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▎ HMG Structure
Isi mmalite: PubChem |
Ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ: C 9H 18O Ibu ibu: 142.24 g/mol Nọmba CAS: 61489-71-2 PubChem CID: 21888462 Synonyms: Menopausal mmadụ Gonadotrophin;6,6-dimethylheptanal;Menotrophin;Menotropin |
▎ Nnyocha HMG
Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke HMG?
Mmepe nke nkuzi Endocrine nke izizi
Na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mata ọrụ dị mkpa nke usoro endocrine n'ịhazi ọrụ physiological mmadụ. Site na nyocha miri emi nke physiology ọmụmụ, ndị mmadụ malitere ịghọta na gonadotropins zoro ezo site na gland pituitary na-arụ ọrụ nchịkwa dị mkpa na mmepe nke gonads na ọrụ ọmụmụ. Nke a tọrọ ntọala usoro echiche maka nchọpụta na nyocha nke HMG na-esote.
Nchọpụta nke HMG
N'afọ ndị 1930, ndị nchọpụta chọpụtara na mmamịrị nke ụmụ nwanyị postmenopausal nwere ihe nwere ike ịkwalite mmepe nke gonads. N'oge ahụ, site na bioassays, a chọpụtara na ịgbanye mmamịrị nke ụmụ nwanyị postmenopausal n'ime anụmanụ nnwale nwere ike ime mgbanwe na gonads ụmụ anụmanụ. Nchọpụta a malitere nyocha banyere ihe gonadotropin dị na mmamịrị ụmụ nwanyị postmenopausal.
Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke nyocha na mmepe nke usoro ịsacha ọcha, ọ bụ na 1950 ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị jisiri ike kewapụ ihe ahụ na ọrụ gonadotropin site na mmamịrị nke ụmụ nwanyị postmenopausal ma kpọọ ya Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG).
Isi mmalite HMG
HMG na-esite na mmamịrị nke ụmụ nwanyị postmenopausal. Mgbe menopause gasịrị, ọrụ ovarian nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ebelata, na nzuzo nke estrogen na-ebelata. Mmetụta nzaghachi na-adịghị mma na hypothalamus-pituitary axis na-ebelata, na-eduga na mmụba nke secretion nke gonadotropins site na pituitary gland, gụnyere Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) na Luteinizing Hormone (LH). A na-esi na akụrụ na-ebupụ homonụ ndị a n'ime mmamịrị. Ya mere, HMG nwere ike ịwepụta ma dị ọcha site na mmamịrị nke ụmụ nwanyị postmenopausal.
Nnyocha miri emi nke mkpa ụlọ ọgwụ na-akwalite
Site na nghọta miri emi nke HMG, uru ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ ya ejirila nke nta nke nta pụta. N'oge ahụ, enwere ọtụtụ nsogbu ọmụmụ nke hypogonadism kpatara na omume ụlọ ọgwụ, dị ka nsogbu nwa nwanyị na nwa nwoke hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Mpụta nke HMG nyere usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ọrịa ndị a.
Gịnị bụ usoro nke HMG?
Mmepe Follicular na-akpali akpali:
Na-akwalite uto Follicular:
HMG nwere Hormone Follicle-Stimulating (FSH) na luteinizing Hormone (LH). FSH na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmalite mmalite nke mmepe follicular. Ọ nwere ike kpalite follicles primordial dị na ovary ka ọ ghọọ isi follicles, ma gakwaa n'ihu ghọọ follicles nke abụọ na ndị tozuru okè. Site na ijikọ ndị na-anabata ya na mkpụrụ ndụ granulosa nke follicles, FSH na-eme ka ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular na-arụ ọrụ, na-akwalite mmụba cell na ọdịiche dị iche iche, ma na-eme ka njikọ nke estrogen dị na follicles. Ihe nzuzo nke estrogen, n'aka nke ya, na-akwalite nkwupụta nke ndị na-anabata FSH, na-emepụta usoro nzaghachi dị mma nke na-akwalite ọganihu na mmepe nke follicles [1]..
