ, na-ejigide nkwụsi ike glucose ọbara mgbe ọkwa glucose dị ala. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ọrịa shuga mellitus, gluconeogenesis nwere ike ịmalite ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-eduga n'ọkwa glucose dị elu. GLP-1 na-arụ ọrụ na ụzọ mgbaàmà dị mkpa iji belata okwu ma ọ bụ ọrụ nke enzymes gluconeogenesis bụ isi, si otú a na-ebelata mmepụta glucose imeju na inye aka na njikwa glucose ọbara ^[1]..

Mmetụta na ike ọrịa shuga na agụụ: 

GLP-1 nwere mmetụta nchịkwa na ume ọrịa shuga na agụụ. Ọ na-ebelata oriri ume, nke nwere ike site n'ime usoro nhụjuanya nke etiti na-emetụta ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa agụụ, na-ebute mmetụta nke afọ ojuju na ibelata oriri. Na mgbakwunye, GLP-1 nwere mmetụta pere mpe na mmefu ike, na-enweta usoro nha nha site na mbelata ume ike, nke na-enyere aka belata ibu maka ndị ọrịa buru ibu. N'ime ule, ndị ọrịa na-eji GLP-1 na-akọkarị mbelata agụụ na mbelata ibu na-esote ^[1,4].

Usoro nwere ike ime ihe na sistemu obi: GLP-1 nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta bara uru na sistemụ obi site na ọtụtụ usoro. N'otu aka, ọ nwere ike iwetu glucose ọbara na ịdị arọ nke ahụ, si otú a na-ebelata mmebi nke nsogbu metabolic na-akpata na sistem obi. N'aka nke ọzọ, GLP-1 nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo na anụ ahụ obi, dị ka site na imeziwanye ọrụ endothelial vaskụla, ibelata nzaghachi mkpali na nrụgide oxidative, na-eme ka plaques atherosclerotic guzosie ike, na ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa obi. Nnyocha Cigrovski na-egosi na GLP-1 nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial vaskụla na nzuzo nitric oxide, kwalite vasodilation, ma chebe usoro obi obi ^[5]..

Mmetụta ozugbo na ọrụ obi: 

Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtala na nnukwu mkpughe na GLP-1 nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta inotropic siri ike na-adabere na dose na trabeculae mmadụ na-enweghị mmụba nke arrhythmias. Mmetụta a nwere ike ịpụta site na mmụba nke sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ reuptake, na-eme ka ọrụ atrial dịkwuo mma, ma na-enwe mmetụta dị mma maka enyemaka mgbaàmà na ndị ọrịa obi mgbawa. N'ime nnwale ndị metụtara ya, trabeculae atrial nke ekpughere na GLP-1 gosipụtara ike nkwekọrịta na-abawanye nke ọma na-enweghị mmụba na arrhythmias ^[6].

Kedu ihe bụ ngwa GLP-1?

Maka ụdị ọrịa shuga 2: 

A na-eji GLP-1 agwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga 2. Ma a na-enye ya ọnụ ma ọ bụ site na ntụtụ subcutaneous, ọ na-ebelata ọkwa hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) nke ọma ^[1].

Maka ọgwụgwọ oke ibu: 

GLP-1 na-egosipụta mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọgwụgwọ oke ibu. Nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ na-egosi na ndị ọrịa buru ibu na GLP-1 na-enweta oke ibu, na-esonyere mbelata okirikiri úkwù, mmụba ọbara mgbali elu, wedata ọkwa HbA1c, yana profaịlụ lipid dị mma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mbelata mkpokọta cholesterol, obere njupụta lipoprotein cholesterol, na triglycerides, yana ịba ụba lipoprotein dị elu). Mmetụta ọnwụ ya dị elu karịa nke placebos na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-efunahụ ibu, na-ezute ụkpụrụ ndị EMA na FDA setịpụrụ maka ọgwụ na-efunahụ ibu, na ịnye nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrịa buru ibu ^[1,2].

Mbelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa obi: 

Maka ndị okenye nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 na ọrịa obi amaara ama, GLP-1 nwere ike belata ohere nke ọrịa obi. Nnyocha dị ka ule SUSTAIN 6 na PIONEER 6 gosipụtara adịghị ala na nchekwa nke subcutaneous na oral GLP-1 na ahụike obi, na ule SELECT kwadoro uru ọ nwere n'ịkwalite nsonaazụ obi, na-enyere aka belata ihe ize ndụ nke ihe omume obi ^[1].

