Los ntawm Cocer Peptides 
22 hnub dhau los
Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.
Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.
Txheej txheem cej luam
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) yog ib qho tshwj xeeb polypeptide uas muaj 28 amino acids uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev. Nws tau pib cais tawm los ntawm thymus extracts thiab tau txais qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kab mob-modulating zog. Lub cev tsis muaj zog yog hais txog qhov txawv txav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua rau txo qis kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob ntxeem tau thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob txawv txav. Tus mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces thiab kis tau zoo xws li kis kab mob, siv tshuaj, thiab qog nqaij hlav malignant. Cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ntsib kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob ntau dua, thiab kev kis kab mob feem ntau ua rau muaj mob hnyav dua thiab muaj teeb meem kev kho mob ntxiv.
Daim duab 1 Immunoregulation ntawm Tα1 thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
In-depth tsom xam ntawm immunoregulatory mechanisms
Kev tswj ntawm T cell maturation thiab sib txawv: Tα1 plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv ntawm T cell. Hauv thymus, Tα1 tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm thymic hlwb, txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb progenitor mus rau cov laus T hlwb. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev ua kom muaj ntau yam kev taw qhia, xws li khi rau cov receptors tshwj xeeb ntawm T hlwb, ua kom cov teeb liab intracellular transduction cascades, thiab ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev qhia txog cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam, yog li tswj cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob ntsig txog T cell txoj kev loj hlob. Mature T hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cellular hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, suav nrog kev lees paub thiab tua cov kab mob kis kab mob thiab cov qog hlwb. Tα1 txhim kho T cell maturation thiab sib txawv, yog li tsim kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev.
Kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev: Tα1 kuj muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Macrophages, raws li cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, ua kom muaj peev xwm phagocytic zoo nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Tα1. Tα1 activates Toll-like receptors (TLRs) nyob rau saum npoo ntawm macrophages, pib txoj kev taw qhia downstream uas ua rau cov macrophages secrete ntau cytokines, nrog rau cov qog necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), thiab lwm yam. Cov cytokines no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm macrophages lawv tus kheej tab sis kuj nrhiav thiab qhib lwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua. Tα1 kuj tseem txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm cytotoxic ntawm cov neeg tua neeg ntuj (NK) hlwb, ua rau lawv paub zoo dua thiab tua cov kab mob kis kab mob lossis cov qog hlwb, yog li tsim thawj kab kev tiv thaiv rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev tswj cov cytokine network sib npaug: Cytokines ua raws li cov neeg xa xov hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tswj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev siv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tα1 tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cytokine network. Hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv kab mob, Tα1 txhawb nqa kev tso tawm ntawm Th1-hom cytokines (xws li interferon-γ, IFN-γ), txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv overactivation, Tα1 tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev tsim tawm ntau dhau ntawm qee yam pro-inflammatory cytokines (xws li interleukin-6, IL-6), txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov lus teb rau lub cev. Qhov kev tswj hwm bidirectional no tso cai rau Tα1 hloov kho qhov kev siv zog thiab kev coj ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob raws li kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob homeostasis.
Induction ntawm txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob: Tα1 tuaj yeem qhib txoj hauv kev tryptophan catabolic cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO catalyzes tryptophan metabolism, ua rau txo tryptophan theem hauv cellular microenvironment, yog li inhibiting T cell proliferation thiab ua kom muaj zog, inducing tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob xws li autoimmune kab mob los yog transplant rejection tshwm sim, Tα1 pab ua txhaum lub vicious voj voog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv overactivation los ntawm activating txoj kev no, alleviating lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kev puas tsuaj, thiab tsim ib tug kuj ruaj khov microenvironment rau lub cev.
Lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis txaus ntseeg
Congenital immune deficiency disorders: Congenital immune deficiency disorders yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces ua rau kev loj hlob tsis tiav lossis tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Rau qee tus neeg mob uas muaj T cell immunodeficiency, Tα1 txoj kev kho tuaj yeem txhim kho T cell ua haujlwm tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm congenital immunodeficiency txuam nrog thymic hypoplasia, Tα1 txhawb kev sib txawv thiab maturation ntawm thymic hlwb, nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov laus T hlwb nyob rau hauv peripheral cov ntshav, txhim khu kev tiv thaiv ntawm cellular muaj nuj nqi, thiab txhim kho tus neeg mob txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, txo qhov zaus thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov kab mob. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm Tα1 txoj kev kho, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm T cell subsets nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev maj mam rov qab mus rau qhov qub, immunoglobulin qib nce, thiab cov tsos mob kho mob zoo heev.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): AIDS yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (HIV), uas feem ntau tsom rau CD4+ T lymphocytes, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tα1 ua lub luag haujlwm ntau yam hauv kev kho AIDS. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov neeg mob HIV, nce tus naj npawb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm CD4+ T hlwb, thiab ib feem rov qab kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum Tα1 ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab heev (HAART), nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv CD4 + T cell suav thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo dua. Tα1 tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm cytokine tshuav nyiaj li cas hauv cov neeg mob, txo cov lus teb inflammatory, txo qis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tus kab mob HIV thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txhim kho cov neeg mob lub neej zoo thiab muaj sia nyob.
Daim duab 2 Kev hloov pauv hauv qib sjTREC (cov ntawv luam / µ1 ntshav) hauv PBMCs los ntawm cov neeg mob kawm. Cov kab yuam kev qhia txog 95% kev ntseeg siab ib ntus thiab P tus nqi suav nrog Mann-Whitney U-test.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog cov qog nqaij hlav: Cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv lub cev tsis muaj zog thaum muaj kab mob thiab tom qab tau txais kev kho mob xws li tshuaj tua kab mob thiab xov tooj cua. Tα1 muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv qhov no. Nws txhim kho lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob xws li T hlwb thiab NK hlwb, yog li txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm paub thiab tua cov qog hlwb. Tα1 tuaj yeem txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kev siv hluav taws xob thiab txhawb kev rov qab los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Rau cov neeg mob uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav me me thiab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub siab uas tau txais kev phais phais, kev siv Tα1 hauv kev kho mob ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho tag nrho cov ciaj sia. Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev mob nkeeg hauv zos, tsis tuaj yeem kho tsis tau cov qog nqaij hlav me me, Tα1 tuaj yeem txo cov kev mob tshwm sim xws li lymphocytopenia thiab mob ntsws los ntawm kev siv tshuaj khomob, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv rau kev txhim kho tag nrho cov ciaj sia taus.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tsis txaus: Hauv kev kis kab mob hnyav, xws li mob hnyav, lub cev feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua rau cov neeg mob tiv thaiv kab mob thawj zaug, txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tsev kho mob thib ob, thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob rov qab. Tα1 tau raug pov thawj los kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab pab txo qis kev tuag ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj mob hnyav. Nws ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev thiab tswj T cell ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho lub cev muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kab mob, thaum hloov kho cov cytokine network kom txo tau qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov lus teb ntau dhau, yog li txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus neeg mob.
Cov ntawv thov kev kho mob tam sim no thiab cov kev cia siab yav tom ntej
Daim ntawv thov kev kho mob tam sim no: Tα1 tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov neeg muaj mob hnyav, thiab tau siv ceev ceev los ua tus immunomodulator thaum lub sij hawm mob hnyav ua pa nyuaj (SARS) thiab COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw. Hauv kev xyaum kho mob, Tα1 feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous, ua kom pom qhov ua tau zoo, nrog rau cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau qhia tsuas yog khaus hauv zos ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
Kev sib xyaw nrog Lwm Cov Kev Kho Mob: Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kho mob ntxiv, Tα1 feem ntau siv ua ke nrog lwm yam kev kho mob. Hauv oncology, Tα1 qhia tau hais tias muaj zog sib koom ua ke thaum ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws txhim kho cov haujlwm antitumor ntawm cov tshuaj chemotherapy thaum txo lawv cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li txhim kho cov neeg mob lub neej zoo. Hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob (ICIs), Tα1 kuj muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tα1 tuaj yeem thim rov qab macrophage M2 polarization los ntawm kev ua kom lub TLR7 / SHIP1 axis, txhim khu kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab hloov 'mob khaub thuas' rau 'cov qog kub,' yog li txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ICIs. Tα1 kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv hauv kev txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob xws li mob plab los ntawm ICIs.
Xaus
Raws li kev kho peptide tshiab, Prostamax qhia tau zoo hauv kev kho mob prostate. Los ntawm nws cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua rau nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho o, tswj cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam, nrog rau nws txoj kev siv ntau yam hauv kev kho mob, kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob, thiab kev kho mob ua ke, nws pab txhawb kev kho thiab tiv thaiv kab mob prostate.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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Cov khoom muaj rau kev tshawb fawb siv nkaus xwb:
