▎ Nnyocha Pancragen
Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke Pancragen?
Nkwalite nke ịka nká na nchọpụta ọrịa: Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-agba mbọ ịchọta ihe na ụzọ ndị nwere ike itinye aka na usoro ịka nká ma melite mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ndị metụtara ya. N'ime nyocha nke usoro ịka nká, achọpụtara na mbelata ọrụ pancreatic na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'omume na mmepe nke ọtụtụ ọrịa geriatric, nke mere ka ndị nchọpụta lekwasị anya na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe nke nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ pancreatic.
Nchọgharị nke Ihe Peptide: Ihe peptide nwere ọrụ dịgasị iche iche dị mkpa n'ime ahụ ma dị oke nchebe na mmetụta ole na ole. Ndị nchọpụta enyochala mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ikike ịhazi ọrụ pancreatic n'etiti ọtụtụ ihe peptide. Site na nyocha nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke peptides eke na sịntetik, achọpụtara na ụfọdụ peptides nwere usoro amino acid akọwapụtara nwere ike inwe mmetụta nchịkwa na ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic.
Nchọpụta nke Pancragen: Mgbe ọtụtụ nyocha na nyocha, ndị nchọpụta chọpụtara tetrapeptide Pancragen, nke nwere usoro amino acid nke Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ egosila na Pancragen egosipụtala mmetụta dị mma na mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic na nnwale cell na ụdị anụmanụ, dị ka ịkwalite ọdịiche nke cell pancreatic na ịhazi nzuzo nke insulin na glucagon, na-atọ ntọala maka nyocha na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ na-esote.
Kedu ihe bụ usoro nke Pancragen?
1. Mmetụta na Pancreatic cell iche
Na-akpali nkwupụta nke ihe dị iche iche: Ka mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic na-aka nká, ngosipụta nke akara ọdịiche ha na-ebelata. Pancragen nwere ike kpalie nkwupụta nke ihe dị iche iche na mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, gụnyere na-akpali akpali okwu nke ihe dị iche iche na sel acinar (Pdx1, Ptfla) na sel sel. A na-ahụ mmetụta a n'ọdịnala 'nwatakịrị' na 'ochie' [1] . Mmetụta a na-akpali akpali na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic. Karịsịa n'oge usoro ịka nká, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite ọdịiche dị n'etiti cell, si otú a na-eme ka ọrụ nke pancreas dịkwuo elu.
Usoro mgbochi ọrịa shuga na mgbochi mkpali: Ihe dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ acinar pancreatic na sel agwaetiti nke Pancragen kpatara nwere ike ịbụ otu n'ime usoro nke mgbochi ọrịa shuga na mgbochi mkpali. Site n'ịkwalite ọdịiche nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, Pancragen nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, na-eme ka ha nwee ike ịhazi ọkwa glucose ọbara nke ọma, ma nwee ike ibelata nzaghachi mkpali [1] . Ihe odide ederede na-arụ ọrụ nchịkwa dị mkpa na ọdịiche nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, na Pancragen na-elekwasị anya na ihe ndị a na-edegharị akwụkwọ na ọgwụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ dị irè maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga na pancreatitis [1]..
2. Mmetụta na Ọrụ Endocrine nke Pancreas na enwe Agadi
Na-emeziwanye metabolism nke glucose: N'ime ụmụ enwe meworo agadi, mgbe ọ gbasasịrị ọkwa glucose ọ bụla, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ enwe, ọnụ ọgụgụ glucose 'mpụta' na enwe ndị agadi na-adị ala, na ọkwa kachasị elu nke insulin na C-peptide (nkeji 5 na nkeji 15 ka ịgbanye glucose) dị elu. Nlekọta Pancragen (tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp) (50μg kwa anụmanụ kwa ụbọchị, ịgba ọgwụ intramuscular, maka ụbọchị 10) nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ glucose 'mpụpụ' nke ukwuu na enwe agadi ma mezie kinetics nke insulin plasma na nzaghachi C-peptide na glucose [2]..
Mmetụta mweghachi na-adịgide adịgide: Mmetụta Pancragen na iweghachi ọrụ pancreatic na-aga n'ihu n'otu akụkụ ka ewepụrụ ọgwụ ahụ. Izu atọ ka ịkwụsị ọgwụ ahụ, mmetụta Pancragen na iweghachi ọrụ pancreatic nke enwe agadi ka na-ejigide ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, na-egosi na Pancragen nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ogologo oge [2]..
3. Mmezi nke Metabolic Disorders na Agadi
Mbelata glucose ọbara na ọkwa insulin: N'ime ndị agadi nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, Pancragen nwere ike ibelata ọkwa glucose dị ukwuu n'oge obubu ọnụ yana n'ụdị nnwale nnabata glucose, yana belata ntinye insulin na ntinye insulin na plasma. Maka ndị ọrịa na-anataghị ọgwụgwọ Pancragen, ọ nweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla na ndeksi metabolism nke carbohydrate a hụrụ. Nke a na-egosi na Pancragen nwere mmetụta mgbazi na nsogbu metabolic nke ndị agadi, ọkachasị maka ndị agadi nwere ọrịa shuga 2 ..
