SS31 30mg

▎ SS-31 Hoʻolālā

▎ ʻImi SS-31

He aha ke kumu noiʻi o SS-31?

ʻO SS-31 kahi peptide opioid i loaʻa mai ka pheromone peptide. Ua ʻike mua ʻia i ka wā o ka noiʻi ʻenehana o ka pheromone peptide, e hōʻike ana i nā hopena analgesic ikaika a me ka permeability membrane cell maikaʻi loa, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant peptide SS-311. ʻO kāna kumu noiʻi pili pū kekahi i nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka mitochondrial dysfunction. Ma ke 'ano he 'powerhouse' o ke kelepona, pili ka mitochondrial dysfunction i ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka holomua o nā maʻi like ʻole, e like me ka ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative maʻi, puʻuwai naʻau, a me ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻiʻo, ʻo ia mau mea a pau e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka excessive free radical production. Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻo SS-31 i ke kaumaha oxidative a pale i ka hana mitochondrial.

He aha ka hana o ka SS-31?

Hoʻoponopono i nā waiwai electrostatic ili o ka membrane: 

Hoʻopili ʻo SS-31 me ka membrane mitochondrial, e hoʻololi ana i nā waiwai electrostatic o ka ʻili o ka membrane e hoʻoikaika i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ion a me nā protein kumu ma ka interface membrane. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka SS-31 ke hoʻololi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā cations divalent i ka ʻāpana o ka membrane, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ke kaumaha o ka ikehu o ke koʻikoʻi calcium mitochondrial a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa membrane mitochondrial ^[1,2].

Ka hopena o ka hoʻonohonoho lipid: 

Hiki i kēia peptide ke hoʻohuli i nā loli i ka hoʻonohonoho lipid. ʻOiaiʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaunaele i ka paʻa o ka bilayer i nā manaʻo paʻa kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i nā kaʻina hana physiological pili i ka mitochondrial membrane, e like me ka hana protein membrane a me ka fluidity membrane, a laila e hoʻoikaika i ka hana mitochondrial ^[1,2].

Ka pale ʻana i nā pane inflammatory: 

I loko o nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka sepsis, ua ʻike ʻia ka SS-31 e hōʻemi i nā mea inflammatory e like me interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a me ka tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), a laila e hoʻēmi i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e nā pane inflammatory i nā ʻiʻo a me nā kino ^[3].

Hoʻemi i ke kaumaha oxidative: 

Hiki i ka SS-31 ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o nā enzyme antioxidant e like me ka superoxide dismutase (SOD) a me ka glutathione peroxidase, e hoʻemi i nā pae o nā huahana oxidative e like me malondialdehyde (MDA), a hoʻemi i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano oxygen reactive (ROS), a laila e hoʻemi i ka pōʻino o ka oxidative stress-induced i nā cell a me nā ʻiʻo a pale i nā hana maʻamau o mitochondria.^[3] .

Hoʻoponopono i ka dinamika mitochondrial: 

I nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka encephalopathy pili i ka sepsis, hiki i ka SS-31 ke kāohi i ka hoʻoulu nui ʻana o nā protein pili i ka mitochondrial fission e like me ka dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), hoʻemi i ka fission mitochondrial nui, mālama i ka morphology mitochondrial maʻamau a me ka hana, a laila hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana cognitive ^[4] .

Kiʻi 1. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka mīkini antioxidant o Szeto-Schiller-31 (SS-31) ^[5].

Puna: MDPI

He aha nā hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o SS-31?

Nā hana

Nā hopena pale kelepona: 

I loko o kahi hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) i hoʻoulu ʻia i ke kumu hoʻopōʻino oxidative stress o ARPE-19 cell, hiki i ka SS-31 ke hoʻonui i ka helu ola ola, hoʻemi i ka ʻike intracellular ROS, mālama i ka hiki o ka membrane mitochondrial, a haʻahaʻa i ka make o ka cell cell, e hōʻike ana i nā hopena pale nui i nā cell i hōʻino ʻia e ke kaumaha oxidative.

Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ke kino  

Naʻau: Ma nā ʻano holoholona o ka myocardial ischemia-reperfusion ʻeha, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana me SS-31 ma mua o ka reperfusion i hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o ka myocardial infarct, me ka maikaʻi e pili pono me ke koʻikoʻi o ka myocardial ischemia; i loko o ka manawa ischemic, ua ho'ēmiʻo SS-31 i ka'āpana kaheʻole i ka'āpana myocardial hypoperfused a hoʻonui i ka hopena a me ka paʻakikī o nā arrhythmias. I loko o ka sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, SS-31 hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i ka pōʻino morphological myocardial, keʻakeʻa i nā pane inflammatory, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nele o ka ikehu myocardial, mālama i ka hiki o ka membrane mitochondrial, a pale i ka naʻau mai ka pōʻino ^[3].

Māmā: Hiki i ka SS-31 ke hoʻemi i ka exudation inflammatory a me ka edema i loko o ka ʻiʻo māmā, nā helu histology haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻoponopono i nā mea inflammatory a me nā hōʻailona pili i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻeha ʻeha o ka maʻi.

