Bya Cocer Peptides 
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EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA.
Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu vitro (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.
Okulambika okutwaliza awamu
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) ye polypeptide ekuumibwa ennyo nga erimu amino acids 28 ekola kinene mu kulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri munda mu mubiri. Mu kusooka yayawulwa okuva mu bikuta bya thymus era efunye ettutumu mu by’obutafaali obuziyiza endwadde olw’obutonde bwayo obw’enjawulo obukyusa abaserikale b’omubiri. Obutabeera na busimu obuziyiza endwadde kitegeeza obutali bwa bulijjo mu nkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri, ekivaako okukendeeza ku busobozi bw’okuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’okumalawo obutoffaali obutali bwa bulijjo. Embeera eno eyinza okuva ku bintu eby’enjawulo, omuli ensonga z’obuzaale ezizaalibwa n’ensonga ezifunibwa nga yinfekisoni, okukozesa eddagala, n’ebizimba ebibi. Abalwadde abalina obuzibu bw’abaserikale b’omubiri boolekagana n’obulabe obw’amaanyi obw’okukwatibwa obulwadde, era yinfekisoni zitera okuvaamu embeera ez’amaanyi ennyo n’okwongera okukaluubirirwa mu bujjanjabi.
Ekifaananyi 1 Enkola y’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde ya Tα1 n’enkola y’ebikolwa.
Okwekenenya mu bujjuvu enkola z’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde
Okulungamya okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali bwa T: Tα1 ekola kinene nnyo mu kulungamya okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali bwa T. Mu thymus, Tα1 esobola okusitula okwawukana kw’obutoffaali bwa thymic, okutumbula enkyukakyuka yabwo okuva mu butoffaali bwa jjajja okudda mu butoffaali bwa T obukulu. Enkola eno erimu okukola amakubo agalaga obubonero amangi, gamba ng’okusiba ku bikwata ebitongole ku ngulu w’obutoffaali bwa T, okukola ensengekera z’okukyusa obubonero mu butoffaali, n’okuleeta enkyukakyuka mu kwolesebwa kw’ensonga z’okuwandiika ezikwatagana, bwe kityo ne kifuga okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana n’enkula y’obutoffaali bwa T. Obutoffaali bwa T obukulu bukola kinene mu buziyiza bw’obutoffaali munda mu nkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri, omuli okutegeera n’okutta obutoffaali obulina akawuka n’obutoffaali bw’ekizimba. Tα1 eyongera okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali bwa T, bwe kityo n’eteekawo obuziyiza bw’obutoffaali obw’amaanyi eri omubiri.
Okukola kw’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri obuzaaliranwa: Tα1 nayo erina ekikolwa ekikola ku butoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri obuzaaliranwa. Macrophages, nga bammemba abakulu ab’abaserikale b’omubiri abazaalibwa, balaga obusobozi bwa phagocytic obwongezeddwa ennyo wansi w’okufugibwa Tα1. Tα1 ekola ebikwata ku Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ku ngulu kwa macrophages, okutandika amakubo g’obubonero wansi agasitula macrophages okufulumya cytokines ez’enjawulo, omuli tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), n’endala. Cytokines zino tezikoma ku kwongera ku busimu obuziyiza endwadde bwa macrophages zennyini wabula era ziwandiika n’okukola obutoffaali obulala obw’abaserikale, ekivaako okuddamu kw’abaserikale okugazi. Tα1 era eyongera ku butwa bw’obutoffaali bw’obutoffaali obutta obutonde (NK), ne busobozesa okumanya obulungi n’okutta obutoffaali obulina akawuka oba obutoffaali bw’ekizimba, bwe kityo ne kiteekawo layini esooka ey’okwekuuma eri abaserikale b’omubiri.
Okulungamya bbalansi y’omukutu gwa cytokine: Cytokines zikola ng’ababaka mu baserikale b’omubiri, okulungamya enkolagana wakati w’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri n’amaanyi g’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Tα1 esobola okulungamya obulungi bbalansi y’omukutu gwa cytokine. Mu mbeera y’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, Tα1 etumbula okufulumya kwa Th1-type cytokines (nga interferon-γ, IFN-γ), okutumbula enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri mu butoffaali. Mu mbeera z’abaserikale b’omubiri okusukkiridde okukola, Tα1 esobola okuziyiza okukola okuyitiridde kwa cytokines ezimu eziyamba okuzimba (nga interleukin-6, IL-6), okukendeeza ku kwonooneka okuva mu kuddamu kw’okuzimba eri omubiri. Kino ekikolwa eky’okulungamya eky’enjuyi bbiri kisobozesa Tα1 okutereeza mu ngeri ekyukakyuka amaanyi n’obulagirizi bw’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri okusinziira ku nkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’abaserikale b’omubiri, okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri homeostasis.
Okuyingiza amakubo agakwatagana n’okugumiikiriza abaserikale b’omubiri: Tα1 esobola okukola ekkubo lya tryptophan catabolic erikwatagana n’okugumiikiriza abaserikale b’omubiri nga etereeza emirimu gy’enziyiza etereeza abaserikale b’omubiri indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO ekola ku nkyukakyuka ya tryptophan, ekivaako okukendeeza ku miwendo gya tryptophan mu microenvironment y’obutoffaali, bwe kityo n’eziyiza okukula kw’obutoffaali bwa T n’okukola, ne kireetera abaserikale okugumiikiriza. Mu mbeera nga endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri oba enkola y’okugaana okusimbuliza, Tα1 eyamba okumenyawo enzirukanya embi ey’okusukkiridde kw’abaserikale b’omubiri ng’ekola ekkubo lino, okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’obulwadde obukwatagana n’abaserikale b’omubiri, n’okutondawo embeera entonotono ey’abaserikale b’omubiri (relatively stable immune microenvironment) eri omubiri.
Omulimu mu ndwadde ezeekuusa ku buzibu bw’abaserikale b’omubiri
Obuzibu bw’abaserikale b’omubiri obuzaalibwa nabwo: Obuzibu bw’abaserikale b’omubiri obuzaalibwa nabwo buva ku nsonga z’obuzaale eziviirako abaserikale obutakula bulungi oba obutakola bulungi. Ku balwadde abamu abalina obuzibu bw’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde mu butoffaali bwa T obuzaalibwa, obujjanjabi bwa Tα1 busobola okulongoosa ennyo enkola y’obutoffaali bwa T. Mu mbeera z’obutabeera na busimu obuziyiza endwadde obuzaaliranwa obukwatagana n’obulwadde bwa thymic hypoplasia, Tα1 etumbula okwawukana n’okukula kw’obutoffaali bwa thymic, eyongera ku muwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa T obukulu mu musaayi ogw’okumpi, eyongera ku nkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri mu butoffaali, era eyongera ku buziyiza bw’omulwadde eri obuwuka obuleeta endwadde, okukendeeza ku mirundi n’obuzibu bw’obulwadde. Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera eky’obujjanjabi bwa Tα1, ekitundu ky’obutoffaali bwa T mu mubiri gw’omulwadde kidda mpolampola mu mbeera eya bulijjo, emiwendo gya immunoglobulin gyeyongera, era obubonero bw’obujjanjabi butereera nnyo.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Mukenenya): Mukenenya ava ku kukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu, nga kano okusinga katunuulira CD4+ T lymphocytes, ekivaako okwonooneka okw’amaanyi eri abaserikale b’omubiri. Tα1 ekola emirimu egy’enjawulo mu kujjanjaba mukenenya. Kiyinza okutumbula enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri mu bantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu, okwongera ku muwendo n’emirimu gy’obutoffaali bwa CD4+ T, n’okuzzaawo ekitundu ku busobozi bw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Tα1 bw’eyongerwa ku bujjanjabi obuziyiza akawuka ka siriimu obukola ennyo (HAART), kiyinza okuvaako okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu muwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa CD4+ T n’ebiva mu kuzzaawo abaserikale b’omubiri ebirungi. Tα1 era esobola okulung’amya bbalansi ya cytokine mu balwadde, okukendeeza ku kuddamu kw’okuzimba, okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’okuzimba okutambula obutasalako okuva mu kukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu n’okukola kw’abaserikale b’omubiri, n’okulongoosa omutindo gw’obulamu bw’abalwadde n’okuwangaala.
Ekifaananyi 2 Enkyukakyuka mu miwendo gya sjTREC (copies/μ1 blood) mu PBMCs okuva mu balwadde abanoonyereza. Embaawo z’ensobi ziraga ebitundu 95% eby’obwesige n’omuwendo gwa P ogwabalirirwa nga tukozesa ekigezo kya Mann–Whitney U-test.
Obutabeera na busimu obuziyiza endwadde obukwatagana n’ebizimba ebibi: Abalwadde abalina ebizimba batera okufuna okukosebwa kw’abaserikale b’omubiri nga obulwadde bugenda mu maaso n’oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obujjanjabi nga eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde n’okuweebwa amasannyalaze. Tα1 erina ekikolwa ekinene eky’okulongoosa mu nsonga eno. Kyongera ku busimu bw’omubiri obuziyiza ebizimba nga bukola obutoffaali bw’abaserikale nga T cells ne NK cells, bwe kityo ne kilongoosa obusobozi bwabwo okutegeera n’okutta obutoffaali bw’ekizimba. Tα1 esobola okukendeeza ku buzibu bw’okuziyiza obusimu obuziyiza endwadde obw’eddagala n’obujjanjabi obw’amasannyalaze n’okutumbula okuddamu okukola kw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Ku balwadde abalina kookolo w’amawuggwe atali wa butoffaali butono ne kookolo w’ekibumba abalongooseddwa okusalako, okukozesa Tα1 mu bujjanjabi obuyamba kuyinza okulongoosa ennyo obulamu okutwalira awamu. Ku balwadde abalina kookolo w’amawuggwe atali wa butoffaali butono akula mu kitundu, atasalako, Tα1 esobola okukendeeza ennyo ku bikolwa ebibi nga lymphocytopenia ne pneumonia ebiva ku ddagala lya chemoradiotherapy, era waliwo omuze ogw’okulongoosa obulamu okutwalira awamu.
Obutabeera na busimu obuziyiza endwadde obuva ku yinfekisoni: Mu yinfekisoni ez’amaanyi, gamba nga sepsis ey’amaanyi, omubiri gutera okuyingira mu mbeera y’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, ekizibuwalira abalwadde okuziyiza yinfekisoni za bakitiriya ezisookerwako, okukendeeza ku buziyiza endwadde ez’okubiri ezifunibwa mu ddwaaliro, n’okwongera ku bulabe bw’okuddamu okukwatibwa akawuka. Tα1 ekakasiddwa nti ezzaawo enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri n’okuyamba okukendeeza ku kufa mu balwadde abalina obulwadde bwa sepsis obw’amaanyi. Kino kituukiriza nga ekola obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri obuzaaliranwa n’okulungamya enkola y’obutoffaali bwa T okutumbula obusobozi bw’omubiri okulongoosa obuwuka obuleeta endwadde, ate nga ekyusakyusa omukutu gwa cytokine okukendeeza ku kwonooneka okuva mu kuddamu kw’okuzimba okuyitiridde, bwe kityo ne kitereeza ebiva mu mulwadde.
Enkozesa y’obujjanjabi mu kiseera kino n’ebisuubirwa mu biseera eby’omu maaso
Enkozesa y’obujjanjabi mu kiseera kino: Tα1 ekozesebwa nnyo mu kujjanjaba abalwadde ba kookolo n’abo abalina yinfekisoni ez’amaanyi, era yassibwa mu bwangu ng’ekiziyiza obusimu obuziyiza endwadde mu kiseera ky’obulwadde bw’okussa obw’amaanyi (SARS) ne COVID-19. Mu nkola y’obujjanjabi, Tα1 etera okuweebwa ng’eyita mu mpiso wansi w’olususu, ekiraga okugumira obulungi, ng’okunoonyereza okusinga kulaga okunyiiga okw’ekitundu kwokka mu kifo we bafuyira.
Okugatta n’engeri endala ez’obujjanjabi: Okwongera okutumbula obulungi bw’obujjanjabi, Tα1 etera okukozesebwa ng’egatta wamu n’engeri endala ez’obujjanjabi. Mu oncology, Tα1 eraga ebikolwa eby’amaanyi eby’okukwatagana nga egattibwa wamu n’ebirungo ebijjanjaba eddagala. Kyongera ku mirimu gy’eddagala eriweweeza ku bizimba ate nga kikendeeza ku buzibu bwalyo obuziyiza obusimu bw’omubiri, bwe kityo ne kilongoosa omutindo gw’obulamu bw’abalwadde. Mu bujjanjabi bwa kookolo n’ebiziyiza okukebera obusimu obuziyiza endwadde (ICIs), Tα1 nayo erina ebikolwa ebiyinza okukwatagana. Tα1 esobola okuzzaawo macrophage M2 polarization nga ekola TLR7/SHIP1 axis, okutumbula obuziyiza obuziyiza ebizimba, n'okukyusa 'ebizimba ebinyogovu' mu 'ebizimba ebibuguma,' bwe kityo n'elongoosa obulungi bwa ICIs. Tα1 era eyinza okukola omulimu gw’obukuumi mu kukendeeza ku buzibu obukwatagana n’abaserikale b’omubiri ng’obulwadde bw’olubuto obuva ku ICIs.
Mu bufunzi
Nga obujjanjabi bwa peptide obupya, Prostamax eraga ebirungi mu by’obulamu bw’enseke. Okuva ku nkola yaayo ey’enjawulo ey’okukola okutuuka ku bikolwa byayo ebinene mu kulongoosa okuzimba, okukuuma ensengekera y’ebitundu by’omubiri, n’okutumbula enkola y’okuzaala, awamu n’amakubo gaayo ag’enjawulo ag’okukozesa mu bujjanjabi obw’obujjanjabi, okuziyiza, n’obujjanjabi obw’omugatte, kiyamba mu kujjanjaba n’okuziyiza endwadde z’enseke.
Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa
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[6] Chadwick D, Pido-Lopez J, Pires A, n’abalala. Okunoonyereza okugezesa ku bulamu n’obulungi bwa thymosin alpha 1 mu kwongera okuddamu okukola kw’abaserikale b’omubiri mu balwadde abalina akawuka ka siriimu nga balina omuwendo gwa CD4 omutono nga bamira eddagala eriweweeza ku kawuka ka siriimu erikola ennyo[J]. Obujjanjabi n’okugezesa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, 2003, 134 (3): 477-481.DOI: 10.1111 / j.1365-2249.2003.02331.x.
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Ekintu ekiriwo okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza kwokka:
