Na Cocer Peptides bin rayt am 
1 mɔnt dɔn pas
ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.
Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.
Ovaviu fɔ di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn lan
Pεptida dεm na imכtant klas fכ bayomכlikul dεm we de ple imכtant rol insay di fil fכ layf sayns. frכm fisiolכjik rεguleshכn insay כganism dεm to prεktikal aplikεshכn dεm akrays difrεn industri dεm, pεptida dεm de sho big pכtεnshal εn difrεns.
Figure 1. Mekanism fכ akshכn fכ antimaykrobial pεptida dεm.
Besik Kɔnsɛpt dɛn fɔ Pɛptayd dɛn
(1) Difinishɔn fɔ Pɛptayd
Pεptida dεm na kכmpawnd dεm we amino asid dεm we lεnk tru pεptida bכnd dεm de fכm. pεptida bכnd de fכm we di kכbכksil grup fכ wan amino asid de dεhaydret εn kכndens wit di amino grup fכ כda amino asid, we de mek i lεnk mכltipכl amino asid dεm fכ fכm wan pεptida chen. we di nכmba fכ di amino asid dεm sכm, dεn kכl am oligopεptida; we di nכmba fכ di amino asid dεm big, dεn kכl am polipεptida. insay liv כganism dεm, plεnti sכt pεptida dεm we gεt spεsifi k fכnshכn dεm, lεk tripεptida dεm εn tεtrapεptida dεm, kin prεsis fכ du spεsifi k fysiolojikal wok dεm.
(2) Strukchɔ fɔ di Pɛptayd dɛn
. difrεn amino asid sikεns dεm de gi difrεnt kεmikכl prכpati dεm εn bayolojikal aktiviti dεm pan pεptida dεm. sכm antimaykrobial pεpti dεm gεt spεsifi k amino asid sikεns dεm we de mek dεn spεshal biεn εn disrupt baktriyal sεl mεmbran dεm.
2. sεkכnd strכkchכ: di lokal spatial strכkchכ we fכm bay intarakshכn lεk haydrojεn bכnd insay di pεptida chen, inklud kכmכn strכkchכ dεm lεk α-hεlis εn β-shit. dis strכkchכ dεm de εp fכ fכd fכ fכl εn stεbiliz di pεptida chen, we de ple imכtant rol insay in fכnshכnal aktiviti. insay sכm protin sεgmεnt dεm, di fכmeshכn fכ α-hεlis de εnhans di stεbiliti εn fכnshכnal aktiviti fכ di protin.
3. Tεshari strכkchכ: di tri-dimenshכnal spatial strכkchכ we de fכm bay fכ fכl εn kכyl di pεptida chen bays pan di sεkכnd strכkchכ. di tεshari strכkchכ de ditarεmin di כvala shep fכ di pεptida εn di εkspכzכn fכ fכnshכnal sayt dεm, we imכtant fכ intarakshכn wit כda mכlikul dεm. di tεshari strכkchכ fכ sכm gכt fכktכ pεpti dεm de ditarεmin dεn abiliti fכ biεn to spεsifi k sεl sεf rεsεpכta dεm, we de initiate sεl growth εn difrεns signal dεm.
Figure 2 Wan wok mכdel fכ PSK bayosεntesis, signal, εn fכnshכn dεm. PSK prεkursכr dεm (pPSK dεm) de כndago tayrozin sכlfεshכn (we dεn indikεt bay rεd S) we dεn katalayz bay wan TPST insay di cis-Golgi we dεn fכlכ wit proteolaytik klivεj insay di apoplast.
Klasifikɛshɔn fɔ di Pɛptid dɛn
(1) Klasifikɛshɔn bay di Sɔs
. di advantej fכ di pεpti dεm we kכmכt frכm animal de insay dεn gud kכmpatibiliti wit di mכtalman bכdi, we de mek i izi fכ abzכp dεm εn yuz dεm fכ di mכtalman bכdi.
2. Pεptida dεm we kכmכt frכm plant dεm: dεn kin pul am frכm plant dεm, lεk soya pεptida dεm εn wit pεptida dεm. di pεpti dεm we kכmכt frכm plant gεt di advantej dεm fכ di raw mεtirial sכs dεm we de sכmtεm bכku bכku wan εn dεn de kכst lכw, pan כl we dεn gεt difrεn bayolojikal aktiviti dεm bak, lεk antioksidant εn blכd prεshכn-lכwεshכn ifekt dεm. Bɔku stɔdi dɛn dɔn sho se soya peptide kin mek di kɔlɔstrel lɛvɛl go dɔŋ ɛn bɛnifit di at ɛn di blɔd wɛlbɔdi.
3. di pεpti dεm we kכmכt frכm maykrobial: dεn de mek am tru maykrobial fεmεntεshכn, lεk antimaykrobial pεpti dεm we sכm baktri dεm de mek. di pεpti dεm we kכmכt frכm maykrobial gεt yכnik antimaykrobial mεkanism dεm εn dεn de sho gud inhibitory ifekt pan baktri dεm we de rεsist drog, we de hכl pכtεnshal valyu na di fכmasitik fil.
(2) Klasifikɛshɔn bay Fɔnkshɔn
. di angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI peptides) kin inhibit di aktiviti fכ angiotensin-converting enzyme, dat kin mek di bכdi prεshכn dכn, εn i kin gεt bכku tεrapi implεkshכn fכ di sik pipul dεm we gεt haypatεnshכn.
2. Antimaikrobial Pεptida dεm: dεn pεpti dεm ya kin inhεbit כ kil maykro כganism dεm lεk baktri, fכn, εn vayrus. dεn de insay di nature εn dεn gεt yכnik mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn, lεk fכ disrupt di sεl mεmbran strכkchכ fכ maykro כganism dεm fכ εksyεrt antimaykrobial ifekt dεm. Insay di fild fɔ bayɔmɛdisin, dɛn kin tek di antimaykrobial peptida dɛm as pɔtɛnɛshɛl drɔgs fɔ adrɛs di antibaytik rɛsistɛns kwɛshɔn dɛm.
Di wok dɛn we di Pɛptayd dɛn de du
(1) Rigyuleshɔn fɔ di Fisiɔlɔjik Fɔnkshɔn dɛn
1. כmon rεgulεshכn: bכku pεptida כmon dεm de ple imכtant rεgεlεshכn rol dεm na di bכdi. insulin na pεptida כmon we di pankrεas beta sεl dεm de kכl, we de rεgεl di blכd glukכs lεvεl, de mek di sεl dεm tek εn yuz glukכs, εn de mεnten di blכd glukכs lεvεl stebul. If insulin nɔ de kɔmɔt ɔ i nɔ de wok fayn, i kin mek di glukɔs na di blɔd go ɔp ɛn mek i gɛt dayabitis.
2. Nyural Rεgulεshכn: Nyuropεptida dεm de ple rol fכ infכmeshכn transmishכn εn rεguleshכn insay di nεv sεstem. εndorfin dεm gεt analgesic ifekt dεm we lεk mכfin, we de biεn to opioid rεsεpכta dεm na di sεf fכ nyuron dεm fכ εliviet di transmishכn fכ pen signal dεm. di nyuropεptida dεm de tek pat bak fכ rεgεl di fysiolojikal prכsεs dεm lεk di mכd, slip, εn fכ it.
(2) Fɔ tek pat pan di Imyun Rɛgyuleshɔn
1. εnhans di Imyun Sεl Aktiviti: sכm pεpti dεm kin mek di imyun sεl dεm proliferashכn εn difrεns, we de εnhans dεn aktiviti. fכ egzampl, taymosin de mek di T limfosayt dεm machכ εn difrεns, i de mek di bכdi in sεl imyun fכnshכn bכku, εn dεn kin yus am fכ trit di sik pipul dεm we di imyun fכnshכn nכ de wok fayn.
2. fכ rεgεl di sekreshכn fכ di imyun fכktכ dεm: di pεptayd dεm kin rεgεl di sekreshכn fכ difrεn imyun fכktכ dεm bay di imyun sεl dεm, we de mεnten di imyun bεlε. sכm antimaykrobial pεpti dεm kin rεgεl di sekreshכn fכ inflammatory cytokines, dεn tu de εnhans di bכdi in inflammatory rεspכns fכ difεnd εgens pathogen invasion εn inhεbit fכ inflammatory rεspכns dεm we pasmak insay di leta stej dεm fכ inflameshn fכ ridyus di tisu dεm we dεn dכn pwεl.
