Teriparatid 750mg ƒe lãmekawo

▎ Teriparatid ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo

▎ Teriparatid Ŋuti Numekuku

Nukae nye Teriparatid ƒe gɔmesese?

Teriparatid nye amegbetɔ ƒe lãmetsi si woyɔna be parathyroid hormone (PTH) si wogbugbɔ ƒo ƒu si me amegbetɔ ƒe parathyroid lãmetsi ƒe amino acid 34 gbãtɔwo le. Eɖɔa ƒu ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo to lãmetsi si woyɔna be parathyroid hormone si le lãme na ame ƒe ŋutilã me dɔwɔwɔwo sɔsrɔ̃ me. Teriparatid ye nye atike gbãtɔ si wowɔ si naa ƒumeŋuɖui si dzi woda asi ɖo na ƒumeŋuɖui sesẽ. Eƒe wɔwɔme ɖea ɖekawɔwɔ gã aɖe fiana kple PTH si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me, si wɔnɛ be PTH xɔla ƒe dɔwɔwɔ te ŋu trɔa asi le ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu.

Nukae nye dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu na Teriparatid?

Dɔ si wòkpɔna ɖe ƒumeŋuɖuiwo dzi:

Edoa ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dzidziɖedzi ɖe ŋgɔ: Teriparatid doa ŋusẽ ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe ŋgɔdonya ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi, si wɔnɛ be ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe xexlẽme dzina ɖe edzi. Le numekuku siwo wowɔ le lãwo ŋu me la, teriparatide dodo ɣeaɖewoɣi na mesenchymal stem cells siwo te ŋu toa vovo zua osteoblasts le ƒumeŋuɖui me la dzi ɖe edzi kabakaba ŋutɔ. Esia na lãmenugbagbevi geɖe te ŋu to vovo va zu ƒumeŋuɖui tsitsiwo, si na lãmenugbagbeviwo sɔ gbɔ ɖe ƒuwo wɔwɔ me. Le vitro cell culture dodokpɔwo ɖee fia be osteoblast precursor cells ƒe mama ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme le ƒuƒoƒo si wotsɔ Teriparatid da dɔe me sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ wu le control group me, si ɖee fia be Teriparatid doa osteoblast precursor cells ƒe dzidziɖedzi ɖe ŋgɔ tẽ ^[1,2]..

Ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ si Do Dzi Ðe Edzi: Menye ɖeko Teriparatid dzia ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe xexlẽme ɖe edzi ko o, ke enaa woƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã dzina ɖe edzi. Edoa domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple ƒu ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ƒe wɔwɔme le ƒumeŋuɖuiwo me, abe esiwo ŋlɔa collagen ƒomevi I kple osteocalcin ene, siwo ɖea woƒe ɖeɖefia ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzina ɖe edzi ŋutɔ fiana la ƒe ɖeɖefia dzina ɖe edzi. Collagen ƒomevi I, si nye ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe akpa vevitɔ, kpena ɖe ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe ɖoɖo si sesẽ wu ŋu to ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme si dzi ɖe edzi me. Osteocalcin wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ƒu ƒe mineralization me to calcium ion ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ le matrix me, si wɔnɛ be ƒu ƒe mineralization dzina ɖe edzi. To mɔnu siawo dzi la, ƒumeŋuɖuiwo wɔa ƒu ƒe ƒuƒoƒo eye woɖea wo ɖa nyuie wu, si wɔnɛ be ƒu yeyewo wɔwɔ nɔa bɔbɔe ^[2,3]..

Mɔxexe ɖe ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ nu: Le ŋutilã ƒe nɔnɔme siwo sɔ me la, ƒumeŋuɖuiwo toa apoptosis me ne wowu ƒuwo wɔwɔ ƒe dɔ tɔxɛwo nu. Teriparatid tea apoptotic process sia ɖe to, si wɔnɛ be osteocyte ƒe agbenɔƒe didi. Teriparatid naa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzesimɔ siwo sɔ, abe PI3K/Akt mɔ ene, wɔa dɔ. Ne wowɔ dɔ la, mɔ sia xea mɔ na protein siwo do ƒome kple apoptosis ƒe ɖeɖefia, si wɔnɛ be ƒumeŋuɖuiwo te ŋu léa woƒe ƒuwɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo ɖe te eye wòléa ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme yia edzi eye wònɔa te ^[1,3]..

Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Ƒumeŋuɖuiwo Dzi: Teriparatid ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe ƒumeŋuɖuiwo dzi sesẽ. Le atikeawo zazã ɣeaɖewoɣi me la, ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ƒumeŋuɖuiwo dzi to mɔnu siwo metso tẽ o dzi. Edoa osteoprotegerin (OPG), si nye cytokine si blana ɖe nuklia factor κB ligand (RANKL) ƒe receptor activator ŋu le hoʋiʋli me ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ. RANKL nye ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe vovototodedeameme kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔla vevi aɖe. Ne OPG bla ɖe RANKL ŋu la, RANKL mate ŋu abla ɖe RANK xɔla si le ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe anyime o, si wɔnɛ be ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe vovototodedeameme kple tsitsi nu eye wòɖea ƒu ƒe gbugbɔgaxɔ dzi kpɔtɔna. Le ƒumeŋuɖui dɔnɔwo gome, afisi ƒu ƒe gbugbɔgaxɔ wu wɔwɔme si hea ƒu ƒe bublu vɛ la, teriparatide ɖea ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔtɔna to mɔnu sia dzi. Esia nana dadasɔ le ƒu ƒe gbugbɔgaxɔ kple ewɔwɔ dome, si doa ƒu ƒe dzidziɖedzi ɖe ŋgɔ ^[2,3]..

Nɔnɔmetata 1 Teƒe siwo wowɔa dɔ le na ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe atikewɔwɔ gbãtɔwo. Teriparatid, si nye parathyroid hormone ƒe kakɛ si wogbugbɔ ƒo ƒu, doa ŋusẽ ƒu ƒe wɔwɔ to ƒumeŋuɖuiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me eye le mɔ sue aɖe nu la, exea mɔ na ƒumeŋuɖuiwo ƒe amewo xɔxɔ ^[4]..

Dzesi Mɔ Siwo Do Ƒome Kple Ƒu ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata ƒe Tɔtrɔ:

Wnt/β-Catenin Dzesi Mɔ: Wnt/β-catenin ƒe dzesimɔ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ƒu ƒe tsitsi kple ƒu ƒe homeostasis dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Teriparatid naa mɔ sia wɔa dɔ, si doa β-catenin ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kple nuklia ƒe ʋuʋu ɖe ŋgɔ. Nuklia β-catenin blana ɖe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nusiwo do ƒome kplii ŋu, si dzea domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ gɔme eye wònaa ƒumeŋuɖui tɔxɛ ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe akpa si nye Runx2 ƒe ɖeɖefia dzina ɖe edzi. Runx2 gaɖɔa ƒumeŋuɖuiwo ƒe vovototodedeameme kple dɔwɔwɔ ɖo, si wɔnɛ be ƒuwo ƒe wɔwɔme doa ŋgɔ. Mɔ sia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã xea mɔ na ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe vovototodedeameme ɖe ami lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu, si wɔnɛ be ƒumeŋuɖui mesenchymal stem cells ƒe vovototo geɖe wu yia ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dzidzime gbɔ, si wɔnɛ be ƒu ƒe lolome dzina ɖe edzi ^[1,3]..

PTH/PTHrP Xɔla ƒe Dzesi Mɔ: Teriparatid, si nye parathyroid hormone (PTH) ƒe nɔnɔmetata, koŋ wɔa eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo to eƒe kadodo kple PTH/PTHrP xɔla me. Ne Teriparatid bla la, ewɔa dzesimɔ siwo le anyime abe cAMP/PKA mɔ kple PLC/PKC mɔ ene ŋudɔ. Mɔ siawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nana ƒumeŋuɖui kple ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nɔa ɖoɖo nu, si doa ƒuwo ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. cAMP/PKA mɔa doa ŋusẽ domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe ɖeɖefia to asitɔtrɔ le nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nuwɔna ŋu me, esime PLC/PKC mɔa kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ yeye kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ʋuʋu dzi, si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe ʋuʋu kple dɔwɔwɔ dzi ^[2,5]..

Nukae nye Teriparatid ƒe dɔwɔwɔ?

Ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe Atikewɔwɔ

Ƒumeŋuɖui le Dzinukpɔkpɔ Megbe: Teriparatid ye nye atike gbãtɔ si wowɔ si dzi woda asi ɖo be woatsɔ ada nyɔnu siwo ƒe dzinukpɔkpɔ megbe siwo ŋu ƒumeŋuɖui sesẽ le. To ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me la, enaa ƒu ƒe lolome dzina ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be ƒu ƒe gbagbã ƒe afɔkua dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. Le nyɔnu siwo wu dzinukpɔkpɔ megbe la, teriparatide zazã gbesiagbe dzia ƒu ƒe mineral ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi, si ɖea afɔku si le akɔta ƒe gbagbã me dzi kpɔtɔna 65% eye wòɖea akɔta ƒe gbagbã si menye akɔta ƒe gbagbã o dzi kpɔtɔna 53% ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee. Meta-kuxiwo me dzodzro le dɔnɔ ɖekaɖekawo ƒe nyatakakawo ŋu ɖee fia be akɔta ƒe gbagbã ƒe afɔkua dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ 56% ne wotsɔe sɔ kple amesiwo ŋu wokpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo. Gawu la, ne wotsɔe sɔ kple risedronate la, Teriparatid ɖe afɔku si le akɔta ƒe gbagbã yeyewo kple dɔdaƒe ƒe gbagbã me dzi kpɔtɔ 56% kple 52%, le nyɔnu siwo ŋu ƒumeŋuɖui sesẽ le me ^[3,6,7]..

Ŋutsuwo ƒe Ƒumeŋuɖui: Woda asi ɖe edzi hã be woatsɔ ada ŋutsuwo ƒe ƒumeŋuɖui. Quattrocchi E kple ame bubuwo. ɖee fia be le ŋutsu ƒumeŋuɖui dɔnɔwo gome la, Teriparatid (20μg kple 40μg gbesiagbe dodo) na akɔtaƒu ƒe ƒu ƒe mineral density dzi ɖe edzi le akɔntabubu nu: 5.9% le 20μg ƒuƒoƒoa me kple 9.0% le 40μg ƒuƒoƒoa me (wo ame evea siaa P < 0.001). Le afɔkpodzi ƒe kɔ me la, ƒu ƒe kpekpeme dzi ɖe edzi 1.5% le 20μg ƒuƒoƒoa me (P = 0.021) kple 0.9% le 40μg ƒuƒoƒoa me (P < 0.001) ^[7]..

Glucocorticoid-Associated Osteoporosis: Wozãa teriparatid hã tsɔ daa ƒumeŋuɖui si glucocorticoid hena vɛ le ŋutsu kple nyɔnu dɔnɔ siwo ƒe ƒu gbagbã me, si kpena ɖe dɔnɔ siawo ŋu be wodzia ƒu ƒe lolome ɖe edzi eye wòɖea ƒu ƒe gbagbã kple ƒu ƒe gbagbã ƒe afɔku si do ƒome kple glucocorticoid zazã dzi kpɔtɔna ^[8]..

Kpekpeɖeŋunana na ƒu gbagbã: Le ƒu gbagbãdɔlélawo gome la, ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe le afisi ƒu gbagbã le le vevie ŋutɔ na dzadzraɖo, akpa si teriparatide ate ŋu awɔ. Wosrɔ̃ nu tso eŋu le lãwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo kple dɔnɔwo siaa me be enye nusi ate ŋu ana ƒu ƒe gbagbã ƒe dɔyɔyɔ nanyo ɖe edzi. Togbɔ be ehiã be woagawɔ numekuku bubuwo hã la, numekuku siwo li fifia ɖe ŋutete si le esi le gbagbã ƒe dɔyɔyɔ dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me fia ^[3]..

Alveolar Bone Regeneration: Numekuku siwo do ƒome kplii ɖee fia be Teriparatid ate ŋu asɔ na alveolar bone gbugbɔgadzɔ le nɔnɔmewo abe aɖu ƒe ƒu ƒe kuku, aɖuɖɔtoedɔléle si nɔa anyi didi, aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ ƒe ƒu ƒe ƒoƒo, kple aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ ƒe aɖu ƒe ʋuʋu, afisi wòdoa alveolar ƒu ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ le. Gake ehiã be woagawɔ amegbetɔwo ƒe dɔdamɔnu dodokpɔ bubuwo be woatsɔ aɖo kpe eƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi gbegblẽwo dzi le nu me ƒu ƒe dɔléle vovovowo me ^{[9] .}.

Ƒumeŋuɖui si do ƒome kple fufɔfɔ kple no nana: Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ƒumeŋuɖui si do ƒome kple fufɔfɔ kple no nana (PLO) gome la, atikewɔwɔ kple Teriparatid (20μg/ŋkeke) si wotsɔ kpe ɖe calcium kple vitamin D ŋu na akɔtaƒu ƒe ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ le ɣleti 12 kple 24 me ne wotsɔe sɔ kple calcium kple vitamin D ɖeɖeko. Le ɣleti 12 me la, akɔtaƒu ƒe ƒu ƒe mineral density ƒe dzidziɖedzi le mama dedie nu nye 20.9 ± 11.9% le teriparatide ƒuƒoƒoa me tsɔ wu 6.2 ± 4.8% le ƒuƒoƒo si me wokpɔa wo gbɔ le me (P < 0.001). Le ɣleti 24 me la, akɔtaƒu ƒe ƒu ƒe mineral density ƒe dzidziɖedzi le mama dedie nu nye 32.9 ± 13.4% le dɔnɔ 7 siwo wotsɔ Teriparatid da dɔ na me eye 12.2 ± 4.2% le dɔnɔ 6 siwo wotsɔ kpɔ egbɔ me (P = 0.001). Dɔdaƒe ƒe gbagbãƒe yeye aɖeke medzɔ le atikewɔwɔ me o ^{[10] .}.

Dɔwɔwɔ Tɔxɛwo: Woka nya ta tso teriparatid ŋu le nudzɔdzɔwo ŋuti numekukuwo me le ƒumeŋuɖui tɔxɛwo ŋu, abe ƒumeŋuɖui si do ƒome kple ƒumeŋuɖui (ABD) si me ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ sɔ gbɔ ɖo ene. Nyɔnu aɖe si xɔ ƒe 51 si nɔa te ɖe ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ dzi la xɔ hypercalcemia le parathyroidectomy megbe, si woɖo kpe edzi to ƒumeŋuɖui me be enye ABD. Le Teriparatid dɔdamɔnu ɣleti 12 megbe la, serum calcium ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ va sɔ, si tsi tre ɖi na Teriparatid ƒe dɔléle gbãtɔ si ŋu woŋlɔ nu tsoe si kpɔ ABD-si do ƒome kple hypercalcemia gbɔ ^[11]..

Nyanuwuwuw

Teriparatid wɔa dɔ nyuie na ƒumeŋuɖui sesẽ si me ƒu ƒe gbagbã ƒe afɔku le ŋutɔ. Wofiae na dɔnɔ siwo ƒe ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe gbagbã zi geɖe le ŋutinya me, ƒumeŋuɖui siwo mesɔ gbɔ kura o, eye womewɔa nu ɖe ​​ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe atikewɔmɔnu siwo wozãna ɖaa ŋu o.

Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu

Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla

Susan V. Bukata nye numekula le Rochester Yunivɛsiti ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Kple Aɖudɔdada Suku, eye wòbi ɖe ƒumeŋutinunya kple lãmekawo ƒe dɔlélewo me. Ewɔ ɖeka kple agbalẽ gbogbo aɖewo siwo ƒo nu tso ƒu ƒe agbenɔnɔ ŋuti nunya, ƒu ƒe gbagbã ƒe dɔyɔyɔ, kple atike siwo naa lãmekawo abe teriparatide ene zazã le atikewɔnyawo me le ƒumeŋutinunya me ŋu. Eƒe dɔa na wose atikewɔwɔmɔnu siwo wozãna tsɔ doa ƒuwo ɖɔɖɔɖo kple wo gbugbɔgadzɔ ɖe ŋgɔe gɔme. Woŋlɔ Susan V. Bukata ŋkɔ ɖe nya siwo woyɔ [1] me.

