Cocer Peptides ye 
ŋlɔe ɣleti 1 enye sia
NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.
Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.
Kpɔɖeŋu bliboa
Peptides nye biomolecules ƒe hatsotso vevi aɖe si wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le agbeŋutinunya me. Tso ŋutilã ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le nugbagbewo me dzi va ɖo wo zazã ŋutɔŋutɔ le dɔwɔƒe vovovowo me dzi la, peptidewo ɖea ŋutete gã aɖe kple nu vovovowo fiana.
Nɔnɔmetata 1. Dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu.
Nukpɔsusu Vevi Siwo Ku Ðe Peptides Ŋu
(1) Peptides ƒe Gɔmesese
Peptides nye nusiwo amino acid siwo do ƒome to peptide ƒe kadodowo dzi wɔ. Peptide ƒe kadodo dzɔna ne tsi vɔ le amino acid ɖeka ƒe carboxyl ƒuƒoƒoa me eye wòƒo ƒu kple amino acid bubu ƒe amino ƒuƒoƒo, si wɔnɛ be amino acid geɖewo doa ka kple peptide kɔsɔkɔsɔ. Ne amino acid ƒe xexlẽme le sue la, woyɔnɛ be oligopeptide; ne amino acid ƒe xexlẽme sɔ gbɔ la, woyɔnɛ be polypeptide. Le nugbagbewo me la, peptide kpui geɖe siwo wɔa dɔ tɔxɛwo abe tripeptide kple tetrapeptide ene ate ŋu awɔ ŋutilã me dɔ tɔxɛ aɖewo pɛpɛpɛ.
(2) Peptides ƒe wɔwɔme
1. Dɔwɔnu Gbãtɔ: Esia fia amino acid siwo le peptide kɔsɔkɔsɔ me ƒe ɖoɖo, si nye peptide ƒe wɔwɔme vevitɔ eye wòfiaa eƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛ kple dɔwɔwɔ. Amino acid ƒe ɖoɖo vovovowo naa atike ƒe nɔnɔme kple nugbagbe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo peptidewo. Amino acid ƒe ɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖewo le peptide aɖewo siwo wua dɔlékuiwo ŋu si wɔnɛ be wote ŋu blana ɖe dɔlékuiwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusiwo ŋu koŋ eye wogblẽa wo me.
2. Evelia ƒe wɔwɔme: Nutoa me ƒe teƒe ƒe wɔwɔme si wowɔ to kadodowo abe haidrodzin ƒe kadodo le peptide kɔsɔkɔsɔa me, si me xɔtuɖoɖo siwo bɔ abe α-helices kple β-sheets ene hã le. Dɔwɔnu siawo kpena ɖe peptide kɔsɔkɔsɔa ŋu be wòagabla ɖe edzi eye wòali ke, eye wowɔa akpa vevi aɖe le eƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Le protein ƒe akpa aɖewo me la, α-helices ƒe wɔwɔ nana protein la li ke eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie wu.
3. Tertiary structure: Teƒe ƒe wɔwɔme si le akpa etɔ̃ me si wowɔ to peptide kɔsɔkɔsɔa ƒe babla kple eƒoƒo ɖe edzi si wotu ɖe evelia ƒe wɔwɔme dzi. Etɔ̃lia ƒe wɔwɔmee ɖoa peptide la ƒe nɔnɔme bliboa kple dɔwɔwɔ teƒewo ƒe ɖeɖefia, si le vevie ŋutɔ na kadodo kple molecule bubuwo. Tsitsi ƒe peptide aɖewo ƒe wɔwɔme etɔ̃liae ɖoa woƒe ŋutete be woabla ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe anyime xɔla tɔxɛwo ŋu, si wɔnɛ be wodzea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi kple vovototodedeameme ƒe dzesiwo gɔme.
Figure 2 PSK ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe wɔwɔme, dzesiwo, kple dɔwɔwɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu. PSK ŋgɔdolawo (pPSKs) toa tyrosine sulfation (si woɖe fia kple S dzĩ) si TPST le cis-Golgi me ʋãna eye proteolytic cleavage le apoplast me kplɔe ɖo.
Peptides ƒe hatsotsowo me toto
(1) Ƒomedodo ɖe hatsotsowo me le Dzɔtsoƒe nu
1. Peptide siwo wokpɔna tso lãwo me: woɖea wo tso lãwo ƒe lãkusiwo kple ŋutilã me tsiwo me, abe casein peptide siwo woɖe tso notsi me ene, siwo si ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo le, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye calcium ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ dodo ɖe ŋgɔ kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ. Viɖe si le peptide siwo wokpɔ tso lãwo me ŋue nye be woate ŋu awɔ ɖeka kple amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã nyuie, si wɔnɛ be amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã te ŋu xɔa wo bɔbɔe hezãa wo.
2. Peptide siwo wokpɔna tso numiemiewo me: Woɖea wo tso numiemiewo me, abe soya peptide kple lu ƒe peptide ene. Viɖe siwo le peptide siwo woɖe tso numiemiewo me ŋu be wokpɔa nu xoxowo tso teƒe geɖe eye woƒe asi bɔbɔna, evɔ nugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo hã le wo si, abe antioxidant kple ʋu ƒe sisi dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo ene. Numekuku geɖe ɖee fia be soya peptidewo ate ŋu aɖe ʋumemi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòaɖe vi na dzitodzitowo ƒe lãmesẽ.
3. Peptide siwo wokpɔna tso nugbagbevi suewo me: Wowɔa wo to nugbagbevi suewo ƒe ʋeʋẽ me, abe peptide siwo tsia dɔlékuiwo nu siwo dɔlékui aɖewo wɔ ene. Dɔlékuiwutike tɔxɛwo le peptide siwo wokpɔ tso nugbagbevi suewo me ŋu eye woɖea mɔxenu nyuiwo fiana ɖe dɔlékui siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe atikewo nu dzi, eye asixɔxɔ si ate ŋu anɔ wo ŋu le atikewɔnyawo me.
(2) Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe hatsotsowo me toto
1. Bioactive Peptides: Dɔ geɖe le peptide siawo si le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me, abe ʋu ƒe sisi, sukli si le ʋu me, kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzi kpɔkpɔ ene. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI peptides) ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe angiotensin-converting enzyme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nu, si ana ʋu ƒe sisi dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ, eye wòakpɔ ŋusẽ gã aɖe le atikewɔwɔ me na dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ʋusɔgbɔdɔ le.
2. Antimicrobial Peptides: Peptide siawo ate ŋu axe mɔ na nugbagbevi suesuewo abe dɔlékuiwo, fungiwo, kple dɔlékuiwo ene alo awu wo. Woli le dzɔdzɔme nu eye woƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu tɔxɛwo le wo si, abe alesi wogblẽa nugbagbevi suewo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusi ƒe wɔwɔme me be woawɔ dɔlékuiwutikewo ene. Le nugbagbeŋutinunya me la, wobua dɔlékuiwutikewo be wonye atike siwo woate ŋu azã atsɔ akpɔ dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe nyawo gbɔe.
Peptides ƒe Dɔwɔwɔwo
(1) Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔwɔ
1. Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: Peptide lãmetsi geɖe wɔa dɔ vevi aɖe le ŋutilãa me le ɖoɖowɔwɔ me. Insulin nye peptide lãmetsi aɖe si dɔgboa me beta lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖena, si naa sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ʋu me, edoa sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le ʋu me ɖe ŋgɔ, doa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe sukli xɔxɔ kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, eye wònana sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si nɔa ʋu me nɔa te. Ne insulin ƒe dodo mesɔ gbɔ o alo eƒe dɔwɔwɔ mesɔ o la, ate ŋu ana sukli nadzi ɖe edzi le ʋu me eye wòana suklidɔ nadze ame dzi.
2. Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo wɔa akpa aɖe le nyatakakawo ƒe kaka kple wo dzi kpɔkpɔ le lãmekawo me. Endorphins ƒe vevesesenutsitike ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi sɔ kple morphine, eye wòblana ɖe opioid xɔla siwo le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe anyime ŋu be wòaɖe vevesese ƒe dzesiwo ƒe kaka dzi akpɔtɔ. Neuropeptides hã kpɔa gome le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo abe seselelãme, alɔ̃dɔdɔ, kple nuɖuɖudzroame ene dzi kpɔkpɔ me.