(3) Fɔ mek di matirial mɛtabolism go bifo
1. di mεtabolism fכ di protin dεm: di pεptayd dεm de tek pat pan di sεntesis εn dεgradashכn fכ di protin dεm. di tεm we di protin de sεntez, di amino asid dεm de kכnekt bay pεptida bכnd dεm fכ fכm pεptida chen dεm, we dεn de kam togεda fכ bi protin dεm wit spεsifi k fכnshכn dεm. di protiz dεm na di bכdi kin haydrolayz di protin dεm to pεptida sεgmεnt dεm, we de brok dכn mכr to amino asid dεm, we de gi nyutrishכn εn enεji fכ di bכdi.
2. fεt mεtabolism: sכm pεpti dεm kin rεgεl di aktiviti fכ di εnzym dεm we de involv insay fεt mεtabolism, we de infכlכw fεt sεntesis εn brεk dכwn. sכm pεpti dεm kin mek fεt asid כksidεshכn, ridyus fεt akyumyuleshכn na di bכdi, εn kin gεt pכtεnshal aplikεshכn fכ prεvεnshכn εn tritmεnt fכ fat.
Aplikeshɔn fɔ Pɛptid dɛn
(1) Famasi Fil
1. Divɛlɔpmɛnt fɔ Drug:
Antimicrobial Drugs: We wi tink bɔt di prɔblɛm we de gro bɔt antibayɔtik rɛsistɛns, antimaikrobial peptide dɛn dɔn bi wan hotspɔt fɔ divɛlɔp nyu antimaikrobial drɔgs. di antimaykrobial pεpti dεm de sho fayn fayn inhibitory ifekt dεm agens difrεn baktri dεm we de rεsist drog εn dεn gεt yכnik mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn we nכ de divεlכp rεsistεns. di antimaikrobial pεpti dεm we kכmכt frכm frog skin dεn sho prכmis risכlt fכ trit infεkshכn na di skin εn כda kכndishכn dεm.
Ɔda Drug Dɛm: Dɛn kin yuz mɛrɛsin bak we gɛt peptide fɔ trit difrɛn sik dɛn lɛk sik dɛn we de ambɔg di at ɛn di blɔd ɛn dayabitis. Glukagon-layk pεptida-1 (GLP-1) analכg dεm fכ trit dayabεtis kin miks di fysiolojikal ifekt dεm fכ GLP-1, protεkt insulin sekreshכn, lכw bכdi glukכs lεvεl, εn gεt di advantej fכ lכw haypoglycemia risk.
. bay we dεn link di dכg dεm to pεptida dεm wit tכgεt prכpati dεm, dεn kin dεliv di dכg dεm prεsishכn to di say we di sik de, we de mek di nכmal tisu dεm dεm nכ pwεl. Pεptid kεriכn kin impruv di dכg sכlubiliti εn stεbiliti bak, we de εnhans di tεrapi efficacy.
(2) Fɔd Indastri
. fכ egzampl, we yu ad kεsin pεpti dεm to di pikin fכmula i kin mek di fכmula in nyutrishכnal valyu bכku εn i kin mek di pikin gro εn divεlכp. fכ spεshal pipul dεm lεk di ol pipul dεm εn di wan dεm we dεn du rihabiliteshכn afta dεn sכjεri, it dεm we gεt pεptida kin gi izi fכ abzכb hכy kwaliti protin fכ mit dεn nyutrishכnal nid dεm.
2. Flavor Enhancement: Sɔm peptide dɛn gɛt spɛshal flawa ɛn dɛn kin yuz dɛn fɔ mek di it fayn ɛn flawa. sכm umami-rich pεpti dεm kin mek di umami flawa fכ it bכku, we kin mek in kwaliti bכku. apat frכm dat, pεpti dεm kin wok lεk flawa εnhansa, we de sinaj wit כda flawa kכmpawnd dεm fכ εlevεt di כvala flawa profayl fכ it.
. If yu ad antimaikrobial peptide to it kin mek i liv lɔng, i kin ridyus di yus fɔ kemikal prɛzɛvɛtiv, ɛn i kin mek di it sef. Fɔ ɛgzampul, if yu put antimicrobial peptides insay mit prodakt, dairy prodakt, ɛn ɔda it dɛn, dat kin mek baktri ɛn mold nɔ gro fayn fayn wan, ɛn dis kin mek di it kɔntinyu fɔ fresh.
(3) Agrikalchɔral fil
. PSK dεm kin mek di plant sεl dεm divεlכp εn gro, rεgεl di plant rεprכdaktiv prכsεs dεm, εn indyuz somatik sεl εmbriyojεnεsis. Insay agrikalchɔral prodakshɔn, ɛkzojen aplikeshɔn fɔ PSK ɔ rigyuleshɔn fɔ PSK lɛvɛl insay plant kin ɛp fɔ mek di krop yield ɛn kwaliti bɛtɛ.
2. Pɛst ɛn Sik Kɔntrol: Dɛn kin yuz antimaikrobial peptida dɛn as bayolojikal peshɛnt fɔ kɔntrol peshɛnt ɛn sik dɛn na krop. We yu kɔmpia am wit kemikal peshɛnt, antimaikrobial peptida dɛn de gi bɛnifit dɛn lɛk fɔ mek di envayrɔmɛnt fayn ɛn nɔ gɛt bɔku tin dɛn we de lɛf. fכ egzampl, sכm antimaykrobial pεptida dεm we kכmכt frכm insekt kin mek di plant pathogens dεm nכ gro, we de gi fayn kכntrכl pan krop sik dεm. apat frכm dat, sכm pεpti dεm kin ambɔg di growth, divεlכpmεnt, εn riprodakshכn fכ di peshכn dεm, we kin mek dεn rich di tin dεm we dεn want fכ kכntrכl di peshכn dεm.
(4) Kɔsmɛtik dɛn
1. Mɔstɔrayzin ɛn Ripair: Pɛptayd gɛt fayn fayn mɔstɔrayzin prɔpati, i de mek di skin mɔstɔr bɔku ɛn i de mek di skin kɔntinyu fɔ gɛt wata. sכm pεpti dεm kin mek di skin sεl dεm rεpa εn rigεnεreshכn bak, we de mek di skin barεri fכ wok fayn. di kolagen pεpti dεm kin mek di kolagen bak na di skin, we de ridyus di fכmeshכn fכ di wrinkles εn mek di skin fכm εn sכft.
2. Waitin εn Anti-Ej: sכm pεpti dεm kin inhεbit melanin sεntesis, we kin mek i wayt. glutathione kin ridyus di melanin prodakshכn bay we i de ridyus di melanin prεkursכr dopaquinone. Pɛptida gɛt antiɔksidant prɔpati bak, we de ɛp fɔ pul fri radikal dɛn na di bɔdi, fɔ mek di skin ol te, ɛn fɔ mek i tan lɛk yɔŋ pɔsin.
Di Status fɔ Pɛptid Risach naw
Risach Status naw: Naw, big big prɔgrɛs dɔn de pan peptide risach. insay besik risach, di כndastandin fכ di pεptida strכkchכ, di fכnshכn, εn di mεkanism fכ akshכn de kכntinyu fכ dip. tru advans bayoteknכlכji dεm lεk jεnεtik εnjinia εn protin εnjinia, pεpti dεm kin efyushכn sεntez εn modify, we de opin mכr posisibilti fכ dεn aplikεshכn. insay aplai risach, di yus fכ pεptida dεm na fil dεm lεk mεdikal, it, εn agrikalchכ de bכku, wit di nכmba we de kכmכt pan pεptida-bεys prodakt dεm we de kam insay di makit.
Dɔn
as imכtant klas fכ bayomכlikul dεm, pεptida dεm gεt yunik strכkchכ dεm, difrεn klasification dεm, εn brayt fכnshכn dεm. insay plεnti fil dεm lεk mεdisin, pεptida dεn dכn sho sכm aplikεshכn valyu.
Sos dɛn we dɛn pul
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[6] Fu Y, Amin M, Li Q, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. Aplikeshɔn dɛn na nyutrishɔn: Pɛptayd dɛn as teist ɛnhansa dɛn[M]//2021:569-580.DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821389-6.00014-5.
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