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1 khoom (10Vials)
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▎ HMG Structure
Source: PubChem |
Molecular Formula: C 9H 18O Molecular Luj: 142.24 g / mol CAS Nr .: 61489-71-2 PubChem CID: 21888462 Synonyms: Tib neeg Menopausal Gonadotropin; 6,6-dimethylheptanal; Menotrophin; Menotropin |
▎ HMG Kev Tshawb Fawb
Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm HMG yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Early Reproductive Endocrine Theory
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov kws tshawb fawb maj mam paub txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob endocrine hauv kev tswj hwm tib neeg lub cev lub cev. Nrog rau qhov kev tshawb fawb tob tob ntawm kev ua me nyuam physiology, tib neeg pib nkag siab tias gonadotropins secreted los ntawm pituitary caj pas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho gonads thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam. Qhov no tau tso lub hauv paus theoretical rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tom ntej thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm HMG.
Lub Discovery ntawm HMG
Nyob rau xyoo 1930, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov zis ntawm cov poj niam postmenopausal muaj ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm gonads. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, los ntawm bioassays, nws tau pom tias kev txhaj tshuaj tso zis ntawm cov poj niam postmenopausal rau hauv cov tsiaj sim tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsiaj gonads. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau pib tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj gonadotropin hauv cov zis ntawm cov poj niam postmenopausal.
Tom qab xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem purification, nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1950s uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav cov tshuaj nrog gonadotropin kev ua los ntawm cov zis ntawm cov poj niam postmenopausal thiab hu ua Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG).
Qhov chaw ntawm HMG
HMG feem ntau yog muab los ntawm cov zis ntawm cov poj niam postmenopausal. Tom qab lub cev tsis muaj zog, lub zes qe menyuam ua haujlwm ntawm cov poj niam poob qis, thiab cov tshuaj estrogen txo qis. Cov kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo ntawm lub hypothalamus-pituitary axis tsis muaj zog, ua rau muaj kev nce hauv kev tso tawm ntawm gonadotropins los ntawm pituitary caj pas, suav nrog Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) thiab Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Cov tshuaj hormones no tau tawm mus rau hauv cov zis los ntawm ob lub raum. Yog li ntawd, HMG tuaj yeem muab rho tawm thiab ua kom huv los ntawm cov zis ntawm cov poj niam postmenopausal.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb los ntawm Kev Kho Mob Xav Tau
Nrog rau kev nkag siab tob tob ntawm HMG, nws cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob tau maj mam tshwm sim. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj ntau yam kev ua menyuam yaus tshwm sim los ntawm hypogonadism hauv kev kho mob, xws li poj niam ovulation teeb meem thiab txiv neej hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm HMG muab txoj kev kho tshiab rau cov kab mob no.
Lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm HMG yog dab tsi?
Stimulating Follicular Development:
Txhawb kev loj hlob Follicular:
HMG muaj cov tshuaj Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) thiab Luteinizing Hormone (LH). FSH ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho follicular. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov hauv paus hauv paus hauv lub zes qe menyuam kom loj hlob mus rau hauv cov follicles thawj, thiab ntxiv mus rau hauv cov follicles thib ob thiab cov follicles paub tab. Los ntawm kev khi rau cov receptors ntawm granulosa hlwb ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, FSH activates intracellular signaling txoj kev, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab sib txawv, thiab ua rau kom cov synthesis ntawm estrogen nyob rau hauv lub follicles. Kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen, nyob rau hauv lem, txhawb kev qhia ntawm FSH receptors, tsim ib tug zoo tswv yim mechanism uas ntxiv txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus [1].
Kev tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm Follicular Loj hlob:
LH ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov theem tom qab ntawm kev txhim kho follicular. Nws khi rau cov receptors ntawm theca hlwb ntawm cov follicles thiab txhawb cov synthesis ntawm androgens. Androgens hloov mus rau hauv estrogen nyob rau hauv lub granulosa hlwb, ntxiv txhawb kev loj hlob thiab maturation ntawm lub follicles. LH tivthaiv hauv HMG tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov sib piv ntawm FSH thiab LH, tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm follicular, thiab tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau lossis tsis txaus stimulation [1].
Inducing ovulation:
Ua rau Ovulation txheej txheem:
Thaum cov follicles paub tab, LH tivthaiv hauv HMG tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem ovulation. Lub ncov ntawm LH yuav ua rau lub rupture ntawm lub follicular phab ntsa thiab tso tawm ntawm mature qe. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, LH tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim cov corpus luteum, uas secretes progesterone, muab qhov chaw tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qe fertilized thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo [1].
Kev tswj cov kab mob endocrine:
Kev cuam tshuam txog qib Hormone:
HMG cuam tshuam cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov poj niam lub cev los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm zes qe menyuam. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj cov tshuaj estrogen, progesterone, thiab androgens, thiab cov tshuaj hormones no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov poj niam lub cev xeeb tub, cov pob txha, cov hlab plawv, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, estrogen tuaj yeem tswj cov haujlwm ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kho endometrium, thiab tiv thaiv osteoporosis; progesterone tuaj yeem tswj kev xeeb tub thiab tswj kev coj khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam. [1].
