By Cocer Peptides 
Watanni 1 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
A cikin fannin likitanci da ilmin halitta, amsawar kumburi shine hadaddun tsarin kariya na jiki ga wasu abubuwan da zasu iya cutar da su. Matsalolin kumburi masu yawa ko rashin kulawa na iya haifar da lalacewa ga jiki kuma ya haifar da jerin cututtuka. Vilon, a matsayin abu mai keɓantaccen tsari da halaye na aiki, ya nuna takamaiman matsayi da yuwuwar aikace-aikacen a cikin tasirin anti-mai kumburi.
Hoto 1 Hanyoyin Antioxidative.
Tushen da Tsarin Tsarin Vilon
Vilon shine peptide bioactive tare da cikakken suna L-Lys-L-Glu. An haɗa shi bisa ga maganin Thymogen, wanda ya ƙunshi dipeptide L-Glu-L-Trp tare da aikin gyaran rigakafi. A cikin 1991, Morozov da Khavinson sun ware Naturalthymic dalilai (NTFs) daga maraƙi thymus, kuma daga baya suka samar da maganin Thymalin bisa ga NTFs, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a asibiti don rigakafi da kuma kula da cututtuka na immunodeficiency. Daga baya, ta yin amfani da chromatography na ruwa na baya-bayan nan, Thymogen mai ɗauke da maɓalli na dipeptide ya keɓe daga Thymalin, kuma Vilon ya ƙara haɗawa bisa wannan. Wannan mataki na samo asali daga abubuwa na halitta ya kafa harsashin aikin rigakafin kumburi na musamman na Vilon. Ya ƙunshi takamaiman jerin amino acid, tare da L-Lys (lysine) da L-Glu (glutamic acid) waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin peptide. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar Vilon don yin hulɗa tare da masu karɓar sararin sel ko ƙwayoyin intracellular, ta haka ne ya fara jerin martanin anti-mai kumburi.
Abubuwan da aka tsara na Vilon akan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta
Tasiri akan macrophages: Macrophages su ne sel masu mahimmanci a cikin amsawar kumburi. A lokacin kumburi, macrophages suna kunnawa kuma suna ɓoye abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi daban-daban da masu shiga tsakani. Vilon yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga ɓoyewar abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi IL-1β da TNF-α, da kuma matsakanci mai kumburi NO, ta hanyar linzamin kwamfuta na peritoneal macrophages da ke cikin amsawar kumburi. Yin amfani da linzamin kwamfuta na farko na LPS mai amfani da macrophages na peritoneal a matsayin ingantaccen iko, lokacin da aka haɗa macrophages peritoneal linzamin kwamfuta tare da Vilon a yawan adadin 0.1 μg / mL, 1 μg / ml, da 10 μg / ml, da LPS a 1 μg / mL, da LPS a 1 μg / mL, da 1 μg / mL, da LPS a 1 μg / mL, da 1 μg / mL. Macrophages peritoneal linzamin kwamfuta da aka kunna LPS, tare da alaƙar dogaro da kashi. Wannan yana nuna cewa yayin da maida hankali na Vilon ya karu, ikonsa na inganta siginar waɗannan abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da kumburi ta macrophages shima yana ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, Vilon kuma ya inganta bayanin IL-1β, TNF-a, da iNOS mRNA.
Wannan yana nuna cewa Vilon na iya daidaita tsarin abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi a matakin rubutun kwayoyin halitta, ta haka yana rinjayar ci gaba da amsawar kumburi. Ko da yake Vilon ya bayyana yana inganta ɓoyayyun abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi, wannan tasirin talla na iya zama tsarin tsari a cikin hadaddun hanyar sadarwa na martani mai kumburi. Alal misali, matsakaicin ɓoye na abubuwan kumburi yana taimakawa wajen fara tsarin kariya na jiki don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran cututtuka masu cutarwa, kuma Vilon na iya daidaita daidaitattun matakan ɓoye na waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi don kula da su a matakin da ke sauƙaƙe ci gaban kumburi na al'ada ba tare da haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga jiki ba.
Abubuwan da za a iya haifar da su akan sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi: Bugu da ƙari ga macrophages, Vilon, a matsayin mai kula da tsarin rigakafi na multifunctional, na iya rinjayar sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi, a kaikaice shiga cikin tsarin rigakafi. Misali, yana iya haɓaka haɓakawa, kunnawa, da bambance-bambancen thymocytes. Thymus wuri ne mai mahimmanci don girma na T lymphocytes, kuma tasirin Vilon akan thymocytes na iya rinjayar lamba da aikin T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita tsarin rigakafi yayin amsawar kumburi, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan T lymphocytes waɗanda ke daidaita ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin kumburi ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar ɓoyewar cytokine. Ta hanyar rinjayar thymocytes, Vilon na iya daidaita aikin T lymphocyte a kaikaice, yana jagorantar shi zuwa yanayin daidaitawa. Bugu da ƙari, Vilon na iya haɓaka amsawar rigakafi na ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin splenic. Sawa yana da mahimmancin ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin jiki, kuma ƙwayoyin splenic suna shiga cikin matakai daban-daban na rigakafi, ciki har da samar da antibody. Haɓaka martanin rigakafi na humoral na ƙwayoyin splenic yana taimakawa jiki mafi kyawun amsawa ga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma rage kumburi da ke haifar da tsawan kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta. Vilon kuma yana haɓaka chemotaxis da phagocytosis na neutrophils. Neutrophils suna cikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi na farko da suka isa wurin kumburi. Ingantattun chemotaxis da iyawar phagocytic suna taimakawa da sauri share ƙwayoyin cuta da tarkace mai kumburi, ta haka yana rage kumburi.
Hasashen aikace-aikacen Vilon a cikin Cututtuka masu alaƙa da kumburi
Cututtuka masu kumburi na yau da kullun: Yawancin cututtuka na yau da kullun suna da alaƙa tare da ci gaba da amsa kumburi. A cikin cututtukan hanta, ƙumburi na yau da kullun shine muhimmin sashi a cikin ci gaban cirrhosis. Abubuwan anti-mai kumburi na Vilon sun sa ya zama wakili na warkewa don cututtukan cututtukan hanta na yau da kullun kamar cirrhosis. Ta hanyar daidaita abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi da masu shiga tsakani ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, zai iya rage lalacewar hanta da rage jinkirin ci gaban cirrhosis. A cikin cututtukan hanji na yau da kullun (irin su ulcerative colitis da cutar Crohn), hanjiyoyin suna cikin yanayin kumburi mai tsayi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga mucosa na hanji da kuma lalata ayyukan narkewar abinci da sha. Vilon na iya daidaita aikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi na hanji, inganta kwanciyar hankali a cikin microenvironment na hanji, rage lalacewa mai kumburi ga mucosa na hanji, kuma ta haka inganta alamun marasa lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin cututtuka na autoimmune irin su rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, tsarin rigakafi ya yi kuskure ya kai hari ga kyallen jikin jiki, yana haifar da kumburi mai tsanani da kuma haifar da ciwon haɗin gwiwa, kumburi, da kuma rashin aiki. Vilon na iya daidaita aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na rigakafi, daidaitaccen tsarin garkuwar jiki, rage martani mai kumburi a wuraren haɗin gwiwa, da kuma rage rashin jin daɗin marasa lafiya.
Hoto 2 Cytokines a cikin cututtukan hanta.
Amsa mai saurin kumburi: A cikin mummunan martanin kumburin da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta ko rauni, Vilon kuma yana da yuwuwar ƙimar aikace-aikacen. Misali, a cikin cututtuka masu tsanani na ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da ciwo na amsawar kumburi na tsarin jiki (SIRS), amsawar kumburin yana aiki da yawa, yana iya haifar da rashin aiki mai yawa. Vilon na iya daidaita aikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don hana yawan sakin abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi, rage lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da kumburi, da inganta ƙimar rayuwa na haƙuri. A cikin martanin kumburi na baya-bayan nan, Vilon na iya haɓaka aikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi a wurin rauni, yana hanzarta warkar da rauni. Zai iya inganta chemotaxis da phagocytosis na neutrophils, kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin necrotic daga wurin rauni, yayin da ke tsara ƙaddamar da matakan da suka dace na abubuwan da suka dace ta hanyar macrophages don inganta gyaran nama da farfadowa.
Kumburi da ke da alaƙa da ciwon sukari: Masu ciwon sukari galibi suna da ƙarancin kumburin ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke da alaƙa da rikice-rikicen ciwon sukari.
A cikin tsofaffi masu fama da ciwon sukari na 1, Vilon, a matsayin wani ɓangare na cikakkiyar magani, ba wai kawai inganta coagulation da hemostasis ba har ma yana daidaita tsarin rigakafi. Vilon na iya daidaita lamba da aiki na ƙwayoyin rigakafi, rage matakan cytokines da ke da alaƙa da kumburi, rage yanayin kumburi a cikin masu ciwon sukari, kuma ta haka ne rage haɗarin rikice-rikicen ciwon sukari. Ciwon ciwon suga yana daya daga cikin rikice-rikicen microvascular na ciwon sukari na yau da kullun, kuma kumburi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar. Vilon na iya rage jinkirin ci gaban retinopathy na ciwon sukari ta hanyar rage martanin kumburi a cikin ido.