Ịhazi nguzozi nke uto follicular:
LH na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'oge ikpeazụ nke mmepe follicular. Ọ na-ejikọta na ndị na-anabata ya na cell theca nke follicles ma na-akpali njikọ nke androgens. A na-agbanwe Androgens ka ọ bụrụ estrogen na mkpụrụ ndụ granulosa, na-akwalite uto na maturation nke follicles. Akụkụ LH dị na HMG nwere ike ịhazi oke FSH na LH, jikwaa nguzozi nke uto follicular, ma zere mkpali gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ ezughi oke [1].
Na-ebute Ovulation:
Na-akpalite Usoro Ovulation:
Mgbe follicles tozuru oke, akụkụ LH dị na HMG nwere ike ịkpalite usoro ovulation. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke LH ga-eme ka mgbawa nke mgbidi follicular na ntọhapụ nke àkwá tozuru okè. N'otu oge ahụ, LH nwekwara ike ịkwalite nguzobe nke corpus luteum, nke na-ezobe progesterone, na-enye ebe dị mma maka ịkụnye akwa fatịlaịza na mmalite mmalite nke ẹmbrayo [1]..
Ijikwa usoro endocrine:
Na-emetụta Ọkwa Hormone:
HMG na-emetụta ọkwa hormone dị na ahụ ụmụ nwanyị site n'ịhazi ọrụ ovarian. Ọ nwere ike ịbawanye secretion nke estrogen, progesterone, na androgens, na hormones ndị a na-arụ ọrụ nchịkwa dị mkpa na usoro ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị, ọkpụkpụ, usoro obi, wdg. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, estrogen nwere ike ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ ụmụ nwanyị, na-akwalite uto na nrụzi nke endometrium, ma gbochie osteoporosis; progesterone nwere ike ịnọgide na-atụrụ ime ma na-achịkwa oge ịhụ nsọ, wdg. [1].
Usoro nhazi nzaghachi:
Usoro nke usoro endocrine nke HMG na-agụnyekwa usoro nhazi nzaghachi. Mgbe ọkwa homonụ dị n'ime ahụ na-abawanye, a ga-egbochi hypothalamus na gland pituitary site na nzuzo Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), FSH, na LH site na usoro nzaghachi na-adịghị mma, si otú a na-achịkwa ọkwa nzuzo nke homonụ na ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke usoro endocrine [1]..
Ogologo oge nke injections homonụ na nchọpụta estrus n'ime otu ndị a mụrụ.
Isi mmalite: PubMed [3]
Kedu ihe bụ ngwa HMG?
1. Ịmụghị nwa nwanyị metụtara Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH)
Enwere ike iji HMG na-agwọ amụghị nwa nke IHH kpatara. Site n'inye FSH na LH, HMG nwere ike ịkpalite mmepe follicular na ovulation, si otú a na-enyere ndị ọrịa aka imeta afọ ime ma ọ bụ ime ime site na teknụzụ ọmụmụ enyere aka. Maka ndị ọrịa na-anabataghị nke ọma na usoro ọgwụgwọ HMG, iji nnukwu dose nke HMG ma ọ bụ ngwakọta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ (dị ka letrozole) nwere ike ịtụle iji meziwanye nzaghachi follicular [2]..
2. Ọgwụgwọ nke Mbelata Ovarian Reserve (DOR)
Maka ụmụ nwanyị nwere obere nchekwa ovarian, HMG nwere ike ịkwalite mmepe follicular site n'inye ọkwa FSH dị elu, si otú a na-abawanye ohere ịtụrụ ime.
3. Mgbochi na njikwa nke ọrịa hyperstimulation nke Ovarian (OHSS)
N'ime teknụzụ ọmụmụ nwa enyere aka, iji HMG kwesịrị ịkpachara anya iji zere ọnọdụ nke Ọrịa Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS). Site n'ịgbanwe dose na nlekota mmepe follicular, ihe ize ndụ nke OHSS nwere ike ibelata nke ọma.
4. Ọgwụgwọ nke nwoke na-amụghị nwa
HMG nwere Hormone Follicle-Stimulating (FSH) na luteinizing Hormone (LH). Ọrụ FSH ọ na-enye nwere ike ịkwalite uto na mmepe nke tubules semiferous na testis ma kwalite spermatogenesis. FSH na-arụ ọrụ na mkpụrụ ndụ Sertoli dị na testis, na-akwalite mkpụrụ ndụ Sertoli iji zoo protein na-ejikọta androgen, na-amụba ntinye nke androgens na testis, na-enye ebe kwesịrị ekwesị maka spermatogenesis. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) na-eṅomi ọrụ nke LH ma na-akpali mkpụrụ ndụ Leydig na testis iji zoo testosterone. Testosterone bụ otu n'ime homonụ mmekọahụ kachasị mkpa na ụmụ nwoke ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado àgwà mmekọahụ nke abụọ na ọrụ spermatogenic. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke testosterone nwere ike ịkwalite maturation na ntọhapụ nke spam. Ejikọtara ọnụ nke HMG na Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) nwere ike iṅomi mmetụta sitere n'okike nke FSH na LH n'ime ahụ yana synergistically kwalite spermatogenesis. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a jikọtara ọnụ nwere ike ime ka ọkwa homonụ mmekọahụ dị na testis dịkwuo elu, melite gburugburu ebe obibi spermatogenic, ma mee ka ọnụọgụ na ịdị mma nke spam.
5. Ngwa na Teknụzụ Mmepụta enyere aka
Na-akwalite Superovulation:
Ụfọdụ nnyocha egosila na na protocol superovulation maka atụrụ, ịgbanye HMG otu ugboro n'ụbọchị na ịgbanye Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị maka ụbọchị anọ nwere ike ịmepụta nzaghachi superovulation yiri ya na nfefe embrayo [1] . Nke a pụtara na HMG nwere ike dochie FSH ma belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke injections, na-enye nhọrọ dị mma maka protocol superovulation nke anụmanụ.
Na teknụzụ ịmụ nwa na-enyere mmadụ aka, a na-ejikwa HMG n'ọtụtụ ebe iji kwalite ovulation ovarian. Site na-akpali akpali mmepe nke follicles na ovary, ọ na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke tozuru okè nsen na mma ohere ime.
Na-ebute Estrus:
N'ime atụrụ Awassi, iji HMG maka ntinye estrus na-egosi ọnụọgụ estrus dị elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ime ime ma e jiri ya tụnyere Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) [3] . Kpọmkwem, pasent nzaghachi estrus na otu ọgwụgwọ HMG bụ 85% (17/20), ọnụ ọgụgụ ime bụ 85% (17/20). Nke a na-egosi na HMG nwere ọganiihu dị elu na mmemme mmekọrịta estrus maka atụrụ.
HMG bụ nnukwu gonadotropin bụ isi nke a na-ejikarị na ọgwụgwọ amụghị nwa nwoke, ụdị amụghị nwa nke nwanyị, na teknụzụ ọmụmụ aka. Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ ịgbakwunye Hormone Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) na Luteinizing Hormone (LH) iji wughachi nguzozi nke homonụ na ahụ, si otú ahụ na-akwalite mmepe follicular, ovulation, na spermatogenesis. Usoro a na-enyere aka ịhazi ọrụ nke usoro ọmụmụ site n'iṅomi ọnọdụ hormonal nke anụ ahụ mmadụ, karịsịa na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na nkà na ụzụ ọmụmụ enyere aka.
Banyere Onye dere ya
Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.
Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị
Zhang J bụ onye nyocha metụtara Hebei Agricultural University. Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na Sciences Veterinary, Agriculture, Biology Reproductive, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, na Genetics & Herdity. O nyela nnukwu onyinye na ngalaba ndị a site na nyocha na agụmakwụkwọ ya. Edepụtara Zhang J na nrụtụ aka nke ntụaka [1].