Kev tswj hwm kev tawm tswv yim:
Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kab mob endocrine los ntawm HMG kuj suav nrog kev tawm tswv yim kev tswj hwm txoj cai. Thaum cov tshuaj hormones nyob rau hauv lub cev nce, lub hypothalamus thiab pituitary caj pas yuav raug inhibited los ntawm secreting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), FSH, thiab LH los ntawm ib tug tsis zoo tswv yim mechanism, yog li tswj cov tshuaj hormone secretion thiab tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm endocrine system [1].
Lub sij hawm teev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tshuaj hormones thiab kuaj pom estrus hauv pawg kawm.
Source: PubMed [3]
Cov ntawv thov ntawm HMG yog dab tsi?
1. Poj niam Infertility Muaj feem xyuam rau Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH)
HMG tuaj yeem siv los kho tus poj niam infertility los ntawm IHH. Los ntawm kev muab FSH thiab LH, HMG tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm follicular thiab ovulation, yog li pab cov neeg mob ua tiav cev xeeb tub los yog cev xeeb tub los ntawm kev pabcuam kev ua menyuam yaus. Rau cov neeg mob uas tsis teb zoo rau cov lus pom zoo ntawm HMG, kev siv tshuaj HMG siab lossis ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj (xws li letrozole) tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los txhim kho cov lus teb follicular [2].
2. Kev Kho Mob ntawm Qhov Ncauj Qis Qis Qis Qis Qis (DOR)
Rau cov poj niam uas txo qis ntawm zes qe menyuam cia, HMG tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm follicular los ntawm kev muab ntau dua ntawm FSH, yog li ua rau muaj kev xeeb tub.
3. Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Kev Tswj ntawm Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
Hauv kev pabcuam kev ua menyuam yaus, kev siv HMG yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS). Los ntawm kev kho cov koob tshuaj thiab saib xyuas kev txhim kho follicular, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm OHSS tuaj yeem txo qis.
4. Kev kho tus txiv neej Infertility
HMG muaj Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) thiab Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Lub luag haujlwm ntawm FSH nws muab tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tubules seminiferous hauv cov qe ntshav thiab txhawb cov spermatogenesis. FSH ua rau Sertoli hlwb nyob rau hauv lub testis, txhawb cov Sertoli hlwb kom secrete androgen-binding protein, ua kom cov concentration ntawm androgens nyob rau hauv lub testis, thiab muab ib tug haum ib puag ncig rau spermatogenesis. Tib neeg Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) ua raws li lub luag haujlwm ntawm LH thiab txhawb nqa Leydig hlwb hauv cov qog kom zais cov testosterone. Testosterone yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej thiab plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov txiv neej theem nrab kev sib deev yam ntxwv thiab spermatogenic muaj nuj nqi. Qhov siab ntawm testosterone tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab tso cov phev. Kev siv ua ke ntawm HMG thiab Tib Neeg Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm FSH thiab LH hauv lub cev thiab sib koom ua ke txhawb nqa spermatogenesis. Txoj kev kho mob ua ke no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib daj sib deev hauv cov qog ntshav, txhim kho cov spermatogenic ib puag ncig, thiab ua rau kom muaj nuj nqis thiab zoo ntawm cov phev.
5. Cov ntawv thov hauv Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Txhawb nqa Superovulation:
Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem superovulation rau yaj, txhaj tshuaj HMG ib hnub ib zaug thiab txhaj tshuaj Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) ob zaug ib hnub rau plaub hnub tuaj yeem tsim cov lus teb zoo sib xws superovulation thiab cov txiaj ntsig hloov embryo [1] . Qhov no txhais tau hais tias HMG tuaj yeem hloov FSH thiab txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj, muab kev xaiv ua tau rau cov txheej txheem superovulation ntawm cov tsiaj.
Nyob rau hauv tib neeg pab kev ua me nyuam technologies, HMG kuj yog lug siv los txhawb lub zes qe menyuam ovulation. Los ntawm stimulating txoj kev loj hlob ntawm follicles nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam, nws ua rau kom tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe paub tab thiab txhim kho txoj kev xeeb tub.
Inducing Estrus:
Hauv Awassi ewes, siv HMG rau estrus induction qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau dua estrus tus nqi thiab cev xeeb tub piv nrog Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) [3] . Tshwj xeeb, qhov estrus teb feem pua hauv pab pawg kho mob HMG yog 85% (17/20), thiab cev xeeb tub yog 85% (17/20). Qhov no qhia tau hais tias HMG muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam estrus synchronization rau yaj.
HMG yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm gonadotropin dav siv hauv kev kho cov txiv neej infertility, tshwj xeeb ntawm poj niam infertility, thiab pab kev loj hlob technologies. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa exogenous Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) thiab Luteinizing Hormone (LH) los tsim kho cov tshuaj hormones hauv lub cev, yog li txhawb kev txhim kho follicular, ovulation, thiab spermatogenesis. Cov txheej txheem no pab tswj cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam los ntawm kev ua raws li lub ntuj tsim hormonal ib puag ncig ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev pabcuam kev ua menyuam yaus.
Hais Txog Tus Sau
Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.
Scientific Journal Author
Zhang J yog tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog Hebei Agricultural University. Nws txoj haujlwm tsom mus rau Veterinary Sciences, Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Kev Tsim Kho Kev Nyuaj Siab, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, thiab Genetics & Heredity. Nws tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov haujlwm no los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Zhang J tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj [1].
