By Cocer Peptides 
kwanaki 22 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Dubawa
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) wani polypeptide ne da aka adana sosai wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid 28 waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita tsarin rigakafi a cikin jiki. An keɓe shi da farko daga abubuwan da aka samo daga thymus kuma ya sami shahara a fagen rashin ƙarfi saboda ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin rigakafi na musamman. Rashin raunin rigakafi yana nufin rashin daidaituwa a cikin aikin tsarin rigakafi, wanda ke haifar da rage ikon yin tsayayya da mamayewar pathogen da kuma kawar da kwayoyin da ba su da kyau. Ana iya haifar da wannan yanayin ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da abubuwan da ke haifar da kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan da aka samu kamar su cututtuka, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da ciwace-ciwacen daji. Marasa lafiya da ƙarancin rigakafi suna fuskantar babban haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, kuma cututtuka sukan haifar da yanayi mai tsanani da ƙara matsalolin jiyya.
Hoto 1 Immunoregulation na Tα1 da hanyoyin aiki.
Bincike mai zurfi game da hanyoyin rigakafi
Tsarin balaga T cell da bambance-bambance: Tα1 yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita balaga da bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin T. A cikin thymus, Tα1 na iya tayar da bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin thymic, suna inganta canjin su daga sel masu tasowa zuwa ƙwayoyin T masu girma. Wannan tsari ya haɗa da kunna hanyoyin sigina da yawa, kamar ɗaure ga takamaiman masu karɓa a saman sel T, kunna cascades na siginar siginar intracellular, da haifar da canje-canje a cikin maganganun abubuwan da suka dace da rubutun, ta haka ne ke daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da ci gaban T cell. Balagagge T Kwayoyin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rigakafi na salula a cikin tsarin rigakafi, gami da ganewa da kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin ƙari. Tα1 yana haɓaka balaga da bambance-bambancen T cell, ta haka ne ya kafa kariyar garkuwar salula mai ƙarfi ga jiki.
Kunna ƙwayoyin rigakafi na asali: Tα1 kuma yana da tasirin kunnawa akan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na asali. Macrophages, a matsayin mambobi masu mahimmanci na tsarin rigakafi na asali, suna nuna ingantaccen ƙarfin phagocytic a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Tα1. Tα1 yana kunna masu karɓa na Toll-like (TLRs) akan saman macrophages, farawa hanyoyin siginar ƙasa wanda ke haifar da macrophages don ɓoye cytokines daban-daban, gami da ƙari necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), da sauransu. Wadannan cytokines ba wai kawai suna haɓaka aikin rigakafi na macrophages da kansu ba amma kuma suna ɗaukar da kunna sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi, suna haifar da amsawar rigakafi mafi girma. Tα1 kuma yana haɓaka aikin cytotoxic na ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta (NK), yana ba su damar gane da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin ƙari, ta haka ne ke kafa layin farko na tsaro don kariyar garkuwar jiki.
Gudanar da ma'auni na cibiyar sadarwa na cytokine: Cytokines suna aiki a matsayin manzanni a cikin tsarin rigakafi, daidaita ma'amala tsakanin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da kuma ƙarfin amsawar rigakafi. Tα1 na iya daidaita ma'auni na cibiyar sadarwar cytokine daidai. A cikin yanayin da ba shi da rigakafi, Tα1 yana inganta ɓoyewar nau'in cytokines na Th1 (irin su interferon-γ, IFN-γ), yana haɓaka aikin rigakafi na salula. A cikin lokuta na overactivation na rigakafi, Tα1 na iya hana wuce kima samar da wasu cytokines pro-mai kumburi (kamar interleukin-6, IL-6), rage lalacewar da ke haifar da amsawar kumburi ga jiki. Wannan sakamako na tsari na bidirectional yana ba da damar Tα1 don daidaitawa da ƙarfi da jagorar martanin rigakafi bisa ga canje-canje a cikin yanayin garkuwar jiki, kiyaye tsarin rigakafi homeostasis.
