Semaglutid (GLP-1) 20mg. Di wan dɛn we de wok

▎ GLP-1 Struktrɔ

▎ GLP-1 Risach

Wetin na di risach bakgrɔn fɔ GLP-1?

di divεlכpmεnt fכ GLP-1 kכmכt frכm di εksplכreshכn fכ GLP-1 in fysiolojikal ifekt dεm. Sayɛnsman dɛn bin inspɛkt exendin-4 insay lizad saliva fɔ divɛlɔp di fɔs jɛnɛreshɔn GLP-1 riseptɔ agonist. fכ pursyu wan lכng-akt tritmεnt opshכn, dεn divεlכp GLP-1 tru kεmikכl modifyushכn fכ di GLP-1 pεptida chen, wit di adishכn fεt asid chen dεm fכ εksεnd in haf-layf. As di risach bin de go bifo, i bin de sho bak se i ebul fɔ lɔs yu wet ɛn fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt sik dɛn we de ambɔg yu at ɛn blɔd ɛn fɔ trit yu.

Wetin na di mεkanism fכ akshכn fכ GLP-1?

Rεgulεshכn fכ insulin εn glukagon sekreshכn: 

as GLP-1 rεsεpכta agonist (GLP-1 RA), GLP-1 de stimulat pankrεas β-sεl dεm fכ sekret insulin we i de inhεbit α-sεl dεm fכ sekret glukagon. afta dεn it, we di glukכs lεvεl dεm na di bכdi go כp, GLP-1 de biεn di GLP-1 rεsεpכta dεm, we de aktibכt di dכwnstrim signal path dεm fכ mek di β sεl dεm rilis insulin, we de mek di bכdi tek εn yutilize glukכs, εn i de mek di blכd glukכs lεvεl dכn. bay we i de inhibit glukagon sekreshכn εn ridyus di hεpatik glukכs autput, i de stεbyul di bכdi glukכs lεvεl mכr. כnda nכmal fysiolojikal kכndishכn dεm, di bכdi de mεnten stebul bכdi glukכs lεvεl bay we i de rεgεl di bεlε bitwin insulin εn glukagon. GLP-1 de miks di ifekt dεm we GLP-1 de gi, we de optimiz dis rεgεdyushכn prכsεs ^[1,2]..

Figure 1 Di ifekt dεm we GLP-1 kin du wit dayabitis εn fat ^[3]..

Inhibishכn fכ di hεpatik glukonεojεnεsis: 

GLP-1 de inhεbit di hεpatik glukonεojεnεsis prכsεs. Gluconeogenesis na di rod we di liva de mek glukoz we i de fast ɔ we i de angri, we de mek di blɔd glukɔs stebul we di blɔd glukɔs lɛvɛl smɔl. כltu, insay patכlayz kכndishכn dεm lεk dayabεtis, glukonεojεnεsis kin bi כva aktif, we kin mek di blכd glukכs lεvεl go כp. GLP-1 de akt pan rilevεnt signal path dεm fכ ridyus di εksprεshכn כ aktvכti fכ di ki glukoneojεnεsis εnzym dεm, we de dכn di hεpatik glukכs prodakshכn εn εp fכ kכntrכl di glukכs na di bכdi ^[1]..

Efεkt dεm pan εnεji dayabεtis εn apεtit: 

GLP-1 gɛt rigyuletɔri ifɛkt pan ɛnaji dayabitis ɛn apɛtit. i de ridyus di enεji we yu de it, we kin bi bay we i de akt pan di sεntri nεv sεstem fכ infכlכ di apεtit rεguleshכn sεnta dεm, we de mek yu fil fכ ful εn ridyus di it we i de it. apat frכm dat, GLP-1 gεt sכm ifekt pan di εnεji we i de spεnd, fכs fכ rich di wet rεgulεshכn tru di rεdכks εnεji intayk, we de εp fכ lכs di wet fכ di wan dεm we fat. Insay trayal, di pasɛnt dɛn we de yuz GLP-1 kin ripɔt bɔku tɛm se dɛn nɔ kin want fɔ it ɛn dɛn kin lɔs dɛn wet afta dat ^[1,4]..