Imelite Nguzogide Insulin: Nsogbu nke ọrụ mmepụta melatonin nke pineal na ndị agadi na-enye aka na mmepe nke nguzogide insulin. Nlekọta nke Pancragen bụ ụzọ na-ekwe nkwa iji dozie nguzogide insulin na ndị agadi. N'ime ndị ọrịa agadi, Pancragen peptide nwere mmetụta hypoglycemic ọzọ na ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, ọkachasị n'ime ndị ọrịa nwere oke insulin na mbụ na hyperinsulinemia. N'okpuru mmetụta nke nkwadebe peptide, index Homa insulin resistance index na-ebelata [4]..
Kedu ihe bụ ngwa Pancragen?
1. Mmetụta mgbochi ịka nká
Ka ndị mmadụ na-aka nká, ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic na-ebelata nke nta nke nta. Pancragen nwere ike kpalie ngosipụta nke ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche na mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, kwalite ọrụ cell, ma melite ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, si otú a na-egbu oge usoro ịka nká nke pancreas ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ịka nká na-eduga na mbelata ọrụ cell pancreatic ma na-abawanye ohere nke ọrịa metabolic dị ka ọrịa shuga. Pancragen nwere ike igbu oge usoro ịka nká nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic site na ịkpali ngosipụta nke ihe dị iche na sel pancreatic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ nnwale anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic n'ime anụmanụ ndị agadi ma na-egbu oge usoro ịka nká nke pancreas [4]..
2. Na-akwado Pancreatic Cell iche
Pancragen nwere ike imekọrịta usoro DNA na sel pancreatic, na-emetụta okwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, wee si otú a kwalite ọdịiche nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, na-ejigide nhazi na ọrụ nke pancreas. Usoro ihe omume a na-egosi na Pancragen nwere ike ịmalite ụzọ mgbaàmà nke ọdịiche mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic site na ịhazi okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchọpụta achọpụtala na Pancragen nwere ike ime ka nkwupụta nke ụfọdụ isi ihe dị iche iche dị na mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic [1] . Ihe odide ederede na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na usoro dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic. Ha nwere ike ịhazi mmepe na ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic ma nọgide na-arụ ọrụ physiological nkịtị nke pancreas.
3. Na-achịkwa insulin na glucagon secretion
N'ime nyocha, Pancragen egosila mmetụta nkwado na ọrụ endocrine nke pancreas, na-enyere aka ịhazi nzuzo nke insulin na glucagon ma nọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke glucose ọbara. Insulin na glucagon bụ homonụ dị mkpa maka ịhazi ọkwa glucose ọbara, na nguzozi nke nzuzo ha dị oke mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa glucose ọbara kwụsiri ike. Pancragen nwere ike na-achịkwa mmepụta insulin na glucagon site na imetụta ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nnwale anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike belata ọkwa glucose ọbara ma mezie ọkwa insulin na C-peptide [5] . Nke a na-egosi na Pancragen nwere ike imeziwanye glucose metabolism ma nọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke glucose ọbara site na ịhazi ọrụ endocrine nke pancreas.
4. Na-akwalite itule glucose ọbara
Imelite nguzogide insulin: Pancragen nwere oke ọrụ n'ịhazi ọkwa glucose ọbara. Ọ nwere ike belata ọkwa glucose ọbara na-ebu ọnụ, belata ntinye insulin na ndenye nguzogide insulin, wee nwee mmetụta dị mma n'ịkwalite nguzogide insulin. Nguzogide insulin bụ otu n'ime ọrịa dị mkpa nke ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, yana imeziwanye nguzogide insulin nwere ike igbochi ma gwọọ ọrịa shuga nke ọma. Pancragen nwere ike ịhazi nnabata na ojiji nke glucose site na mkpụrụ ndụ, na-ebelata ọkwa glucose ọbara, ma belata mmepụta insulin, si otú ahụ na-eme ka nguzogide insulin dịkwuo elu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ ihe ọmụmụ ụdị anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike belata ọkwa glucose ọbara ma melite nguzogide insulin [2, 4]..
Na-achịkwa Metabolism Glucose: Ọ nwere ike ịhazi nnabata na ojiji nke glucose site na sel site na imetụta enzymes isi na glucose metabolism, na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa glucose ọbara kwụsiri ike, nke dị oke mkpa maka igbochi na imeziwanye nsogbu metabolic dị ka metabolic syndrome. Metabolism nke glucose bụ usoro dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ physiological nkịtị nke ahụ mmadụ. Ịchịkwa glucose metabolism nwere ike igbochi ma gwọọ ọrịa metabolic dị ka ọrịa shuga. Pancragen nwere ike ịhazi nnabata na ojiji nke glucose site na sel site na imetụta enzymes isi na glucose metabolism, dị ka ndị na-ebu glucose na hexokinase, iji nọgide na-enwe ọkwa glucose ọbara kwụsiri ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ nnwale anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike ịhazi glucose metabolism ma melite ọkwa glucose ọbara [2, 4]..
5. Na-akwado Ọrụ Endocrine
Ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke homonụ: Mmetụta nchịkwa nke Pancragen na ọrụ endocrine nke pancreas na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke ọkwa hormone n'ime ahụ, karịsịa nguzozi n'etiti insulin na glucagon, nke dị oké mkpa maka ahụike metabolic zuru oke. Insulin na glucagon bụ homonụ dị mkpa maka ịhazi ọkwa glucose ọbara, na nguzozi nke nzuzo ha dị oke mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa glucose ọbara kwụsiri ike. Pancragen nwere ike idowe nguzozi n'etiti insulin na glucagon site na ịhazi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ nnwale anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike ịhazi mmepụta insulin na glucagon ma nọgide na-enwe ọkwa glucose ọbara kwụsiri ike [2, 4]..
6. Nlekọta ọrịa shuga
Ịchịkwa ọkwa glucose ọbara na ọkwa insulin: N'ọmụmụ ihe ụfọdụ, Pancragen egosila mmetụta nke ibelata ọkwa glucose ọbara dị ka nke ọgwụ hypoglycemic a na-ejikarị. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere ike ịhazi ọkwa nke insulin na C-peptide nke ọma nke ọma, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-abụ ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ọrịa shuga. Ọrịa shuga bụ ọrịa metabolic siri ike, na ịchịkwa ọkwa glucose ọbara bụ isi ihe na-enye ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga. Pancragen nwere ike belata ọkwa glucose ọbara ma mezie ọkwa insulin na C-peptide site na ịhazi ọrụ endocrine nke pancreas. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ nnwale anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike wedata ọkwa glucose ọbara ma mezie ọkwa insulin na C-peptide, yana mmetụta yiri nke ọgwụ hypoglycemic a na-ejikarị [2, 4, 5]..
Na-echebe ọrụ β-cell nke Pancreatic: Site na ịkwalite ọrụ na ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic, Pancragen nwere ike inye aka chebe sel β-pancreatic ma belata ọganihu nke ọrịa shuga, nke dị oke mkpa maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga. Mkpụrụ ndụ β-pancreatic bụ mkpụrụ ndụ bụ isi na-emepụta insulin, na ichekwa ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ β-pancreatic dị mkpa maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga. Pancragen nwere ike ichekwa mkpụrụ ndụ β-pancreatic site na imeziwanye ọrụ na ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic.
7. Ọgwụgwọ ọrịa pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala
Mbelata nzaghachi mbufụt: Pancragen nwere ụfọdụ mmetụta mgbochi mkpali, nke nwere ike ibelata nzaghachi mkpali nke pancreas wee belata ihe mgbaàmà nke pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala. Ọrịa pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala bụ ọrịa pancreatic a na-ahụkarị, nzaghachi mkpasu iwe bụ otu n'ime njirimara pathological dị mkpa nke pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala. Pancragen nwere ike ibelata nzaghachi mkpali nke pancreas site n'ịhazi okwu nke ihe ndị na-akpasu iwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ nnwale anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike ibelata nzaghachi mkpali nke pancreas ma wepụ ihe mgbaàmà nke pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala.
Ịkwalite Mmezi Tissue Pancreatic: Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite nrụzi na ịmaliteghachi anụ ahụ pancreatic site na ịhazi mgbasawanye cell na ọdịiche dị iche iche, na-enyere aka melite ọnọdụ ọrụ nke pancreas. Ndozi na mmeghari nke anụ ahụ pancreatic dị oke mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala. Pancragen nwere ike ịkwalite nrụzi na ịmaliteghachi anụ ahụ pancreatic site n'ịchịkwa mmụba cell na ọdịiche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ nnwale anụmanụ, Pancragen nwere ike ịkwalite nrụzi na ịmaliteghachi anụ ahụ pancreatic ma melite ọnọdụ ọrụ nke pancreas.
Na mmechi, Pancragen na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite mmetụta mgbochi ịka nká, na-achịkwa ọrụ pancreatic, na-akwalite nguzozi nke glucose ọbara, na-akwado ọrụ endocrine, yana njikwa ọrịa shuga na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala.
Banyere Onye dere ya
Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.
Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị
Khavinson VK bụ onye nyocha ama ama nke nwere nnukwu njikọ n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ ama ama. Ndị a gụnyere Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, North-Western State Medical University aha ya bụ II Mechnikov, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, na Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.
Ihe gbasara nyocha ya gbasara mpaghara dị iche iche dị ka Research & Experimental Medicine, Geriatrics & Gerontology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, na Neurosciences & Neurology. N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, o nyela onyinye dị ukwuu na mpaghara ndị a, na-akwalite nghọta nke usoro ndu dị iche iche na ọnọdụ ahụike.
