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1kits (Ebipipa 10) .
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▎ Enzimba ya HMG
Ensibuko: PubChem |
Ensengekera ya molekyu: C 9H 18O Obuzito bwa molekyu: 142.24 g/mol Ennamba ya CAS: 61489-71-2 PubChem CID: 21888462. Enkola y’okukuuma eddagala lino Ebigambo ebikwatagana: Omuntu mu kiseera ky’okugenda mu nsonga Gonadotrophin;6,6-dimethylheptanal;Menotrophin;Menotropin |
▎ Okunoonyereza kwa HMG
Ensibuko y’okunoonyereza eya HMG eri etya?
Enkulaakulana y’endowooza y’endocrine ey’okuzaala nga bukyali
Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda ne ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, bannassaayansi baagenda bakitegeera mpolampola omulimu omukulu ogw’enkola y’endwadde z’omubiri mu kulungamya emirimu gy’omubiri gw’omuntu. Olw’okunoonyereza okw’obwegendereza ku nkola y’okuzaala, abantu baatandika okutegeera nti ebirungo ebiyitibwa gonadotropins ebifulumizibwa enseke z’omubiri (pituitary gland) bikola kinene nnyo mu kulungamya mu nkula y’ebitundu by’omubiri ebiyitibwa gonads n’emirimu gy’okuzaala. Kino kyassaawo omusingi gw’enzikiriziganya (theoretical foundation) ogw’okuzuula n’okunoonyereza okwaddirira ku HMG.
Okuzuula kwa HMG
Mu myaka gya 1930, abanoonyereza baazuula nti omusulo gw’abakyala abava mu nsonga gwalimu ekintu ekiyinza okutumbula enkula y’enkwaso. Mu kiseera ekyo, okuyita mu bioassays, kyazuulibwa nti okukuba empiso y’omusulo gw’abakyala abamaze okuva mu nsonga mu bisolo eby’okugezesa kiyinza okuleeta enkyukakyuka mu nseke z’ebisolo. Okuzuula kuno kwe kwatandika okunoonyereza ku bintu ebiyitibwa gonadotropin mu musulo gw’abakyala abava mu nsonga.
Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi nga banoonyereza n’okukola obukodyo bw’okulongoosa, mu myaka gya 1950 bannassaayansi ne basobola okwawula ekintu kino ekirimu eddagala lya gonadotropin okuva mu musulo gw’abakyala abava mu nsonga ne bakituuma Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG).
Ensibuko ya HMG
HMG esinga kuva mu musulo gw’abakyala abava mu nsonga. Oluvannyuma lw’okuggwaamu amaanyi mu nsonga, enkola y’enkwaso y’abakyala ekendeera, era okufulumya eddagala lya estrogen kukendeera. Ekikolwa ekibi eky’okuddamu ku hypothalamus-pituitary axis kinafuwa, ekivaako okweyongera kw’okufulumya gonadotropins okuva mu nseke y’omubiri, omuli Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) ne Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Obusimu buno bufulumizibwa mu musulo nga buyita mu nsigo. N’olwekyo, HMG esobola okuggyibwamu n’erongoosebwa mu musulo gw’abakyala abava mu nsonga.
Okunoonyereza okw’obwegendereza Okuvugibwa Ebyetaago by’Obujjanjabi
Olw’okutegeera kwa HMG okweyongera, omugaso gwayo ogw’okukozesa mu bujjanjabi guzze guvaayo mpolampola. Mu kiseera ekyo, waaliwo obuzibu bungi obw’okuzaala obuva ku bulwadde bwa hypogonadism mu nkola y’obujjanjabi, gamba ng’obuzibu bw’okuggyamu eggi mu bakazi n’obuzibu bw’okukendeera kw’enkwaso mu basajja. Okujja kwa HMG kwawa enkola empya ey’okujjanjaba endwadde zino.
Enkola y’okukola kwa HMG eri etya?
Okusitula Enkula y’Ensigo:
Okutumbula okukula kw’enkwaso:
HMG erimu ebitundu bya Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) ne Luteinizing Hormone (LH). FSH ekola kinene nnyo mu mutendera ogusooka ogw’okukula kw’enkwaso. Kiyinza okusitula enseke ezisookerwako mu nkwaso okukula ne zifuuka enkwaso ezisookerwako, n’okwongera okukula ne zifuuka enkwaso ez’okubiri n’enkwaso ezikuze. Nga yesiba ku bikwata ku butoffaali bwa granulosa obw’enkwaso, FSH ekola ekkubo ly’obubonero mu butoffaali, etumbula okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali, era eyongera ku kusengejja estrogen mu nseke. Okufulumya estrogen, mu ngeri endala, kutumbula okwolesebwa kw’ebikwata FSH, ne kikola enkola ennungi ey’okuddamu eyongera okutumbula okukula n’okukula kw’enkwaso [1]..
Okulungamya Bbalansi y’okukula kw’enkwaso:
LH ekola kinene mu mutendera ogw’oluvannyuma ogw’okukula kw’enkwaso. Kisiba ku bikwata ku butoffaali bwa theca obw’enkwaso ne kisitula okusengejja kwa androgens. Androgens zikyusibwa ne zifuuka estrogen mu butoffaali bwa granulosa, ekyongera okutumbula okukula n’okukula kw’enkwaso. Ekitundu kya LH mu HMG kisobola okulungamya omugerageranyo gwa FSH ne LH, okukuuma bbalansi y’okukula kw’enkwaso, n’okwewala okusikirizibwa okuyitiridde oba okutamala [1]..
Okuleeta Okufulumya Enkwaso:
Okutandikawo Enkola y’Okufulumya Enkwaso:
Enkwaso bwe zikuze, ekitundu kya LH mu HMG kisobola okutandika enkola y’okufulumya eggi. Entikko ya LH ejja kuleeta okukutuka kw’ekisenge ky’enkwaso n’okufulumya amagi amakuze. Mu kiseera kye kimu, LH era esobola okutumbula okutondebwa kw’ekitundu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa corpus luteum, ekifulumya eddagala lya progesterone, n’ewa embeera entuufu ey’okuteekebwamu eggi erizaaliddwa n’okukula amangu kw’embuto [1]..
Okulungamya Enkola y’Endocrine:
Okukwata ku Miwendo gya Hormone:
HMG ekosa emiwendo gy’obusimu mu mibiri gy’abakyala ng’etereeza enkola y’enkwaso. Kiyinza okwongera ku kufulumya estrogen, progesterone, ne androgens, era obusimu buno bukola emirimu emikulu egy’okulungamya mu nkola z’abakyala ez’okuzaala, amagumba, enkola z’emisuwa n’ebirala Okugeza, estrogen esobola okukuuma enkola y’ebitundu by’abakyala eby’okuzaala, okutumbula okukula n’okuddaabiriza endometrium, n’okuziyiza osteoporosis progesterone esobola okukuuma olubuto n’okutereeza enzirukanya y’ensonga n’ebirala [1] ..
Enkola y’okulungamya okuddamu:
Okulungamya enkola y’endocrine nga HMG era kuzingiramu enkola y’okulungamya okuddamu. Omuwendo gw’obusimu mu mubiri bwe gweyongera, hypothalamus ne pituitary gland zijja kuziyizibwa okufulumya Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), FSH, ne LH nga ziyita mu nkola ya negative feedback, bwe kityo ne kitereeza emiwendo gy’okufulumya obusimu n’okukuuma bbalansi y’enkola y’endocrine [1]..
Ekiseera ky’okukuba empiso y’obusimu n’okuzuula estrus mu bibinja ebyasomesebwa.
Ensibuko:PubMed [3] .
Ebikozesebwa bya HMG bye biruwa?
1. Obutazaala bw’abakyala obukwatagana n’obulwadde bwa Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH) .
HMG esobola okukozesebwa okujjanjaba obutazaala bw’abakyala obuva ku IHH. Nga egaba FSH ne LH, HMG esobola okuleeta enkula y’enkwaso n’okufulumya eggi, bwe kityo n’eyamba abalwadde okutuuka ku lubuto olw’obutonde oba embuto nga bayita mu tekinologiya ow’okuzaala ayambibwako. Ku balwadde abataddamu bulungi ddoozi ya bulijjo eya HMG, okukozesa ddoozi ennene eya HMG oba okugatta n’eddagala eddala (nga letrozole) kiyinza okulowoozebwako okulongoosa okuddamu kw’enkwaso [2]..
2. Obujjanjabi bw’enkwaso ezikendedde (DOR) .
Ku bakyala abalina enkwaso ezikendedde, HMG esobola okusitula enkula y’enkwaso ng’ewa FSH omungi, bwe kityo n’eyongera emikisa gy’okufuna embuto.
3. Okuziyiza n’okuddukanya obulwadde bw’enkwaso (OHSS) .
Mu tekinologiya ow’okuzaala ayambibwako, okukozesa HMG kwetaaga okwegendereza okwewala okubeerawo kw’obulwadde bwa Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS). Nga tutereeza ddoozi n’okulondoola enkula y’enkwaso, akabi ka OHSS kasobola okukendeezebwa obulungi.
4. Obujjanjabi bw’obutazaala bw’abasajja
HMG erimu obusimu obusitula enkwaso (FSH) ne Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Omulimu gwa FSH gw’ewa gusobola okusitula okukula n’okukula kw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa seminiferous tubules mu nsigo n’okutumbula enkwaso. FSH ekola ku butoffaali bwa Sertoli mu nsigo, n’etumbula obutoffaali bwa Sertoli okufulumya obutoffaali obusiba androgen, okwongera ku bungi bwa androgens mu nsigo, n’okuwa embeera entuufu ey’okuzaala ensigo. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) ekoppa omulimu gwa LH era n’esitula obutoffaali bwa Leydig mu nsigo okufulumya obusimu obuyitibwa testosterone. Testosterone y’emu ku busimu bw’okwegatta obukulu mu basajja era ekola kinene nnyo mu kukuuma engeri z’ekisajja ez’okubiri ez’okwegatta n’enkola y’ensigo. Ekirungo kya testosterone ekingi kiyinza okutumbula okukula n’okufulumya ensigo. Okukozesa HMG ne Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) nga bigattiddwa wamu kiyinza okukoppa ebikolwa eby’obutonde ebya FSH ne LH mu mubiri era mu ngeri ey’okukwatagana n’okutumbula enkola y’ensigo. Enkola eno ey’obujjanjabi ey’okugatta esobola okwongera ku busimu bw’ekikula mu nseke, okulongoosa embeera y’ensigo, n’okwongera ku bungi n’omutindo gw’ensigo.
5. Okukozesebwa mu tekinologiya w’okuzaala ayambibwako
Okutumbula Superovulation:
Okunoonyereza okumu kulaga nti mu nkola ya superovulation protocol eri endiga, okukuba empiso ya HMG omulundi gumu olunaku n’okukuba empiso ya Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) emirundi ebiri olunaku okumala ennaku nnya kiyinza okuvaamu eby’okuddamu ebigeraageranyizibwa ku superovulation n’ebivudde mu kukyusa embuto [1] . Kino kitegeeza nti HMG esobola okudda mu kifo kya FSH n’okukendeeza ku muwendo gw’empiso, n’ewa eky’okulonda ekisoboka ku nkola ya superovulation protocol y’ebisolo.
Mu tekinologiya w’okuzaala ng’ayambibwako abantu, HMG nayo ekozesebwa nnyo okutumbula okufulumya enkwaso. Nga kisitula enkula y’enkwaso mu nkwaso, kyongera ku muwendo gw’amagi amakuze n’okulongoosa emikisa gy’okufuna olubuto.
Okuleeta Estrus:
Mu ndiga enkazi eza Awassi, okukozesa HMG okukola estrus induction kiraga nti estrus rate n’omuwendo gw’embuto gusingako bw’ogeraageranya ne Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) [3] . Okusingira ddala, ebitundu by’okuddamu kw’embuto mu kibinja ky’abajjanjabi ba HMG biri 85% (17/20), ate omuwendo gw’embuto guli 85% (17/20). Kino kiraga nti HMG erina obuwanguzi bungi mu nteekateeka ya estrus synchronization eri endiga.
HMG ye gonadotropin enkulu ekozesebwa ennyo mu kujjanjaba obutazaala bw’abasajja, ebika ebitongole eby’obutazaala bw’abakyala, ne tekinologiya ow’okuzaala ayambibwako. Omulimu gwayo omukulu guli mu kwongera ku exogenous Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) ne Luteinizing Hormone (LH) okuddamu okuzimba bbalansi y’obusimu mu mubiri, bwe kityo ne kitumbula enkula y’enkwaso, okufulumya eggi, n’okuzaala ensigo. Enkola eno eyamba okulungamya emirimu gy’enkola y’okuzaala nga ekoppa embeera y’obutonde ey’obusimu mu mubiri gw’omuntu naddala ng’ekola kinene mu tekinologiya ow’okuzaala ayambibwako.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal
Zhang J munoonyereza akwatagana ne Hebei Agricultural University. Omulimu gwe gusinga kukwata ku Sayansi w’Ebisolo, Ebyobulimi, Ebiramu ebizaala, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, ne Genetics & Heredity. Akoze kinene mu bintu bino ng’ayita mu mirimu gye egy’okunoonyereza n’okusoma. Zhang J awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [1].