ʻO Brain: Hiki i ka hoʻokele intraperitoneal hoʻomau o SS-31 ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana cognitive a me ka helu ola i nā ʻiole, e hoʻemi i ka mumū hippocampal, hana ROS, a me ka hyperdivision mitochondrial. I loko o kahi kiʻi kiʻi kahiko, SS-31 ka mālama ʻana i nā loli i ka microvascular proteome o ka cerebral cortex, e pili ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā protein pili i ka mitochondrial, a loaʻa kekahi hopena ameliorative i nā loli microvascular pili makahiki i ka lolo ^[4,6].

Nā noi

ʻO nā maʻi cardiovascular: 

Hāʻawi ʻia i kāna mau hopena pale i ka myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury a me ka sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, SS-31 paʻa i ka waiwai noi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular, me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea lapaʻau hou no nā kūlana e like me ka myocardial infarction a me ka cardiomyopathy i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka sepsis ^[3].

Nā maʻi ʻāʻī: 

No ka ʻeha ʻeha o ka ʻōpū ma muli o ka sepsis, hiki i ka SS-31 ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mumū a me ke koʻikoʻi oxidative, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ka māmā a hāʻawi i nā koho lapaʻau hou no nā poʻe maʻi me ka ʻeha ʻeha o ka maʻi.

Nā maʻi neurological: 

I loko o ka encephalopathy pili i ka sepsis a me nā maʻi neurological e pili ana i ka makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻo SS-31 i ka hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana cognitive, e hōʻike ana i kona hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi neurological e like me ka maʻi o Alzheimer a me ka post-sepsis cognitive impairment ^[4,6].

Atherosclerosis: 

Ma muli o kona hopena lapaʻau ma ApoE gene-knockout atherosclerotic rats, SS-31 hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi atherosclerotic ma o ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ke kaumaha oxidative a me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi.

Ka hopena

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo SS-31 kahi peptide antioxidant mitochondrial-targeted e hoʻoponopono i nā waiwai electrostatic surface membrane, ke kāohi i ka mumū, hoʻemi i ke kaumaha oxidative, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mitochondrial dynamics. Mālama ʻo ia i nā kino e like me ka puʻuwai, ʻāmāmā, a me ka lolo, hoʻēmi i ka ʻeha ischemia-reperfusion a me ka pōʻino pili i ka sepsis, hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule cellular, a loaʻa kekahi mau hopena therapeutic i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular, neurological, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, a me ke atherosclerosis.

No ka mea kakau

ʻO nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ua noiʻi ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e Cocer Peptides.

Mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema

ʻO Broome, ʻo Sophie C e pili ana me ke Kulanui Katolika Australian a me ke Kulanui o ʻAmelika. ʻO kāna noiʻi e pili ana i nā ʻano aʻoaʻo, e komo pū me Sport Science, Physiology, Nutrition & Dietetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, a me Neurosciences & Neurology. Ke noiʻi nei ʻo ia i nā hopena o ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka hana kino a me ke olakino, e nānā ana i nā pane physiological a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana kino. Ua ʻimi pū ʻo Broome i ka pilina ma waena o ka meaʻai a me ke olakino, a me nā noi o ka biochemistry a me ka biology molecular i ka ʻepekema hoʻoikaika kino. Hoʻohui hou kāna hana ma ka neurosciences a me ka neurology i ko mākou hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve a me nā maʻi e pili ana, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka ʻepekema haʻuki a me ka noiʻi olakino. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Broome, Sophie C ma ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi [5].

▎ Nā ʻōlelo pili

[1] Mitchell W, Ng EA, Tamucci JD, et al. Hoʻopaʻa ka peptide SS-31 i ka mitochondria i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā bilayers lipid a hoʻololi i nā electrostatics ma ke ʻano he mea nui o kāna hana hana [J]. Nūpepa o ke Kemika Ola, 2020,295(21):7452-7469.DOI:10.1074/jbc.RA119.012094.

[2] Mitchell W, Ng EA, Tamucci JD, et al. Molecular Mechanism of Action of Mitochondrial Therapeutic SS-31 (Elamipretide): Membrane Interactions and Effects on Surface Electrostatics[J]. Biorxiv, 2019. DOI:10.1101/735001.

[3] Liu Y, Yang W, Sun X, et al. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo SS31 i ka ʻeha o ka naʻau i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka Sepsis ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka pilikia oxidative a me ka hoʻomāmā [J]. ʻAha, 2019,42(6):2170-2180.DOI:10.1007/s10753-019-01081-3.

[4] Zhong L, Ren X, Ai Y, et al. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo SS-31 i ka hana Cognitive i ka Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka Drp1-NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation [J]. Neuromolecular Medicine, 2023,25 (2): 230-241. DOI:10.1007/s12017-022-08730-1.

[5] ʻO Broome SC, Woodhead JST, Merry T L. Nā Antioxidants i koho ʻia i ka Mitochondria a me ka hana o ka ʻiʻo iwi [J]. Nā Antioxidants, 2018,7(8}, ARTICLE-NUMBER ={107).DOI:10.3390/antiox7080107.

[6] ʻO Rutkai I, Seman A, Chandra P, et al. ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi o SS-31 ma luna o ka ʻiole cerebral microvasculature [J]. Physiology, 2023,38.DOI:10.1152/physiol.2023.38.S1.5734232.

ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.  

ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a maʻi paha. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.