Mmetụta nchebe gbasara akụrụ: 

N'ụdị òké nke renal ischemia-reperfusion mmerụ, GLP-1 gosipụtara mmetụta nchebe gbasara akụrụ. Ọ na-ebelata ọkwa nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-egbuke egbuke dị ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) na onye na-anabata ya, interleukin-6 (IL-6), na-ebelata mmepụta F8 prostaglandin, na-abawanye ọkwa PI3K na AKT na anụ ahụ, ma na-ebelata mmerụ ahụ gbasara akụrụ, na-atụ aro na GLP-1 nwere ike ịnwe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ maka nnukwu mmerụ ahụ akụrụ ^..

Mmechi

Dị ka onye na-anabata GLP-1, GLP-1 na-achịkwa ọkwa glucose ọbara nke ọma na ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 nke ọma site na ịhazi insulin na secretion glucagon, na-egbochi gluconeogenesis imeju, na-emetụta ọrịa shuga na agụụ ike, ebe ọ na-ebelata oke ahụ na ndị buru oke ibu. Ọ nwere mmetụta nchebe nke obi, na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa obi, ma na-echebe akụrụ. Ọ nwere mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na nnukwu mmerụ ahụ akụrụ, nephropathy na-arịa ọrịa shuga, na ọrịa akụrụ ndị ọzọ.

Banyere Onye dere ya

Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.

Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị

Hegner, P. dabere na Mahadum Regensburg na Germany ma nwee ọtụtụ mmasị nyocha. Ndị a gụnyere usoro obi na akwara obi, ebe ọ na-enyocha usoro na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa obi; biochemistry na molecular bayoloji, na-elekwasị anya na ikpughe usoro mmeghachi omume biochemical na usoro nhazi; nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, na-emesi mmepe ọgwụ ike na nyocha arụmọrụ; na usoro iku ume yana ọgwụ n'ozuzu na nke ime, na-etinye uche na nyocha na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa iku ume na ọnọdụ ahụike dị n'ime. Ọ bụ ọkà mmụta nwere ihe ọ rụpụtara n'ọtụtụ ngalaba ọgwụ. Edepụtara Hegner P na ntụaka nke ntụaka [6].

▎ Okwu ndị dị mkpa

[1] Oleszczuk R, Kozińska I, Gras-Ozimek J, et al. GLP-1 maka ọgwụgwọ oke ibu [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Education, Health and Sport, 2022. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245423376.

[2] Christou GA, Katiki N, Blundell J, et al. GLP-1 dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi oke ibu na-ekwe nkwa[J]. Nlebanya oke ibu, 2019,20(6):805-815.DOI:10.1111/obr.12839.

[3] Kurthals P, Flindt Kreiner F, Singh Bindra R. Ọrụ njikwa ibu na njikwa ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus 2: Echiche na GLP-1[J]. Nnyocha ọrịa shuga na omume ụlọ ọgwụ, 2023,203.DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110881.

[4] Chao AM, Tronieri JS, Amaro A, et al. GLP-1 maka ọgwụgwọ oke ibu [J]. Ụdị na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa obi, 2023,33 (3): 159-166.DOI: 10.1016 / j.tcm.2021.12.008.

[5] Cigrovski BM, Strollo F. GLP-1-anya na-adọta nsonaazụ[J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ụwa nke ọrịa shuga, 2023,14 (4): 424-434.DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.424.

[6] Hegner P, Seitz S, Schopka S, et al. GLP-1 na-akwalite ọrụ nkwekọrịta na atrium mmadụ dịpụrụ adịpụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ obi European, 2024,45 (Mgbakwunye_1):ehae666-ehae3729.DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.3729.

[7] Tiba AT, Qassam H, Hadi N R. GLP-1 na renal ischemia-reperfusion mmerụ na ụmụ oke[J]. J Med Ndụ, 2023,16 (2):317-324.DOI:10.25122/jml-2022-0291.

Akụkọ niile na ozi ngwaahịa enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.  

Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadobeghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.