di pכtεnshal mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn pan di kכdivaskyul sistεm: GLP-1 kin εksyεrt bεnεfit ifekt pan di kכdivaskyul sistεm tru mכltipכl mεkanism dεm. Na wan say, i kin mek di glukɔs na di blɔd ɛn di bɔdi wet dɔŋ, ɛn dis kin mek di damej we di mɛtabolik disɔda kin kam wit di at ɛn di blɔd sistɛm nɔ bɔku. na di כda say, GLP-1 kin akt dayrekt pan di kכdivaskyul tisu dεm, lεk fכ impruv di vaskulεr εndoteyl fכnshכn, rεdכks inflammatory rεspכns εn כksidεtiv strεs, stεbyul di atεrosklεrotik plek dεm, εn lכs di risk fכ kכdivaskyul sik dεm. di risach we Cigrovski du sho se GLP-1 kin impruv di wok we di vaskulכr εndoteyl sεl dεm de du fכ sekret naytrik כksid, εnhans vasodilayshכn, εn protεkt di kכdivaskyul sistεm ^[5]..

Dairekt ifekt pan di kadyak fכnshכn: 

stכdi dεm we dεn jכs du dεn fכnshכn se akyu εkspכzכn to GLP-1 kin indyuz wan dכz-dipεndεnt strכng positifu inotropik ifekt pan hכman atrial trabekul dεm we nכ de inkrεs di tεndens fכ aritmia. dis ifekt kin kכmכt frכm inkrεs pan sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ riuptek, impruv atrial fכnshכn, εn i de hכld pכsitiv implεkshכn fכ sכmtεm rilif in hat fεil pasεnshכn dεm. in riletid εkspεriεns, atrial trabekul dεm we dεn εkspכz to GLP-1 sho sכmtεm εnhans kכntraktil fכs witout inkrεs pan aritmia ^[6]..

Wetin na di aplikeshɔn dɛn fɔ GLP-1?

Fɔ tayp 2 dayabitis: 

Dɛn kin yuz GLP-1 fɔ trit tayp 2 dayabitis. Ilɛksɛf dɛn gi am bay mɔt ɔ bay we dɛn gi am injɛkshɔn ɔnda di bɔdi, i kin rili mek di ɛmoglobin A1c (HbA1c) lɛvɛl go dɔŋ ^[1]..

Fɔ tritmɛnt fɔ di wan dɛn we fat: 

GLP-1 de sho se i gɛt impɔtant ɛfifikɛshɔn pan ɔbisiti tritmɛnt. Klinik trayal dεm sho se di wan dεm we fat we dεn trit wit GLP-1 kin gεt bכku weit lכs, we kin kam wit rεdכks di wεst sεkshכn, impruv di blכd prεshכn paramita, lכw HbA1c lεvεl, εn impruv lipid profayl (εgz., rεdכks tכtal kכlestכl, lכw-dεnsiti lipoprotein kכlestכl, εn triglisεrayd, εn inkrεs hεy-dεnsiti lipoprotein kכlestכl). di ifekt dεm we i de du fכ lכs wet bεtε pas di wan dεm we de fכ plasebo εn כda mεdikeshכn dεm fכ lכs wet, i de mit di standad dεm we di EMA εn FDA dεn put fכ di mεdikeshכn dεm fכ lכs wet, εn i de gi nyu tritmεnt opshכn fכ di wan dεm we fat ^[1,2]..

Ridyus risk fɔ gɛt sik dɛn we de ambɔg di at ɛn di blɔd: 

Fɔ big pipul dɛn we gɛt tayp 2 dayabitis ɛn we dɛn no se gɛt at sik, GLP-1 kin ridyus di risk fɔ gɛt sik na dɛn at ɛn blɔd. Stɔdi dɛm lɛk di SUSTAIN 6 ɛn PIONEER 6 trayal dɛn sho di nɔ-infɛriɔriti ɛn sef fɔ sɔbkyutan ɛn ɔral GLP-1 insay di at ɛn di blɔd wɛlbɔdi, ɛn di SELECT trayal kɔnfyus mɔ in pɔtɛnɛshɛl advantej fɔ impɔtant di kadiovaskular autkam, ɛp fɔ ridyus di risk fɔ di kadivaskular ivin dɛm ^[1]..

Di tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin protɛkt di rεnal: 

In wan maws mכdel fכ rεnal ischemia-rεpεrfyushכn injuri, GLP-1 sho rεnal prכtektiv ifekt dεm. i de ridyus di lεvεl dεm fכ inflammatory mכlikul dεm lεk tumor nεkrכsis fכktכ-α (TNF-α) εn in rεsεpכta, intalyukin-6 (IL-6), i de dכn di F8 prostaglandin prodakshכn, i de inkrεs di PI3K εn AKT lεvεl dεm na di rεnal tisu, εn i de mek di rεnal injuri, we de sho se GLP-1 kin gεt tεrapi pכtεnshal fכ akyu kidni injuri ^[7].

Dɔn

As GLP-1 rεsεptכr agonist, GLP-1 de kכntro di bכdi glukכs lεvεl dεm fayn fayn wan pan pasεn dεm we gεt tayp 2 dayabεtis bay we i de rεgεl insulin εn glukagon sekreshכn, inhεbit hεpatik glukonεojεnεsis, εn infכlכw εnεji dayabεtis εn apεtit, we i de ridyus bכdi wet bכku pan pipul dεm we fat. I gɛt tin dɛn we de protɛkt di at ɛn di blɔd, i de ridyus di risk fɔ gɛt sik dɛn we de ambɔg di at ɛn di blɔd, ɛn i de protɛkt di kidni dɛn. I gɛt tritmɛnt ifɛkt pan akyu kidni injuri, dayabitik nɛfropati, ɛn ɔda kidni sik dɛn.

Bɔt di pɔsin we rayt di buk

Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt, na ɔl di tin dɛn we Cocer Peptides dɔn du risach, ɛdit ɛn kɔmpilayt.

Sayɛns Jɔnal Author

Hegner, P. de na di Yunivasiti ɔf Rigensbɔg na Jamani ɛn i gɛt bɔku bɔku risach intres dɛn. Dɛn tin ya na di at ɛn di blɔd sistɛm ɛn di at, usay i de fɛn di we aw dɛn de du tin ɛn aw fɔ trit di sik dɛn we de ambɔg di at ɛn di blɔd; bayokεmistri εn mכlikul bayoloji, we de fכkus fכ כnkov mכlikul bayolojikal εn bayokεmik riakshכn mεkanism dεm εn rεgεdyushכn prכsεs dεm; famakɔlɔji ɛn famasi, we de ɛmpɛsh di divɛlɔpmɛnt fɔ drɔgs ɛn ɛvalueshɔn fɔ di ɛfifikɛshɔn; ɛn di respiratory system ɛn bak di jenɛral ɛn intanɛnt mɛrɛsin, we de kɔnsɛntret pan di diagnosis ɛn tritmɛnt fɔ di respiratory diseases ɛn di kɔmɔn intanɛnt mɛdikal kɔndishɔn dɛm. I na masta sabi bukman we dɔn du bɔku tin dɛn pan mɛrɛsin. Hegner P de list in di rεfrεns כf saytεshכn [6].

▎ Saytayshɔn dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit dis

[1] Oleszczuk R, Kozińska I, Gras-Ozimek J, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. GLP-1 fכ di tritmεnt fכ fat[J]. J ɔ rnal ɔ f Ɛdyukeshɔn, Ɛlth ɛn Spɔt, 2022. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245423376.

[2] Christou G. A., Katsiki N., Blundell J., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. GLP-1 as wan prɔmis antiɔbesiti drɔg[J]. Obesiti Rivyu, 2019,20 (6): 805-815.DOI: 10.1111/obr.12839.

[3] Kurtzhals P, Flindt Kreiner F, Singh Bindra R. Di rol we di wet kɔntrol de ple fɔ di mɛnejɛmɛnt fɔ tayp 2 dayabitis: Pɛspɛktiv pan GLP-1[J]. dayabitis Risach ɛn Klinik Prɛktis, 2023,203.DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110881.

[4] Chao A. M., Tronieri J. S., Amaro A., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. GLP-1 fכ di tritmεnt fכ fat[J]. Trends in Kardiovaskyuɛl Mɛdisin, 2023,33(3):159-166.DOI:10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.008.

[5] Cigrovski BM, Strollo F. GLP-1-ay-katch risal[J]. Wol Jɔnal fɔ dayabitis, 2023,14(4):424-434.DOI:10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.424.

[6] Hegner P, Seitz S, Schopka S, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. GLP-1 de impruv kכntraktil fכnshכn insay isolεt hכman atrium[J]. Yuropian Hat Jɔnal, 2024,45(Saplimɛnt_1):ehae666-ehae3729.DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.3729.

[7] Tiba AT, Qassam H, Hadi N R. GLP-1 in rεnal ischemia-rεpεrfyushכn injεri in mays[J]. J Med Layf, 2023,16(2):317-324.DOI:10.25122/jml-2022-0291.

ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.  

Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto famasitik, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.