SS31 30mg we yu de yuz

▎ SS-31 Struktrɔ

▎ SS-31 Risach

Wetin na di risach bakgrɔn fɔ SS-31?

SS-31 na opioid pεptida we kכmכt frכm fεromon pεptida. fכs dεn bin diskכv am di tεm we dεn bin de du mεkanik stכdi dεm pan fεromon pεptida, we de sho strכng analgesic ifekt dεm εn εksεlεnt sεl mεmbran pεrmiabiliti, we de lid to di idεntifikεshכn fכ di maytochכndrial-tכgεt antioksidant pεptida SS-311. di risεch bakgrכn we i de du de riliyt bak wit stכdi dεm pan sik dεm we de sho se di maytochכndrial dεn nכ de wok fayn. as di 'pawa haus' fכ di sεl, di maytochכndrial disfכnkshכn de sho se difrεn sik dεm de bigin εn di prכgreshכn, lεk ischemia-riperfyushכn injuri, nyurodijεnεraytiv sik dεm, at fεil, εn mכsul dεm we de ol, כl dεm de riliyt to כksidεtiv strεs we kכz fכ fכ prodyuz fri radikal pasmak. SS-31 de εfεktivli εliviayt כksidεtiv strεs εn protεkt di maytochכndrial fכnshכn.

Wetin na di we aw SS-31 de wok?

Rεgulεt mεmbran sεfεs εlektrostatik prכpati dεm: 

SS-31 de intarakt wit di maytochכndrial mεmbran, we de altεr di ilektrostatik prכpati dεm na di mεmbran sεf fכ infכlכ di distribushכn fכ ayכn dεm εn bεsik protin dεm na di mεmbran intafεys. stכdi dεn sho se SS-31 kin altεr di distribushכn fכ divalεnt kεshכn dεm na di mεmbran intafεys rijyכn, we de ridyus di enεji bכdεn fכ di maytochכndrial kכlsyכm strεs εn mεnten di maytochכndrial mεmbran stεbiliti ^[1,2]..

Influεns di lipid arenjmεnt: 

dis pεptida kin indyuz rivεrsibl chenj dεm na di lipid arenjmεnt. pan tap we i nכ de disrupt di stεbiliti fכ di bilayεr pan hכy binding kכnsantreshכn, i kin indaykt infכmeshכn di maytochכndrial mεmbran-rεlatεd fysiolojikal prכsεs dεm, lεk di mεmbran protin fכnshכn εn mεmbran fכluiditi, we de mek i gεt positifu ifekt pan di maytochכndrial fכnshכn ^[1,2]..

Inhibishכn fכ inflammatory rεspכns dεm: 

insay stכdi dεm we riliyt to sεpsis, dεn fכnshכn se SS-31 de ridyus inflammatory fכktכ dεm lεk intalyukin-6 (IL-6), intalyukin-1β (IL-1β), εn tכmכr nεkrכsis fכktכ -α (TNF-α), we de mek i sכmtεm di damej we inflammatory rεspכns to tisu dεm εn כgan dεm de kכz ^[3]..

Ridyus ɔksidativ strɛs: 

SS-31 kin εnhans di aktiviti fכ antioksidant εnzym dεm lεk supεrכksayd dismutase (SOD) εn glutathione pεrכksidεz, ridyus di lεvεl dεm fכ כksidεtiv prodakt lεk malondialdehyde (MDA), εn dεn de dכn di prodakshכn fכ riaktiv כksijεn spεshal (ROS), we de mek i sכmtεm di כksidεtiv strεs-indyuz damej to sεl dεm εn tisu dεm εn protεkt di nכmal fכnshכn dεm fכ mitochondria εn sεl dεm ^[3] .

rεgulεt di maytochכndrial dynamics: 

insay stכdi dεm pan sεpsis-asכsiet εnεsεfalopathy, SS-31 kin inhεbit di εksyכs aktibכshכn fכ di maytochכndrial fishכn-rεlatεd protin dεm lεk dynamin-rεlatεd protin 1 (Drp1), rεdכks pasmak maytochכndrial fishכn, mεnten nכmal maytochכndrial mכfכlכji εn fכnshכn, εn dat de impruv di kכgnitiv fכnshכn ^[4]. .

Figure 1. Akyumyuleshכn εn antioksidant mεkanism fכ Szeto-Schiller-31 (SS-31) ^{[5] .}.

