Kisspeptin 10 mg

▎ Kisspeptin Ọdịdị

▎ Kisspeptin Nnyocha

Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke Kisspeptin?  

N'ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke 20, na ọganihu na nyocha na tumor metastasis suppressor genes, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara KiSS-1 gene na melanoma sel site na iji modified subtractive hybridization na 1996. Na 1999, na oke G protein-ejikọta ọnụ receptor GPR54, na na 2001, na 2001 nke ngwaahịa bụ mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ KiSS na njedebe nke ọmụmụ KiSS. GPR54, aha ya bụ Kisspeptin. N'ịkọwapụta na mbụ maka ụbụrụ metastasis-suppressive Properties, e mesịrị chọpụta neuropeptide a ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi ihe nchịkwa nke hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadadal axis, na-arụ ọrụ bụ isi na nhazi neuroendocrine nke mmepe ọmụmụ vertebrate. Ọ na-ekerekwa òkè n'ọtụtụ usoro physiological dị ka omume ịmụ nwa, nhazi ọnọdụ, metabolism uto, na omume nri. Nchọpụta na nyocha ọrụ nke Kisspeptin na-enye ntọala usoro ọmụmụ dị mkpa maka ịgagharị usoro nchịkwa neuroendocrine na ịgwọ ọrịa ndị metụtara ya.  

Gịnị bụ usoro nke Kisspeptin?  

Usoro nhazi ọmụmụ  

Iwu nke Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis: Kisspeptin na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi ọmụmụ, bụ isi site na mgbanwe nke axis HPG. Na mammals, Kisspeptin na-akpali mmepụta nke gonadotropin na-ahapụ hormone (GnRH). Kpọmkwem, Kisspeptin na-arụ ọrụ nzuzo nke mkpụrụ ndụ GnRH site na sistemu protein jikọtara ọnụ site na GPR54 nnata ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge mmalite mmalite, mmụba nke ọrụ hypothalamic Kisspeptin neurons na-akwalite secretion GnRH, nke n'aka nke ya na-akpali pituitary gland na-ezobe gonadotropins (dị ka follicle-stimulating hormone FSH na luteinizing hormone LH). Hormone ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na gonads iji kwalite mmepe gonadal na mmepụta homonụ mmekọahụ, si otú a na-ebute mmepe mmepe ^[1] .  

Mmetụta ozugbo na Gonads: Na mgbakwunye na nhazi usoro ọmụmụ site na axis HPG, Kisspeptin nwekwara mmetụta kpọmkwem na gonads. Nnyocha e mere na oocytes sitere na atụrụ Tan anestrous, dịka ọmụmaatụ, egosila na Kisspeptin na-eme ka ọnụọgụgụ nke anụ atụrụ Tan atụrụ dịkwuo mma ma na-akwalite oocyte maturation site na ịkwalite okwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Nke a na-egosi na Kisspeptin nwere ike isonye ozugbo na ịhazi mmepe follicular na gonads.  

Gịnị bụ usoro omume Kisspeptin?

Mmekọrịta na Neuropeptides ndị ọzọ: Na hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, e nwere klas nke Kisspeptin neurons nke na-egosipụta glutamate, neurokinin B (NKB), na dynorphin (Dyn). Neuron ndị a na-egosipụta ọrụ na-emekọrịta ihe na-adịghị agafe agafe iji kpalie nzuzo nke hormone pulsatile ^[2] . Nnyocha e mere na ụmụ oke ụmụ nwanyị egosila na imekọrịta ihe n'otu oge nke ARN ^ {KISS} neurons na-adabere na nnyefe glutamate site na AMPA receptors na neurokinin B nnyefe, ebe mgbochi nke ndị na-anabata NMDA na ndị na-anabata κ-opioid enweghị mmetụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmekọrịta ^[3] . N'ime ụmụ oke nwoke, mmekọrịta nke ARN ^ {KISS} neurons na-ebilite site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ netwọkụ gbawara agbawa n'ime ọha mmadụ, dabere na akara glutamate-AMPA mpaghara, yana neurokinin B na-eme ka mmekọrịta glutamate na-eme ka glutamate, ebe dynorphin-κ-opioid ụda n'ime usoro njikọ ga-arụ ọrụ. Nke a na-egosi netwọk mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti Kisspeptin neurons na neuropeptides ndị ọzọ na usoro neuroendocrine, na-achịkwa nzuzo nzuzo nke hormone pulsatile ^[2].

Ọnụ ọgụgụ 1 Histograms na-egosi pasent nke ule nke ihe omume calcium na-adaba adaba n'etiti ARN ^ {KISS} neurons na ụbụrụ ụbụrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị akpali akpali na na-eso obere ugboro na mkpali ugboro ugboro nke otu neuron na-anọghị na ọnụnọ nke CNQX ma ọ bụ neurokinin receptor (NKR) antagonists.  

Isi mmalite: PubMed ^[3].

Kedu ihe na-aga n'ihu nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ na Kisspeptin na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa metabolic?

Kisspeptin na ụdị 2 ọrịa shuga mellitus (T2DM)  

Iwu nke Metabolism Glucose: Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke T2DM gụnyere nguzogide insulin, ụkọ insulin ezughi oke, na mmụba nke glucose ọbara. Nnyocha na-egosi na Kisspeptin nwere ike ịhazi metabolism nke glucose site n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. N'otu aka, Kisspeptin nwere ike imetụta mmetụta insulin; N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ β-cell islet pancreatic na-emetụta mmepụta insulin.  

Kisspeptin na oke ibu  

Iwu nke nha nha ike na oriri nri: A na-ejikọta oke ibu na enweghị ike ike n'ihi oke ume ike na mbelata mmefu ike. Kisspeptin na-ahazi nguzozi ike na omume inye nri na sistemu ụjọ etiti. Mmụba okwu Kisspeptin nwere ike ibelata oriri ụmụ anụmanụ, ebe mbelata okwu nwere ike ịbawanye ya, na-egosi na Kisspeptin na-eje ozi dị ka isi ihe na-achịkwa oriri ume na pathogenesis nke oke ibu.  

Kisspeptin na ọrịa imeju na-adịghị egbu egbu (NAFLD)  

Mmetụta na Metabolism Hepatic: NAFLD bụ ọrịa imeju nwere njikọ chiri anya na nguzogide insulin na ọrịa metabolic, nke ejiri oke abụba imeju mara. Kisspeptin na-ekere òkè na nhazi usoro metabolic nke imeju. N'ime nnwale anụmanụ, egosipụtara itinye aka Kisspeptin iji gbanwee metabolism lipid, nzaghachi mkpali, na nrụgide oxidative na imeju. Ọ nwere ike ibelata mkpokọta abụba imeju site n'ịhazi ọrụ enzymes ndị bụ isi na-etinye aka na njikọ fatty acid na ndakpọ. Na mgbakwunye, Kisspeptin nwere ike gbanwee ụzọ mgbama ịba ọcha n'anya imeju iji belata mbufụt ma jiri nwayọ na-aga n'ihu NAFLD.  

Kisspeptin na Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)  

Dual Regulation of Reproductive Endocrinology and Metabolism: PCOS bụ ọrịa endocrine na ọrịa metabolic na-ahụkarị nke e ji mara ma ọrịa endocrine ịmụ nwa na ọrịa metabolic-lipid na ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa. Kisspeptin na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na PCOS pathogenesis. N'etiti etiti, ọ na-achịkwa hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadadal axis iji metụta endocrinology ọmụmụ na ndị ọrịa PCOS. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ na-ekere òkè na usoro metabolic metụtara insulin, leptin, na adiponectin, na-atụ aro na ọ bụ isi ihe na-akpata dysfunction metabolic na PCOS.  

Kedu ihe bụ ngwa Kisspeptin?  

Ọgwụgwọ nke nsogbu usoro ọmụmụ  

Mmepe Pubertal na-adịghị mma: Kisspeptin dị oke mkpa maka mmalite mmalite. Nnyocha na-egosi na mmụgharị na sistemu Kisspeptin-GPR54 nwere ike iduga n'oge uto ma ọ bụ hypogonadism. Nlekọta nke Kisspeptin na-apụ apụ nwere ike kpalie axis HPG iji kwalite GnRH na gonadotropin secretion, na-ekwe nkwa maka ịgwọ nsogbu mmepe nwata. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime ndị ọrịa nwere hypogonadism n'ihi ntụpọ Kisspeptin na-egosi ntụpọ, mgbakwunye na Kisspeptin ma ọ bụ analogs ya nwere ike iweghachi mmepe mmepe nke nwata ^{[4, 5].}.  

Ovulation Disorders: N'ime usoro ọmụmụ nwanyị, Kisspeptin na-achịkwa okirikiri nsọ na ovulation. Ọ nwere uru ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa ovulation dị ka PCOS. Site n'ịchịkwa ihe nzuzo GnRH pulsatile, Kisspeptin nwere ike gbanwee ntọhapụ gonadotropin iji melite mmepe follicular na ovulation. Ọmụmụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-egosi na Kisspeptin na-ebute usoro nzuzo nke gonadotropin physiological n'ime ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa ovulation, na-eme ka ọnụọgụgụ ovulation na-aga nke ọma ^{[5, 6].}.  

Ọrụ Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA): FHA bụ ihe na-adịghị mma nke GnRH pulsatile secretion na hypothalamus. Dị ka onye na-ahụ maka GnRH dị elu, Kisspeptin dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ FHA. Nnyocha na-egosi na nchịkwa Kisspeptin-54 na ndị ọrịa FHA na-akpali mmepụta nke gonadotropin (FSH, LH) nke ọma, na-ekwe nkwa maka iweghachi usoro nsọ nsọ na ọmụmụ. Nke a na-enye atụmatụ ọhụrụ maka ọgwụgwọ FHA ^[6].  

Ọgwụgwọ Ọrịa Metabolic  

Ọrịa imeju na-adịghị egbu egbu (NAFLD): Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtala na ịgbalite ụzọ akara Kisspeptin 1 (KISS1R) nwere mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na NAFLD. N'ụdị òké na-eri nri nwere abụba dị elu, ịkụ aka nke Kiss1r imeju na-eme ka steatosis imeju dịkwuo njọ, ebe nkwalite KISS1R na-echebe ụmụ oke ụdị anụ ọhịa site na steatosis ma na-ebelata ịba ọcha n'anya fibrosis n'ime nri na-adịghị aṅụ mmanya steatohepatitis (NASH). Ọmụmụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ na-egosi na nrịbama imeju afọ KISS1R na-eme ka ọganihu NAFLD dịkwuo mma site n'ịgbalite AMPK, bụ isi ihe na-achịkwa ike ike, iji belata lipogenesis. Na mgbakwunye, mmụba imeju KISS1 / KISS1R na ọkwa plasma Kisspeptin na ndị ọrịa NAFLD na ụmụ oke nri nwere oke abụba na-atụ aro usoro nkwụghachi iji belata njikọ triglyceride, na-eme KISS1R bụrụ ebumnuche ọhụrụ na-ekwe nkwa maka ọgwụgwọ NASH ^[7].  

Ọgwụgwọ Ọkpụkpụ Osteoporosis: Ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ bụ ọrịa ọkpụkpụ metabolic na-ahụkarị ebe homonụ ịmụ nwa na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na uto ọkpụkpụ na nleba anya. Nnyocha na-egosi na Kisspeptin na-akpali ọdịiche osteoblast ma na-egbochi osteoclasts, na-enye ikike ahụike maka ọgwụgwọ ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ. Usoro ahụ nwere ike ịgụnye ịhazi usoro ụzọ mgbaàmà metụtara metabolism nke ọkpụkpụ, dị ka ụzọ Wnt na usoro RANKL-OPG, iji kwalite ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, gbochie ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, mee ka ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ dịkwuo elu, ma melite ahụike ọkpụkpụ na ndị ọrịa osteoporosis.  

Mmechi

Ọ bụ ezie na nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ na Kisspeptin na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa metabolic enweela ọganihu, mmetụta ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkụ gụnyere glucose metabolism, ike itule, imeju metabolism, na dual regulation nke endocrinology ọmụmụ na metabolism.

Banyere Onye dere ya

Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.

Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị

Guzman, S bụ ọkà mmụta a ma ama na ngalaba ọgwụ na sayensị ndụ, jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ama ama dị ka Sistemụ Mahadum Rutgers, Institutelọ Ọrụ Ahụike Childmụaka nke New Jersey, na Mahadum City nke New York (CUNY). Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cell Biology, Biology Reproductive, and Obstetrics & Gynecology. Ebe nyocha ndị a dị oke mkpa maka ịkwalite usoro mmụta na ahụike nke ọgwụ, na-egosipụta ọkachamara ọkachamara ya na mmetụta dị ukwuu na nyocha ahụike .. Guzman, S na-edepụta na ntinye aka [7].

▎ Okwu ndị dị mkpa

[1] Mills E, O'Byrne KT, Comninos A N. Kisspeptin dị ka Hormone omume[J]. Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ na ọgwụ ọmụmụ, 2019,37(2):56-63.DOI:10.1055/s-0039-3400239.

[2] Han SY, Morris PG, Kim JC, et al. Mechanism nke kisspeptin neuron mmekọrịta maka pulsatile hormone secretion na ụmụ oke oke [J]. Akụkọ Cell, 2023,42 (1): 111914.DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111914.

[3] Morris PG, Herbison A E. Mechanism of Arcuate Kisspeptin Neuron Synchronization in Acute Brain Slices From Female ụmụ oke [J]. Ọgwụgwụ, 2023,164 (12).DOI:10.1210/endocr/bqad167.

[4] Sharma A. Oke Kisspeptin na Neuroendocrine Disorder[J]. 2023. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmu009.

[5] Tsoutsouki J, Abbara A, Dhillo W. Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka kisspeptin[J]. Echiche dị ugbu a na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, 2022,67:102319.DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2022.102319.

[6] Podfigurna A, Czyzyk A, Szeliga A, et al. Ọrụ Kisspeptin na Ọrụ Hypothalamic Amenorrhea [M]// Berga SL, Genazzani AR, Naftolin F, et al. Ọgba aghara metụtara okirikiri nsọ nsọ: Mpịakọta 7: Oke na Gynecological Endocrinology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019:27-42.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14358-9_3.

[7] Guzman S, Dragan M, Kwon H, et al. Ezubere iche onye na-anabata kisspeptin hepatic na-eme ka ọrịa imeju abụba na-abụghị mmanya na-aba n'anya n'ụdị òké [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke nyocha ahụike, 2022,132 (10) .DOI: 10.1172/JCI145889.

Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.  

Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.