Hanyoyin Hannun Hannun Maganin Ciwon Kumburi na Vilon
Tsarin hanyar siginar intracellular: Vilon na iya daidaita martanin kumburi ta hanyar tasiri hanyoyin siginar ciki. Akwai hanyoyin sigina da yawa masu alaƙa da kumburi a cikin sel, kamar hanyar siginar NF-κB. NF-κB shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci na rubutun da aka kunna a ƙarƙashin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ya shiga cikin kwayar halitta, kuma ya fara rubutun jerin kwayoyin halitta masu kumburi. Vilon na iya rage haɓakawa da ɓoyewar abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi ta hanyar hana kunna hanyar siginar NF-κB. Alal misali, Vilon na iya ɗaure ga masu karɓa a kan tantanin halitta, kunna ƙwayoyin siginar sigina na ƙasa, da kuma hana ayyukan NF-κB ta hanyar gyare-gyare irin su phosphorylation, hana shi shiga cikin kwayar halitta da kuma fara rubutun abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi. Hanyar siginar MAPK wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci a cikin martani mai kumburi, ciki har da rassa irin su ERK, JNK, da p38 MAPK. Vilon na iya tsara waɗannan rassan don yin tasiri ga maganganun ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da kumburi. Hana phosphorylation na p38 MAPK yana rage kira na abubuwan kumburi kamar TNF-a da IL-1β.
Hanyoyin sarrafa rigakafi: Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, Vilon yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan ƙwayoyin rigakafi daban-daban, wanda shine ɗayan mahimman hanyoyin hana kumburi. Ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakawa, bambance-bambance, da kunna thymocytes, Vilon na iya daidaita haɓaka da aikin T lymphocytes. Daban-daban subtypes na T lymphocytes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin amsawar kumburi: Kwayoyin Th1 da farko suna yin maganin rigakafi na salula, kwayoyin Th2 da farko suna yin rigakafi na jin dadi, kwayoyin Th17 suna da alaƙa da kumburi da cututtuka na autoimmune, kuma kwayoyin Tregs suna nuna tasirin immunosuppressive. Vilon yana daidaita ma'auni na waɗannan ƙananan nau'in lymphocyte na T, yana jagorantar martanin rigakafi na jiki zuwa alkiblar anti-mai kumburi. Haɓaka bambance-bambance da aiki na ƙwayoyin Tregs, hana wuce haddi na rigakafi da kumburi. Tasirin tallatawar Vilon akan martanin rigakafi na humoral a cikin sel splin yana taimaka wa jiki samar da ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da rage kumburi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin ka'idoji na Vilon akan neutrophils da macrophages kai tsaye suna rinjayar kariya ta rigakafi da ikon sarrafa kumburi a wurin kumburi.
Ka'idar magana ta Gene: Tsarin Vilon na bayanin kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan kumburi da masu shiga tsakani shine mahimmin tushe na tasirin cutar kansa. Ta hanyar dabaru irin su RT-PCR, an gano cewa Vilon na iya haɓakawa ko hana maganganun mRNA na takamaiman kwayoyin halitta. Zai iya inganta maganganun IL-1β, TNF-α, da iNOS mRNA, amma wannan tasirin talla yana iya zama tsarin daidaitawa mai kyau na amsawar kumburi a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Vilon na iya yin hulɗa tare da abubuwan rubutawa na cikin salula ko wasu abubuwan da suka dace don yin tasiri ga farawa, ƙididdigewa, da ƙarewar rubutun kwayoyin halitta. Hakanan yana iya daidaita haɗin sunadaran da ke da alaƙa da kumburi ta hanyar shafar kwanciyar hankali na mRNA da ingantaccen fassarar. Wannan ka'ida mai yawa na maganganun kwayoyin halitta yana ba da damar Vilon ya taka rawa a matakai daban-daban na amsawar kumburi, kiyaye ma'auni mai kumburi.
Kammalawa
A matsayin abu mai hana kumburi, Vilon yana da amfani don maganin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da kumburi.
Sources
[1] Husiev VM, Khapchenkova DS, Yermolenko S A. Amfanin amfani da peloidis a cikin marasa lafiya na shekarun haihuwa tare da cututtuka masu kumburi na ƙwayar mahaifa [J]. Acta Balneologica, 2024. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:270107068
[2] Kronborg TM, Ytting H, Hobolth L, et al. Novel Magungunan Maganin Ciwon Kumburi a cikin Cirrhosis. Nazari Bisa Adabi[J]. Iyaka a cikin Magunguna, 2021,8:718896.DOI:10.3389/fmed.2021.718896.
[3] Kuznik BI, Isakova NV, Kliuchereva NN, et al. [Tasirin vilon akan matsayin rigakafi da hemostasis coagulation a cikin marasa lafiya na shekaru daban-daban tare da ciwon sukari mellitus]. Ci gaba a Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologi, 2007,20 2:106-115.
[4] Bi K, Nv I, Nn K, et al. Tasirin vilon akan matsayin rigakafi da hemostasis coagulation a cikin marasa lafiya na shekaru daban-daban tare da ciwon sukari mellitus [J]. Ci gaba a Gerontology, 2007,20:106. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221168647.
Samfura akwai don amfani da bincike kawai:
