By Cocer Peptides 
1 ọnwa gara aga
Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.
Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.
N'ihe gbasara nkà mmụta ọgwụ na nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ, mmeghachi omume mkpali bụ mmeghachi omume nchebe dị mgbagwoju anya nke ahụ na ihe mkpali dị iche iche na-emerụ ahụ. Nzaghachi mkparị dị ukwuu ma ọ bụ nke a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nwere ike imebi ahụ ma bute ọtụtụ ọrịa. Vilon, dị ka ihe nwere ihe nhazi pụrụ iche na njirimara arụ ọrụ, egosipụtala ọrụ pụrụ iche na ikike ngwa na mmetụta mgbochi mkpali.
Ọgụgụ 1 Usoro Antioxidative.
Isi mmalite na ntọala Structral nke Vilon
Vilon bụ peptide bioactive nwere aha zuru oke L-Lys-L-Glu. Emebere ya dabere na ọgwụ Thymogen, nke nwere dipeptide L-Glu-L-Trp nwere ọrụ na-emegharị ahụ. N'afọ 1991, Morozov na Khavinson kewapụrụ Naturalthymic factor (NTFs) site na nwa ehi thymus, ma mesịa mepụta ọgwụ Thymalin dabere na NTF, nke a na-eji ọgwụgwọ eme ihe maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa immunodeficiency. Ka oge na-aga, site na iji chromatography mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe, Thymogen nwere dipeptide igodo dịpụrụ adịpụ na Thymalin, ma megharịa Vilon dabere na nke a. Usoro iwepụta usoro a site na ihe ndị sitere n'okike tọrọ ntọala maka ọrụ mgbochi mkpali pụrụ iche nke Vilon. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ usoro amino acid akọwapụtara, yana L-Lys (lysine) na L-Glu (glutamic acid) jikọtara ya na njikọ peptide. Ihe owuwu a na-enyere Vilon aka ka ya na ndị na-anata elu cell ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ intracellular na-emekọrịta ihe, si otú a na-amalite usoro nzaghachi mgbochi mkpali.
Mmetụta nchịkwa nke Vilon na mkpụrụ ndụ na-egbuke egbuke na ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke
Mmetụta na macrophages: Macrophages bụ mkpụrụ ndụ isi na nzaghachi mkpali. N'oge mbufụt, macrophages na-arụ ọrụ ma na-ezochi ihe dị iche iche pro-inflammatory na mkpali mediators. Vilon na-emetụta nke ọma na nzuzo nke pro-inflammatory IL-1β na TNF-α, yana onye ogbugbo mkpali NO, site na mouse peritoneal macrophages na-etinye aka na nzaghachi mkpali. Iji LPS-activated mouse primary cultured peritoneal macrophages dị ka njikwa dị mma, mgbe a na-ejikọta macrophages peritoneal mouse na Vilon na ntinye nke 0.1 μg / ml, 1 μg / ml, na 10 μg / mL, na LPS na 1 μg / mL, na LPS na 1 μg / mL, na LPS na 1 μg / mL, Vilon gosipụtara mmetụta nzuzo. Macrophages peritoneal òké arụnyere LPS, yana mmekọrịta dabere na dose. Nke a na-egosi na ka ntinye nke Vilon na-abawanye, ikike ya ịkwalite nzuzo nke ihe ndị a na-emetụta mkpali site na macrophages na-abawanye. Na mgbakwunye, Vilon kwalitekwara nkwupụta nke IL-1β, TNF-α, na iNOS mRNA.
Nke a na-egosi na Vilon nwere ike ịhazi njikọ nke ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke na ọkwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, si otú ahụ na-emetụta ọganihu nke mmeghachi omume mkpali. Ọ bụ ezie na Vilon na-egosi na ọ na-akwalite nzuzo nke ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke, mmetụta nkwado a nwere ike ịbụ usoro nhazi n'ime netwọk mgbagwoju anya nke nzaghachi mkpali. Dị ka ihe atụ, agafeghị oke secretion nke mkpali ihe na-enyere aka ibido nke dịghịzi echebe usoro nke anụ ahụ iji kpochapụ pathogens na ndị ọzọ na-emerụ akpali akpali, na Vilon nwere ike kpomkwem na-achịkwa secretion etoju nke ndị a mkpali ihe na-edobe ha na a larịị nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe na-aga n'ihu mkpali nkịtị na-enweghị ime ka oke mmebi ahụ na-emebi ahụ.
Mmetụta nwere ike na sel ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe: Na mgbakwunye na macrophages, Vilon, dị ka ihe na-achịkwa usoro mgbochi multifunctional, nwekwara ike imetụta mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na-ekere òkè na usoro mgbochi mkpali. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite mmụba, ịgbalite, na ọdịiche nke thymocytes. Thymus bụ ebe dị mkpa maka ntolite nke lymphocytes T, na mmetụta Vilon na thymocytes nwere ike imetụta ọnụọgụ na ọrụ nke T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi usoro mgbochi n'oge nzaghachi mkpali, na ụdị dị iche iche nke T lymphocytes na-achịkwa ike na ogologo oge nke mbufụt site na usoro dịka nzuzo cytokine. Site n'imetụta thymocytes, Vilon nwere ike gbanwee ọrụ T lymphocyte n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè, na-eduzi ya na nhazi nke mgbochi mkpali. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Vilon nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume mgbochi nke sel splenic dịkwuo mma. splin bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ n'ime ahụ, mkpụrụ ndụ splenic na-ekerekwa òkè na usoro mgbochi dị iche iche, gụnyere mmepụta ihe mgbochi. Ịkwalite mmeghachi omume mgbochi nke anụ ahụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ splenic na-enyere ahụ aka imeghachi omume nke ọma maka ọrịa nje na-ebelata mbufụt nke ọnụnọ nke nje na-adịte aka. Vilon na-akwalite chemotaxis na phagocytosis nke neutrophils. Neutrophils so na sel ndị mbụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ bịarutere na saịtị mbufụt. Ike chemotaxis na phagocytic emelitere na-enyere aka ikpochapụ ngwa ngwa pathogens na irighiri ihe mkpali, si otú a na-ebelata mbufụt.
Atụmanya ngwa nke Vilon na Ọrịa metụtara mbufụt
Ọrịa mgbu na-adịghị ala ala: Ọtụtụ ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala na-ejikọta ya na nzaghachi mkpali na-adịgide adịgide. Na ọrịa imeju, mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọganihu nke cirrhosis na-aga n'ihu. Njirimara mgbochi mkpali nke Vilon na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa maka ọrịa imeju na-adịghị ala ala dị ka cirrhosis. Site n'ịchịkwa ihe nzuzo nke ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke na ndị mgbasa ozi site na sel ndị na-egbuke egbuke, ọ nwere ike ibelata mmebi imeju na imeju na-eme ka ọganihu nke cirrhosis kwụsị. N'ọrịa afọ ọzịza na-adịghị ala ala (dị ka ọrịa ulcerative colitis na ọrịa Crohn), eriri afọ na-anọ n'ọnọdụ mkpali ogologo oge, na-eduga na mmebi nke mucosa intestinal na imebi ọrụ digestive na absorptive. Vilon nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke eriri afọ, na-akwalite nkwụsi ike na microenvironment intestinal, belata mkpali mmebi nke mucosa eriri afọ, wee si otú ahụ meziwanye mgbaàmà ndị ọrịa. Na mgbakwunye, na ọrịa autoimmune dị ka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-awakpo anụ ahụ nke ahụ n'ụzọ hiere ụzọ, na-ebute mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala na ịkpata mgbu nkwonkwo, ọzịza, na arụrụ ọrụ. Vilon nwere ike na-ahazi ọrụ cell nke na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, mezie usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, belata nzaghachi mkpali na mpaghara nkwonkwo, ma belata ahụ erughị ala ndị ọrịa.
Ọgụgụ 2 Cytokines na ọrịa imeju.
Nzaghachi mkpali dị ukwuu: Na nzaghachi mkpali dị ukwuu kpatara site na ọrịa ma ọ bụ trauma, Vilon nwekwara uru ngwa ngwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọrịa nje siri ike na-eduga na ọrịa mmeghachi omume mkpali nke sistemu (SIRS), mmeghachi omume mkpali na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu, nwere ike ịkpata arụrụ arụ ọtụtụ akụkụ ahụ. Vilon nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ mkpali iji gbochie oke mwepụta nke ihe ndị na-akpasu iwe, belata mmebi akụkụ ahụ na-ebute mbufụt, ma melite ọnụego ndụ onye ọrịa. Na nzaghachi mkpali nke post-traumatic, Vilon nwere ike ịkwalite ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ na saịtị ọnya, na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ ọnya dịkwuo elu. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite chemotaxis na phagocytosis nke neutrophils, na-ekpochapụ pathogens na anụ ahụ necrotic site na ebe ọnya ahụ, ebe ọ na-achịkwa nzuzo nke ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị nke ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke site na macrophages iji kwalite nrụzi anụ ahụ na ịmaliteghachi.
Ọrịa shuga metụtara ọrịa shuga: Ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-enwekarị mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala, nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na nsogbu ọrịa shuga.
N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 1 nke agadi, Vilon, dị ka akụkụ nke ọgwụgwọ zuru oke, ọ bụghị naanị na-ebuli coagulation na hemostasis, kamakwa na-eme ka usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ guzosie ike. Vilon nwere ike ịhazi ọnụọgụ na ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, belata ọkwa nke cytokines metụtara mbufụt, belata ọnọdụ mkpali na ndị ọrịa shuga, wee si otú ahụ belata ihe ize ndụ nke nsogbu ọrịa shuga. Ọrịa mamịrị retinopathy bụ otu n'ime nsogbu microvascular nkịtị nke ọrịa shuga, na mbufụt na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na pathogenesis ya. Vilon nwere ike belata ọganihu nke retinopathy na-arịa ọrịa shuga site na ibelata nzaghachi mkpali na anya.
Usoro nke Vilon's Anti-inflammatory Effects
Usoro nrịbama nke intracellular: Vilon nwere ike ịhazi nzaghachi mkpali site na imetụta ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular. Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ mgbaàmà metụtara mbufụt n'ime sel, dị ka ụzọ mgbaàmà NF-κB. NF-κB bụ isi ihe ntinye ederede nke na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru mkpali mkpali, na-abanye n'ime cell cell, ma malite nsụgharị nke usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke. Vilon nwere ike ibelata njikọ na nzuzo nke ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke site n'igbochi ntinye nke ụzọ mgbaàmà NF-κB. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Vilon nwere ike jikọta ya na ndị na-anabata ya n'elu sel, na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ ntụgharị mgbaàmà na-agbada ala, ma na-egbochi ọrụ NF-κB site na mgbanwe dị ka phosphorylation, na-egbochi ya ịbanye na cell cell na ịmalite nsụgharị nke ihe ndị na-akpali akpali. Ụzọ akara MAPK bụ ụzọ ọzọ dị mkpa na nzaghachi mkpali, gụnyere alaka ndị dị ka ERK, JNK, na p38 MAPK. Vilon nwere ike ịhazi alaka ndị a iji mee ka okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa metụtara mbufụt. Ịkwụsị phosphorylation nke p38 MAPK na-ebelata njikọ nke ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke dị ka TNF-a na IL-1β.
Usoro nchịkwa nke na-egbochi ọrịa: Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, Vilon nwere mmetụta nchịkwa na sel dị iche iche na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, nke bụ otu n'ime usoro mgbochi mkpali ya dị mkpa. Site n'ịkwalite mmụba, ọdịiche, na ịgbalite thymocytes, Vilon nwere ike ịhazi mmepe na ọrụ nke T lymphocytes. Ụdị dị iche iche nke T lymphocytes na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na nzaghachi mkpali: mkpụrụ ndụ Th1 na-ebute ụzọ nchebe cell, mkpụrụ ndụ Th2 na-ebute ụzọ mgbochi ihu ọchị, mkpụrụ ndụ Th17 na-ejikọta ya na mbufụt na ọrịa autoimmune, na mkpụrụ ndụ Tregs na-egosipụta mmetụta immunosuppressive. Vilon na-ahazi nguzozi nke subtypes T lymphocyte ndị a, na-eduzi nzaghachi mgbochi nke anụ ahụ na ntụziaka mgbochi mkpali. Na-akwalite ọdịiche na ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ Tregs, na-egbochi nzaghachi mgbochi na mbufụt. Mmetụta nkwado nke Vilon na nzaghachi mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma na sel splin na-enyere ahụ aka ịmepụta ọgwụ mgbochi dị irè karị iji kpochapụ nje na-egbu egbu ma belata mbufụt nke ọrịa nje na-akpata. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mmetụta nchịkwa nke Vilon na neutrophils na macrophages na-emetụta nchebe nchebe na ikike nchịkwa mkpali na saịtị nke mbufụt.
Usoro okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa: Usoro Vilon nke usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa metụtara ihe mkpali na ndị mgbasa ozi mkpali bụ isi ntọala nke mmetụta mgbochi mkpali ya. Site na usoro dị ka RT-PCR, a chọpụtala na Vilon nwere ike ịkwalite ma ọ bụ gbochie okwu mRNA nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite nkwupụta nke IL-1β, TNF-α, na iNOS mRNA, ma mmetụta nkwado a nwere ike ịbụ usoro nhazi nke ọma nke mmeghachi omume mkpali n'okpuru ụfọdụ microenvironments na-egbuke egbuke. Vilon nwere ike na-emekọrịta ihe na ntinye ederede intracellular ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa iji metụta mmalite, ọnụego, na nkwụsị nke ndegharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ọ nwekwara ike ịhazi njikọ nke protein ndị metụtara mkpasu iwe site na imetụta nkwụsi ike mRNA na arụmọrụ ntụgharị asụsụ. Usoro nhazi nke ọtụtụ ọkwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-enyere Vilon aka ịrụ ọrụ na ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmeghachi omume mkpali, na-ejigide nguzozi ọkụ.
Mmechi
Dị ka ihe mgbochi mkpali, Vilon bara uru maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ndị metụtara mkpali.
Isi mmalite
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[3] Kuznik BI, Isakova NV, Kliuchereva NN, et al. [Mmetụta nke vilon na ọnọdụ mgbochi na coagulation hemostasis na ndị ọrịa nke afọ dị iche iche nwere ọrịa shuga mellitus]. Ọganiru na Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologi, 2007,20 2:106-115.
[4] Bi K, Nv I, Nn K, et al. Mmetụta nke vilon na ọnọdụ mgbochi yana hemostasis coagulation na ndị ọrịa nọ n'afọ ndụ dị iche iche nwere ọrịa shuga mellitus[J]. Ọganiru na Gerontology, 2007,20:106 . https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221168647.
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