▎ Nyayɔyɔ Siwo Sɔ

[1] Bukata S. V., Puzas J. E., kple ame bubuwo. Teriparatide zazã le ƒumeŋuɖui me. Fifia ƒe Ƒumeŋuɖui Ŋuti Nyatakakawo 2010; 8(1): 28-33.DOI: 10.1007/s11914-010-0006-3.

[2] Hasegawa T, Miyamoto Y, Yamamoto T, Amizuka N. [Teriparatide ƒe anabolic dɔwɔwɔ na ƒumeŋuɖui dɔnɔwo]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi ƒe ƒe 2019; 153(1): 16-21.DOI: 10.1254/fpj.153.16.

[3] Marin F, Ma YL, kple ame bubuwo. Ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe Gbagbã kple Ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe Dɔlélewo: Mɔnu, Dzodzro, Kple Atikewɔwɔ. Le: Takahashi H. E., Burr D. B., Yamamoto N., eŋlɔlawo. Teriparatid si woyɔna be teriparatid. Singapore: Springer Singapore ƒe agbalẽ; 2022: 339-359.DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-5613-2_22.

[4] Hanley D, Adachi J, Bell A, Brown V. Denosumab: Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu kple dɔdamɔnu me tsonu. Dukɔwo Dome Dɔdamɔnu Ŋuti Nuŋlɔɖigbalẽ 2012; 66.DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12022.

[5] Kim S. Parathyroid hormone ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple eƒe dɔwɔwɔ le ƒumeŋuɖui me. Koreatɔwo ƒe Atikewɔlawo ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ 2022; 65: 361-365.DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.6.361.

[6] Stroup JS, Kane MP, Abu-Baker A. Teriparatid le ƒumeŋuɖui dada me. Amerikatɔwo ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Ŋuti Nuŋlɔɖigbalẽ : Ajhp : Amerikatɔwo ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha ƒe Atikewɔlawo ƒe Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ 2008; 65 6: 532-539. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID: 207290777. Ƒe 1999 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me.

[7] Quattrocchi E, Kourlas H. Teriparatid: numetoto aɖe. Dɔnɔdzikpɔƒe ƒe Atikewɔwɔ 2004; 26 6: 841-854 ƒe xexlẽdzesi. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID: 20011673. Ƒe 1999 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me.

[8] Minisola S, Cipriani C, Grotta G. D., kple ame bubuwo. Nyatakaka yeye tso teriparatide ƒe dedienɔnɔ kple eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu le ƒumeŋuɖui dada me. Atikewɔwɔ ƒe Ŋgɔyiyi le Lãmetsiŋusẽdɔléle me 2019;DOI: 10.1177/1759720X19877994.

[9] Agnihotri R, Gaur S. Teriparatid zazã hena Alveolar Ƒu ƒe Gbugbɔgadzɔ: Totoɖeme si Wowɔ Ðe Ðoɖo Nu. Dukɔwo Dome Aɖudɔdada Habɔbɔ si Kpɔa Mɔxexe Ðe Enu Kple Nutoa Me ƒe Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ 2021; 11 (6): 639-643.DOI: 10.4103 / jispcd.JISPCD_169_21.

[10] Lampropoulou-Adamidou K, Trovas G, Triantafyllopoulos I. K., kple ame bubuwo. Teriparatid Dɔdamɔnu na Dɔnɔ Siwo Ŋu Fufɔfɔ Kple No Nana Ƒumeŋuɖui Le. Calcified Tissue Dukɔwo Dome 2021; 109(5): 554-562.DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00871-ƒe ƒe.

[11] Peugh J, Khalil A, Chan M. R., Hansen K. E., kple ame bubuwo. Teriparatid ƒe Atikewɔwɔ na Hypercalcemia si Do Ƒome Kple Ƒumedɔléle si Mewɔa Dɔ Le O. Jbmr Plus ƒe 2019; 3(7): e10176.DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10176.

NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.  

Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.