(2) Gomekpɔkpɔ le Dɔlélenutsiŋutete Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔwɔ me
1. Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Dzi Ðeɖe Akpɔtɔ: Peptide aɖewo ate ŋu aʋã dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple vovototodedeameme, si ana woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nadzi ɖe edzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, thymosin doa T ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo ƒe tsitsi kple vovototodedeameme ɖe ŋgɔ, si naa ŋutilãa ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi, eye wozãnɛ zi geɖe le dɔnɔ siwo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete me gblẽ la dada me.
2. Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe nusiwo dona le lãme na ame ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ: Peptides ate ŋu aɖɔ dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dodo ɖe lãme na ame vovovowo ɖo, si ana dɔlélenutsiŋutete nada asɔ. Peptide aɖewo siwo tsia dɔlékuiwo nu ate ŋu aɖɔ dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dodo ɖo, si ana ŋutilãa ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nadzi ɖe edzi be wòaʋli dɔlékuiwo ƒe amedzidzedze me eye wòaxe mɔ ɖe dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũu akpa nu le dɔdzẽ ƒe akpa mamlɛawo me be wòaɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbegblẽ dzi akpɔtɔ.
(3) Nuwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dodo ɖe ŋgɔ
1. Protein ƒe asitɔtrɔ: Peptides kpɔa gome le proteinwo ƒe wɔwɔme kple woƒe gbegblẽ me. Le protein ƒe wɔwɔme me la, wotsɔa peptide ƒe kadodowo doa ka kple amino acidwo tsɔ wɔa peptide kɔsɔkɔsɔwo, eye emegbe woƒoa wo nu ƒu zua protein siwo wɔa dɔ tɔxɛwo. Protease siwo le ŋutilãa me ate ŋu ana proteinwo nazu peptide ƒe akpawo, eye wogamãna ɖe amino acidwo me, si naa nunyiame kple ŋusẽ ŋutilãa.
2. Ami ƒe Tɔtrɔ: Peptide aɖewo ate ŋu aɖɔ enzyme siwo kpɔa gome le ami ƒe asitɔtrɔ me ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi, si akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ami ƒe wɔwɔme kple eƒe gbagbã dzi. Peptide aɖewo ate ŋu ado ami ƒe oxidation ɖe ŋgɔ, aɖe ami ƒe ƒoƒo ɖe ŋutilã me dzi akpɔtɔ, eye woate ŋu azã wo le lolo akpa nutsitsi kple edada me.
Peptides ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ
(1) Atikewɔƒe
1. Atikewo Zazã:
Dɔlékuiwutikewo: Esi nya si le dzidzim ɖe edzi le dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ŋu ta la, dɔlékuiwutikewo va zu teƒe vevi aɖe le dɔlékuiwutike yeyewo toto vɛ me. Peptide siwo wua dɔlékuiwo ɖea mɔxenu nyui aɖe fiana ɖe dɔlékui vovovo siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe atikewo nu ŋu eye woƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu tɔxɛwo le wo si siwo mewɔa dɔ boo aɖeke o. Peptide siwo wua dɔlékui siwo wokpɔna tso akpɔkplɔ ƒe ŋutigbalẽ me ɖe nu nyuiwo fia le ŋutigbalẽ me dɔlékuiwo kple nɔnɔme bubuwo dada me.
Atike Bubuwo: Wozãa atike siwo me peptide le hã tsɔ daa dɔléle vovovowo abe dzitodzito me dɔlélewo kple suklidɔ ene. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues hena suklidɔ dada ate ŋu asrɔ̃ GLP-1 ƒe ŋutilã me ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi, ado insulin ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, ana sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le ʋu me naɖiɖi, eye viɖe si le wo ŋu be suklidɔ ƒe afɔku le sue.
2. Atike tsɔlawo: Peptides ate ŋu anye atike tsɔlawo be woana atikewo ƒe taɖodzinu kple nugbagbewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi. Ne wotsɔ atikewo do ƒome kple peptide siwo si taɖodzinu ƒe ŋutetewo le la, woate ŋu atsɔ atikewo ayi afisi dɔlélea le pɛpɛpɛ, si ana woaɖe nusiwo gblẽ le lãmeka siwo sɔ ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ. Peptide tsɔlawo hã ate ŋu ana atikewo ƒe ʋeʋẽ kple liƒo nanyo ɖe edzi, si ana atikewɔwɔ nawɔ dɔ nyuie wu.
(2) Nuɖuɖu Dɔwɔƒe
1. Nunyiame ƒe ŋusẽdodo: Nunyiame nyuiwo le peptidewo ŋu eye woɖunɛ bɔbɔe eye woxɔa wo, si wɔe be wosɔ abe nunyiame ƒe ŋusẽdoamenuwo ene le nuɖuɖu me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, casein peptides tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe vidzĩ ƒe notsi me ate ŋu ana nunyiame si le notsi me nadzi ɖe edzi eye wòana vidzĩ ƒe tsitsi kple tsitsi nadzi ɖe edzi. Le ameha tɔxɛwo abe ame tsitsiwo kple dɔnɔ siwo ƒe lãme sẽ le amekoko megbe ene gome la, nuɖuɖu siwo me peptide sɔ gbɔ ɖo ate ŋu ana protein deŋgɔ si woate ŋu axɔ bɔbɔe be wòakpɔ woƒe nunyiame ƒe hiahiãwo gbɔ.
2. Nuvivinu Dodoɖeŋgɔ: Nuvivinu tɔxɛ aɖewo le peptide aɖewo ŋu eye woate ŋu azã wo atsɔ ana nuɖuɖu ƒe nɔnɔme kple vivi nanyo ɖe edzi. Peptide aɖewo siwo me umami sɔ gbɔ ɖo ate ŋu ana nuɖuɖu ƒe umami ƒe vivi nanyo ɖe edzi, si ana eƒe nyonyome nanyo ɖe edzi. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, peptidewo ate ŋu anye nusiwo doa vivi ɖe ame ŋu, eye woawɔ dɔ aduadu kple nuvivinu bubuwo atsɔ ado nuɖuɖu ƒe vivi bliboa ɖe dzi.
3. Nuwo Takpɔkpɔ Kple Dɔlékuiwutikewo: Ŋutete le dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe peptidewo ŋu be woaxe mɔ ɖe nugbagbevi suewo ƒe tsitsi nu eye woate ŋu azã wo abe dzɔdzɔmenu siwo wotsɔ dzraa nu ɖo le nuɖuɖudɔwɔƒewo ene. Peptide siwo wua dɔlékuiwo tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe nuɖuɖu ŋu ate ŋu ana eƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi, aɖe atike siwo gblẽa nu le nuɖuɖu ŋu zazã dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana nuɖuɖu nanɔ dedie. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, peptide siwo wua dɔlékuiwo dede lãwo, nyinotsibabla, kple nuɖuɖu bubuwo me ate ŋu axe mɔ na dɔlékuiwo kple aŋɔ ƒe tsitsi nyuie, si ana nuɖuɖu nanɔ yeye.
(3) Agbledede ƒe agble
1. Numiemiewo ƒe tsitsi dzi kpɔkpɔ: Peptide lãmetsi siwo wokpɔna tso numiemiewo me abe numiemie ƒe sulfonic peptides (PSK) ene wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le numiemie ƒe tsitsi, tsitsi, kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete me. PSK ate ŋu ado numiemie ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe mama kple tsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ, aɖɔ numiemie ƒe vidzidzi ƒe ɖoɖowo ɖo, eye wòana ŋutilã me lãmenugbagbeviwo nawɔ fugboe. Le agbledede me la, PSKwo zazã le egodo alo PSK ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ le numiemiewo me ateŋu ana nukuwo ƒe kutsetse kple woƒe nyonyome nadzi ɖe edzi.
2. Nudzodzoeviwo Kple Dɔlélewo Dzi Ðuɖu: Woate ŋu azã dɔlékuiwutikewo abe nugbagbeviwutikewo ene hena nudzodzoeviwutikewo kple dɔlélewo dzi ɖuɖu le agblemenukuwo me. Ne wotsɔ atike siwo wua nudzodzoeviwutikewo sɔ kple dɔlékuiwutikewo la, viɖe siwo le dɔlékuiwutikewo ŋu abe nutome xɔlɔ̃wɔwɔ kple nusiwo susɔ vie ene. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, dɔlékuiwutike aɖewo siwo wokpɔna tso nudzodzoewo me ate ŋu axe mɔ na numiemiewo ƒe dɔlékuiwo ƒe tsitsi, si ana woaɖu nukuwo ƒe dɔlélewo dzi nyuie. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, peptide aɖewo ate ŋu agblẽ nudzodzoeviwo ƒe tsitsi, woƒe tsitsi, kple woƒe vidzidzi me, si ana woaɖo nudzodzoeviwo dzi ɖuɖu ƒe taɖodzinuwo gbɔ.
(4) Atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo
1. Tsidede kple Dzadzraɖo: Tsidede ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ŋutete nyuiwo le peptidewo ŋu, enaa ŋutigbalẽ ƒe tsi dzina ɖe edzi eye wònana tsi nɔa ŋutigbalẽ me. Peptide aɖewo ate ŋu ado ŋutigbalẽmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔɖɔɖo kple wo gbugbɔgadzɔ hã ɖe ŋgɔ, si ana ŋutigbalẽ ƒe mɔxenu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi. Collagen peptides ate ŋu agbugbɔ collagen aɖo ŋutigbalẽa me, si aɖe ɖa ƒe wɔwɔme dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòana ŋutigbalẽa nasẽ eye wòanɔ blɔ.
2. Yevuwɔwɔ Kple Tsitsi: Peptide aɖewo ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe melanin ƒe wɔwɔme nu, si ana wòawɔ ɣie. Glutathione ate ŋu aɖe melanin ƒe wɔwɔ dzi akpɔtɔ to melanin ƒe ŋgɔdonya si nye dopaquinone dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me. Nusiwo tsia dzoxɔxɔ nu hã le peptidewo ŋu, si kpena ɖe ame ŋu wòɖea free radicals ɖa le ŋutilãa me, hea ŋutigbalẽ ƒe tsitsi ɖe megbe, eye wòléa sɔhɛmenɔnɔ ƒe dzedzeme me ɖe asi.
Peptide Ŋuti Numekuku ƒe Nɔnɔme Fifia
Numekuku ƒe Nɔnɔme Fifia: Fifia la, wowɔ ŋgɔyiyi gã aɖe le peptide ŋuti numekuku me. Le numekuku veviwo me la, peptide ƒe wɔwɔme, dɔwɔwɔ, kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo gɔmesese yi edzi le goglom ɖe edzi. To nugbagbeŋutinunya deŋgɔwo abe domenyiŋusẽfianu kple protein ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ene dzi la, woate ŋu awɔ peptidewo nyuie ahatrɔ asi le wo ŋu, si aʋu mɔnukpɔkpɔ geɖe wu ɖi na wo zazã. Le numekuku siwo wozãna me la, peptidewo zazã le agblewo abe atikewɔwɔ, nuɖuɖu, kple agbledede ene me le ta kekem, eye nusiwo wotsɔ peptide wɔe ƒe xexlẽme le dzidzim ɖe edzi va le asi me.
Nyanuwuwuw
Abe biomolecules ƒe hatsotso vevi aɖe ene la, wɔwɔme tɔxɛwo, hatsotso vovovowo, kple dɔwɔwɔ keke ta le peptidewo si. Le go geɖe abe atikewɔwɔ ene me la, peptidewo ɖe asixɔxɔ gã aɖe fia le wo zazã me.
Dzɔtsoƒewo
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[2] Pashmforoosh N, Baradaran M. Peptides siwo wɔa dɔ vovovowo tso Scorpion Venom me: Mɔnukpɔkpɔ Gã aɖe na Dɔléle Vovovowo Dada[J]. Iran Biomed J, 2023, 27 (2 & 3): 84-99.DOI: 10.61186 / ibj.3863.
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[5] Sultana A, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe Peptides kple Wo Zazã le Atikewɔwɔ ƒe Dɔwɔƒe [J]. Dɔlékuiwutikewo-Basel, 2021,10 (9).DOI: 10.3390 / dɔlékuiwutikewo10091094.
[6] Fu Y, Amin M, Li Q, kple ame bubuwo. Dɔwɔwɔ le nunyiame me: Peptides abe vividoɖeameŋulawo ene[M]//2021:569-580.DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821389-6.00014-5.
[7] van der Does AM, Hiemstra PS, Mookherjee N. Dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe amedzro takpɔkpɔ Peptides: Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo kple gbegɔmeɖeɖe ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔwo[J]. Ŋgɔyiyi le Dodokpɔ ƒe Atikewɔwɔ kple Nu gbagbewo ŋuti nunya me, 2019,1117:149-171.DOI:10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_10.
