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1kits (Ebipipa 10) .
| Omuwendo: | |
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▎ ya Kisspeptin Enzimba
Ensibuko: PubChem |
Omutendera:GTSLSPPPESSGSRQQPGLSAPHSRQIPAPQGAVLVQREKDLPNYNWNSFGLRF Ensengekera ya molekyu: C 258H 401N 79O78 Obuzito bwa molekyu: 5857 g/mol Ekitongole kya PubChem CID:71306396 Ebigambo ebikwatagana: Protein KISS-1;Kisspeptins |
▎ ku Kisspeptin Okunoonyereza
Kiki ekiva mu kunoonyereza ku Kisspeptin?
Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, olw’enkulaakulana mu kunoonyereza ku buzaale obuziyiza okusaasaana kw’ebizimba, bannassaayansi baazuula obuzaale bwa KiSS-1 mu butoffaali bwa melanoma nga bakozesa modified subtractive hybridization mu 1996. Mu 1999, rat G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 yazuulibwa, era mu 2001, okunoonyereza kwakakasa nti ekiva mu buzaale bwa KiSS-1 kye kiva mu butoffaali bwa melanoma ligandi ya GPR54, eyitibwa Kisspeptin. Mu kusooka yamanyibwa olw’ebintu byayo ebiziyiza okusaasaana kw’ebizimba, oluvannyuma neuropeptide eno yazuulibwa ng’ekola ng’ekintu ekikulu ekifuga waggulu w’omugga eky’ekisiki kya hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, nga kikola omulimu omukulu mu kulungamya obusimu obuyitibwa neuroendocrine mu nkula y’okuzaala kw’ebiramu eby’omugongo. Era yeetaba mu nkola z’omubiri eziwera nga enneeyisa y’okuzaala, okulungamya embeera y’omuntu, enkyukakyuka mu kukula, n’enneeyisa y’okulya. Okuzuula n’okunoonyereza ku nkola ya Kisspeptin kuwa omusingi omukulu ogw’enzikiriziganya okunoonyereza ku nkola z’okulungamya obusimu n’okujjanjaba endwadde ezikwatagana.
Enkola ki ey’okukola kwa Kisspeptin?
Enkola z’okulungamya okuzaala
Okulungamya ekisiki kya Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG): Kisspeptin ekola kinene mu kulungamya okuzaala, okusinga okuyita mu kukyusakyusa ekisiki kya HPG. Mu binyonyi ebiyonka, Kisspeptin eyamba okufulumya obusimu obufulumya gonadotropin (GnRH). Okusingira ddala, Kisspeptin ekola okufulumya obutoffaali bwa GnRH mu ngeri ey’okukuba okuyita mu nkola eziyungiddwa ku puloteyina ya G okuyita mu kifo kyayo ekikwata GPR54. Okugeza, mu kiseera ky’okutandika okuvubuka, okweyongera kw’emirimu gy’obusimu bwa Kisspeptin obuyitibwa hypothalamic Kisspeptin kitumbula okufulumya GnRH, nga kino nakyo kisitula enseke okufulumya gonadotropins (nga obusimu obusitula enkwaso FSH ne luteinizing hormone LH). Obusimu buno bukola ku nseke okutumbula enkula y’enkwaso n’okufulumya obusimu bw’okwegatta, bwe kityo ne butandika okukula kw’obuvubuka [1]. .
Ebikosa obutereevu ku nseke: Ng’oggyeeko okulungamya okuzaala okutali butereevu okuyita mu kitundu kya HPG, Kisspeptin era erina ebikosa obutereevu ku nseke. Okunoonyereza ku nkwaso okuva mu ndiga za Tan ezirina anestrous, okugeza, kulaga nti Kisspeptin erongoosa nnyo omutindo gw’okukula mu vitro mu nseke z’endiga za Tan era etumbula okukula kw’enkwaso ng’esitula okulaga kw’obuzaale. Kino kiraga nti Kisspeptin eyinza okwetaba butereevu mu kulungamya enkula y’enkwaso mu nseke.
Enkola ya Kisspeptin y’eruwa?
Enkolagana ne Neuropeptides Endala: Mu hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, waliwo ekibiina ky’obusimu bwa Kisspeptin obulaga awamu glutamate, neurokinin B (NKB), ne dynorphin (Dyn). Obusimu buno bulaga emirimu egy’okukwatagana egy’ekiseera ekigere okuvuga okufulumya obusimu obuyitibwa pulsatile hormone secretion [2] . Okunoonyereza mu mbeba enkazi kulaga nti okukwatagana okw’okwekolako kw’obusimu bwa ARN^{KISS} kwesigamye nnyo ku kutambuza glutamate okuyita mu AMPA receptors n’okutambuza neurokinin B, so nga okuziyiza NMDA receptors ne κ-opioid receptors tekirina kye kukola ku sinchronization rate [3] . Mu mbeba ensajja, okukwatagana kw’obusimu bwa ARN^{KISS} kuva ku mirimu gy’omukutu gw’okubutuka kumpi mu ngeri ey’ekifuulannenge munda mu bantu, nga yeesigamye nnyo ku bubonero bwa glutamate-AMPA obw’omu kitundu, nga neurokinin B eyongera okukwatagana okuleetebwa glutamate, ate nga eddoboozi lya dynorphin-κ-opioid munda mu mutimbagano likola ng’enkola ya gating ey’okutandika okukwatagana. Kino kiraga emikutu gy’enkolagana enzibu wakati w’obusimu bwa Kisspeptin n’obusimu obulala obuyitibwa neuropeptides mu kulungamya obusimu obuyitibwa neuroendocrine, nga okutwalira awamu gifuga okufulumya obusimu obuwunya [2]..
Ekifaananyi 1 Histograms eziraga ebitundu ku kikumi eby’okugezesebwa nga ebibaddewo mu ngeri ey’akabenje ebya calcium wakati w’obusimu bwa ARN^{KISS} mu slice y’obwongo wansi w’embeera ezitasikirizibwa n’oluvannyuma lw’okusikirizibwa kwa frequency entono ne frequency enkulu ez’obusimu bumu mu butabeerawo n’okubeerawo kwa CNQX oba neurokinin receptor (NKR) antagonists.
Ensibuko: PubMed [3] ..
Enkulaakulana etya mu kunoonyereza okw’obujjanjabi ku Kisspeptin mu kujjanjaba endwadde z’enkyukakyuka mu mubiri?
Kisspeptin ne Ssukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri (T2DM) .
Okulungamya Enkyukakyuka ya Glucose: Ebikulu ebikwata ku T2DM mulimu okuziyiza insulini, obutafulumya insulini emala, ne glucose mu musaayi okulinnya. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Kisspeptin eyinza okulungamya enkyukakyuka ya glucose ng’eyita mu makubo agawerako. Ku ludda olumu, Kisspeptin esobola okukwata ku buwulize bwa insulini; ku luuyi olulala, kiyinza okukola ku nkola ya β-cell y’ekizinga ky’olubuto okukosa okufulumya insulini.
Kisspeptin ne Omugejjo
Okulungamya bbalansi y’amaanyi n’emmere gye balya: Omugejjo gutera okukwatagana n’obutakwatagana na maanyi olw’amaanyi agasukkiridde n’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’amaanyi. Kisspeptin etereeza bbalansi y’amaanyi n’enneeyisa y’okulya mu busimu obw’omu makkati. Okwongera kw’okwolesebwa kwa Kisspeptin kuyinza okukendeeza ku mmere gye balya mu bisolo, ate okukendeeza ku kwolesebwa kuyinza okukyongera, ekiraga nti Kisspeptin ekola ng’ekikulu ekilungamya amaanyi agayingira mu ntandikwa y’endwadde z’omugejjo.
Kisspeptin n’obulwadde bw’ekibumba obutaliimu mwenge (NAFLD) .
Ebikosa Enkyukakyuka y’Ekibumba: NAFLD bulwadde bwa kibumba obukwatagana nnyo n’okuziyiza insulini n’obulwadde bw’enkyukakyuka mu mubiri, obumanyiddwa ng’amasavu amangi mu kibumba. Kisspeptin yeetaba mu kulongoosa enkyukakyuka mu kibumba. Mu kugezesa ebisolo, okuyingira mu nsonga za Kisspeptin kiragiddwa okukyusa enkyukakyuka y’amasavu, okuddamu kw’okuzimba, n’okunyigirizibwa okw’okwokya mu kibumba. Kiyinza okukendeeza ku kukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’amasavu mu kibumba nga kitereeza emirimu gy’enziyiza enkulu ezenyigira mu kukola asidi w’amasavu n’okumenya. Okugatta ku ekyo, Kisspeptin eyinza okukyusa amakubo g’obubonero bw’okuzimba ekibumba okukendeeza ku kuzimba n’okukendeeza ku kukula kwa NAFLD.
Kisspeptin n’obulwadde bw’enkwaso eziyitibwa Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) .
Dual Regulation of Reproductive Endocrinology and Metabolism: PCOS buzibu bwa bulijjo mu bitundu by’omubiri n’enkyukakyuka mu mubiri obumanyiddwa olw’obutabeera bulungi mu bitundu by’omubiri ebizaala n’obuzibu mu nkyukakyuka ya glucose-lipid mu balwadde abasinga obungi. Kisspeptin ekola kinene nnyo mu ntandikwa y’obulwadde bwa PCOS. Wakati, etereeza hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis okufuga endocrinology y’okuzaala mu balwadde ba PCOS. Mu kiseera kino, yeetaba mu nkola z’enkyukakyuka y’emmere ezirimu insulini, leptin, ne adiponectin, ekiraga nti nsonga nkulu mu butakola bulungi mu nkyukakyuka y’emmere mu PCOS.
Kisspeptin kikozesebwa ki?
Obujjanjabi bw’obuzibu mu nkola y’okuzaala
Enkula y’obuvubuka etali ya bulijjo: Kisspeptin kikulu nnyo mu kutandikawo obuvubuka. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti enkyukakyuka mu nkola ya Kisspeptin-GPR54 ziyinza okuvaako okulwawo okutuuka mu myaka gy’obuvubuka oba hypogonadism. Okugaba Kisspeptin okuva ebweru kuyinza okusitula ekisiki kya HPG okutumbula GnRH ne gonadotropin secretion, nga kikutte ekisuubizo eky’okujjanjaba obuzibu bw’enkula y’obuvubuka. Okugeza, mu balwadde abalina obulwadde bwa hypogonadism olw’obulema mu bubonero bwa Kisspeptin, okugatta ku Kisspeptin oba analogs zaayo kiyinza okuzzaawo enkula y’obuvubuka eya bulijjo [4, 5]..
Obuzibu mu kufulumya enkwaso: Mu nkola y’okuzaala kw’abakyala, Kisspeptin etereeza enzirukanya y’ensonga n’okufulumya eggi. Kirina omugaso oguyinza okujjanjaba obuzibu bw’okuggyamu eggi nga PCOS. Nga etereeza GnRH pulsatile secretion, Kisspeptin esobola okukyusa gonadotropin release okulongoosa enkula y’enkwaso n’okufulumya eggi. Okunoonyereza mu bujjanjabi kulaga nti Kisspeptin ereeta enkola y’okufulumya gonadotropin mu mubiri mu balwadde abamu abalina obuzibu mu kuggyamu eggi, okutumbula emiwendo gy’obuwanguzi mu kuggyamu eggi [5, 6]..
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA): FHA eva ku kufulumya GnRH mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo mu hypothalamus. Nga upstream regulator ya GnRH, Kisspeptin kikulu nnyo mu bujjanjabi bwa FHA. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti okugaba Kisspeptin-54 eri abalwadde ba FHA kisitula bulungi okufulumya gonadotropin (FSH, LH), nga kisuubiza okuzzaawo enzirukanya y’ensonga n’okuzaala. Kino kiwa obukodyo obupya obw’obujjanjabi bwa FHA [6]..
Obujjanjabi bw’endwadde z’enkyukakyuka mu mubiri
Obulwadde bw’ekibumba obutali bwa mwenge (NAFLD): Okunoonyereza okwakakolebwa kuzudde nti okukola ekkubo ly’obubonero erya Kisspeptin 1 receptor (KISS1R) kirina ebikosa obujjanjabi ku NAFLD. Mu bikolwa by’ebibe ebiriisibwa emmere erimu amasavu amangi, okukoona Kiss1r mu kibumba kyongera okuleeta okuzimba ekibumba, ate okusikirizibwa kwa KISS1R okunywezeddwa kukuuma ebibe eby’ekika ky’omu nsiko okuva ku steatosis era kukendeeza ku fibrosis y’ekibumba mu mbeba ezitali za mwenge (NASH) ezireetebwa emmere. Okunoonyereza ku nkola kulaga nti obubonero bwa KISS1R mu kibumba bulongoosa enkulaakulana ya NAFLD nga ekola AMPK, molekyu enkulu efugira amaanyi, okukendeeza ku lipogenesis. Okugatta ku ekyo, okweyongera kw’okwolesebwa kwa KISS1/KISS1R mu kibumba n’emiwendo gya Kisspeptin mu plasma mu balwadde ba NAFLD n’ebibe ebiliisibwa emmere erimu amasavu amangi biraga enkola ey’okusasula okukendeeza ku kukola triglyceride, ekifuula KISS1R ekigendererwa ekipya ekisuubiza eky’obujjanjabi bwa NASH [7]..
Obujjanjabi bw’okuzimba amagumba: Obulwadde bw’amagumba bulwadde bwa magumba obutera okubeerawo mu nkyukakyuka y’emmere nga obusimu obuzaala bukola kinene mu kukula kw’amagumba n’okukuuma amagumba amangi. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Kisspeptin esitula okwawukana kw’amagumba n’okuziyiza osteoclasts, ekiwa obusobozi obw’obujjanjabi obw’obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bw’amagumba. Enkola eno eyinza okuzingiramu okulungamya amakubo g’obubonero agakwata ku nkyukakyuka y’amagumba, gamba ng’ekkubo lya Wnt n’enkola ya RANKL-OPG, okutumbula okutondebwa kw’amagumba, okuziyiza okuddamu okuyingira kw’amagumba, okwongera ku density y’amagumba, n’okulongoosa obulamu bw’amagumba mu balwadde b’amagumba.
Mu bufunzi
Wadde ng’okunoonyereza mu bujjanjabi ku Kisspeptin mu kujjanjaba endwadde z’enkyukakyuka mu mubiri kufunye enkulaakulana, ebivaamu bizingiramu ebintu ebiwerako omuli enkyukakyuka ya glucose, okutebenkeza amaanyi, enkyukakyuka mu kibumba, n’okulungamya emirundi ebiri enkola y’okuzaala n’enkyukakyuka y’emmere.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal
Guzman, S mukenkufu wa kitiibwa mu by’obusawo ne ssaayansi w’obulamu, alina akakwate n’amatendekero agawerako ag’ettutumu nga Rutgers University System, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, ne City University of New York (CUNY) System. Okunoonyereza kwe kusinga kukwata ku Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cell Biology, Reproductive Biology, ne Obstetrics & Gynecology. Ebitundu bino eby’okunoonyereza bikulu nnyo mu kutumbula ensonga z’enzikiriziganya n’obujjanjabi ez’obusawo, nga biraga obukugu bwe obw’ekikugu n’obuyinza obugazi mu kunoonyereza ku by’obusawo.. Guzman, S is listed in the reference of citation [7].