Sos: MDPI

Wetin na di wok ɛn aplikeshɔn dɛn we SS-31 de du?

Fɔnkshɔn dɛn

Di tin dɛn we di sɛl dɛn kin protɛkt: 

insay wan haydrojen pεrכksayd (H2O2) indyuz כksidεtiv strεs dεmεj mכdel fכ ARPE-19 sεl dεm, SS-31 kin inkrεs sεl sכvayv rεt, ridyus intasεlulyar ROS kכntεnt, mεnten maytochכndrial mεmbran pכtεnshal, εn lכw sεl dεd rεt, we de sho sכm protεktiv ifekt pan sεl dεm we כksidεtiv strεs dεm dεm.

Fɔ mek di ɔgan dɛn wok fayn fayn wan  

At: Insay animal mכdel dεm fכ mayokardial ischemia-riperfyushכn injuri, prεtritmεnt wit SS-31 bifo riperfyushכn sכmtεm rεdכks mayokardial infarkt saiz, wit efikכs pכsitiv kכrεlat wit di siriכs fכ mayokardial ischemia; di tεm we di ischemic pεriכd de, SS-31 rεdכks di nכ-fכ zon na di haypoperfyuz mayokardial εria εn impruv di insidεns εn siriכs fכ aritmia. insay sepsis-induse mayokardial disfכnkshכn, SS-31 kin rεstכr di mayokardial mכfכlכjik dεmεj, inhεbit inflammatory rεspכns, impruv di mayokardial εnεji dεfisiεns, mεnten di maytochכndrial mεmbran pכtεnshal, εn protεkt di at frכm damej ^[3]..

di lכng dεm: SS-31 kin ridyus inflammatory εksudashכn εn εdima na di lכng tisu, lכs di lכng histכlכji skכ, rεgεl inflammatory fכktכ dεm εn כksidεtiv strεs-rεlatεd indikεtכ dεm, εn impruv akyu lכng injuri.

Bren: we yu de kכntinyu fכ injεkshכn SS-31 insay pεritoneal i kin impruv di kכgnitiv fכnshכn εn di rεt fכ sכvayv insay mays, i kin ridyus di hipokamp inflameshn, ROS prodakshכn, εn mitochondrial haypadivishכn. insay wan ol maws mכdel, SS-31 tritmεnt de indyuz chenj dεm na di maykrovaskular proteom fכ di sεribra kכtεks, we de afekt di εksprεshכn fכ di maytochכndrial-rεlatεd protin dεm, εn i gεt sכm ameliorativ ifekt pan εj-rεlatεd maykrovaskular chenj dεm na di bren ^[4,6]..

Aplikeshɔn dɛn

Di sik dɛn we kin apin to di at ɛn di blɔd: 

giv in protεktiv ifekt dεm εgεst mayokardial ischemia-rεpεrfyushכn injuri εn sepsis-indyus mayokardial disfכnkshכn, SS-31 hכl pכtεnshal aplikεshכn valyu in di prεvεnshכn εn tritmεnt fכ kכdivaskyul sik dεm, wit di pכtεnshal fכ divεlכp as nyu tεrapi ejen fכ kכndishכn dεm lεk mayokardial infarkshכn εn sεpsis-indyus kadyomayopathy ^{[3] .}.

Di sik dɛn we kin apin na di pulmonari: 

fכ akyu lכng injuri we sepsis kכz, SS-31 kin bi wan ifektiv tεrapi ejen bay we i de ridyus inflameshn εn כksidεtiv strεs, we de mek di lכng fכnshכn bεtεh εn fכ gi nyu tritmεnt opshכn to pasεn dεm we gεt akyu lכng injuri.

Nyurolɔjik sik dɛn: 

insay sepsis-associated encephalopathy εn ej-rilayt nyurolכjik sik dεm, SS-31 dכn sho di abiliti fכ impruv di kכgnitiv fכnshכn, we sho se i pכtεnshal fכ divεlכp in di tritmεnt fכ nyurolכjik sik dεm lεk Alzaima sik εn post-sepsis kכgnitiv impεryans ^[4,6]..

Atɛrosklɛrosis: . 

biכs fכ in tεrapi ifekt dεm pan ApoE jin-kכkכt atεrosklεrotik rat dεm, SS-31 gεt pכtεnshal fכ aplikεshכn insay di tritmεnt fכ atεrosklεrotik sik dεm bay we i de εliviet כksidεtiv strεs εn slo di sik prכgreshכn.

Dɔn

fכ sכmari, SS-31 na maytochכndrial-tכgεt antioksidant pεptida we de rεgεl di mεmbran sεf εlektrostatik prכpati dεm, inhεbit inflameshn, ridyus כksidεtiv strεs, εn impruv maytochכndrial dinamiks. I de protεkt כgan dεm lεk di at, lכng, εn bren, i de mek di ischemia-reperfusion injury εn sepsis-related damage, delay di sεl dεm we de ol, εn i gεt sכm tεrapi ifekt dεm fכ prεvεnt εn trit di sik dεm we de kכmכt na di at, nyurolכjik, εn כda sistεm sik dεm, εn bak atεrosklεrosis.

Bɔt di pɔsin we rayt di buk

Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt ɔp, na ɔl di tin dɛn we Cocer Peptides dɔn du risach, ɛdit ɛn kɔmpilayt.

Sayɛns Jɔnal Author

Broome, Sophie C gɛt fɔ du wit di Ɔstrelia Katolik Yunivasiti ɛn di Yunivasiti ɔf Ɔkland. In risach de span sɔm disiplin dɛm, lɛk Spɔt Sayns, Fisiɔlɔji, Nyutrishɔn & Daytɛtiks, Bayokɛmistri & Mɔlikul Bayoloji, ɛn Nyurosayns & Nyurɔlɔji. I de invɛstigat di ifɛkt dɛm we ɛksɛsayz gɛt pan di bɔdi wok ɛn wɛlbɔdi, i de chɛk di fisiɔlɔjik rispɔns dɛm ɛn di adapteshɔn dɛm to fyzikal aktiviti. Brum de εksplכr bak di rilayshכn bitwin nyutrishכn εn hεlth, εn di aplikεshכn dεm fכ bayokεmistri εn mכlikul bayoloji insay εksεsayz sayns. Di wok we i de du pan nyurosayns ɛn nyurolɔji de ad mɔ pan wi ɔndastandin bɔt di nervɔs sistɛm in wok ɛn di prɔblɛm dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit am, we de gi valyu tiori ɛn prɛktikal tin dɛn fɔ no bɔt spɔt sayɛns ɛn wɛlbɔdi risach. Broome, Sophie C de list in di rεfrεns כf saytεshכn [5].

▎ Saytayshɔn dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit dis

[1] Mitchell W, Ng E. A., Tamucci J. D., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. di maytochכndria-tכgεt pεptida SS-31 de biεn lipid bilayεr dεm εn mכdulet sכfayz εlektrostatiks as wan kכmכpכnt fכ in mεkanism fכ akshכn[J]. J ɔ rnal ov Bayolojikal K ɛ mistri, 2020,295(21):7452-7469.DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.012094.

[2] Mitchell W, Ng E. A., Tamucci J. D., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. Mכlikul Mεkanism כf Akshכn כf Maytochכndrial Tεrapyutik SS-31 (Elamipretide): Mεmbran Intarakshכn εn Ifεkt pan Surface Ilektrostatik[J]. Biorxiv, 2019. D ɔ i: 10.1101/735001.

[3] Liu Y, Yang W, Sun X, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. SS31 de Amelioret Sepsis-Induse Hat Injuri bay we i de Inhibit Oksidativ Stres εn Inflameshn[J]. Inflameshn, 2019, 42 (6): 2170-2180.DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01081-3.

[4] Zhong L, Ren X, Ai Y, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. SS-31 de impruv di kכgnitiv Fכnshכn in Sεpsis-Asכsiet εnεsεfalopati bay we i de Inhibit di Drp1-NLRP3 Inflammasome Aktivεshכn[J]. Nyuromɔlikul Mɛdisin, 2023,25(2):230-241. DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08730-1.

[5] Broome SC, Woodhead JST, Merry T L. Maytochכndria-Tכgεt Antioksidant εn Skel mכsul Fכnshכn[J]. Antioksidant, 2018,7(8},ATIKUL-NƆMBA ={107).DOI:10.3390/antiox7080107.

[6] Rutkai I, Seman A, Chandra P, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. di bεnεfit ifekt dεm we SS-31 gεt pan di ol mays dεm sεribral maykrovaskulεchכ[J]. Fisioloji, 2023,38.DOI:10.1152/fysiol.2023.38.S1.5734232.

ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.  

Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.