Shigar da hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da juriya na rigakafi: Tα1 na iya kunna hanyar hanyar catabolic tryptophan da ke da alaƙa da juriya na rigakafi ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO yana haɓaka metabolism na tryptophan, yana haifar da raguwar matakan tryptophan a cikin microenvironment na salula, ta haka yana hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin T da kunnawa, haifar da juriya na rigakafi. A cikin yanayi irin su cututtukan cututtuka na autoimmune ko halayen ƙi dasawa, Tα1 yana taimakawa karya mummunan zagayowar aikin rigakafi ta hanyar kunna wannan hanyar, rage lalacewar cututtukan cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da rigakafi, da ƙirƙirar ingantaccen microenvironment na rigakafi ga jiki.
Matsayi a cikin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin rigakafi
Cututtukan da ke haifar da raunin garkuwar jiki: Cututtukan da ke haifar da raunin garkuwar jiki na faruwa ne ta hanyar abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin ci gaba ko rashin aiki na tsarin rigakafi. For some patients with congenital T cell immunodeficiency, Tα1 therapy can significantly improve T cell function. A cikin lokuta na rashin ƙarfi na rigakafi da ke hade da thymic hypoplasia, Tα1 yana inganta bambance-bambance da girma na kwayoyin thymic, yana ƙara yawan adadin ƙwayoyin T masu girma a cikin jini na gefe, yana haɓaka aikin rigakafi na salula, kuma yana haɓaka juriya ga marasa lafiya da ƙwayoyin cuta, rage mita da kuma tsananin cututtuka. Bayan wani lokaci na maganin Tα1, yawan adadin ƙwayoyin T a cikin jikin mai haƙuri a hankali ya koma al'ada, matakan immunoglobulin suna karuwa, kuma alamun asibiti sun inganta sosai.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Cutar kanjamau tana faruwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta HIV, wanda da farko ke kaiwa CD4+ T lymphocytes, wanda ke haifar da mummunar illa ga tsarin rigakafi. Tα1 yana taka rawa mai yawa a cikin jiyya na AIDS. Yana iya haɓaka aikin rigakafi a cikin mutane masu kamuwa da cutar HIV, ƙara lamba da ayyukan sel CD4+ T, da kuma dawo da wani ɓangare na ƙarfin kariya na garkuwar jiki. Nazarin ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka ƙara Tα1 zuwa maganin rigakafi mai mahimmanci (HAART), zai iya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin CD4 + T cell ƙididdiga da ingantaccen sakamako na sake fasalin rigakafi. Hakanan Tα1 na iya daidaita ma'aunin cytokine a cikin marasa lafiya, rage martanin kumburi, rage lalacewar kumburin kumburin da ke haifar da kamuwa da cutar HIV da kunna rigakafi, da haɓaka ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiya da ƙimar rayuwa.
Hoto 2 Canji a cikin matakan sjTREC (kwafi / µ1 jini) a cikin PBMCs daga marasa lafiya na binciken. Kuskuren sanduna suna nuna tazarar amincewa 95% da ƙimar P da aka ƙididdige ta amfani da gwajin Mann-Whitney U-test.
Rashin raunin rigakafi da ke hade da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta: Marasa lafiya da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi sukan fuskanci rashin aikin rigakafi a yayin ci gaba da cututtuka da kuma bayan karbar jiyya irin su chemotherapy da radiotherapy. Tα1 yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a wannan batun. Yana haɓaka amsawar rigakafi ta jiki ta hanyar kunna ƙwayoyin rigakafi kamar ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin NK, don haka haɓaka ikon ganewa da kashe ƙwayoyin ƙari. Tα1 na iya rage tasirin immunosuppressive na chemotherapy da radiotherapy da haɓaka dawo da aikin rigakafi. Ga marasa lafiya masu ciwon huhu marasa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ciwon hanta da suka yi aikin tiyata, yin amfani da Tα1 a cikin maganin adjuvant zai iya inganta rayuwa gaba ɗaya. Ga marasa lafiya da ke da ci gaba a cikin gida, ciwon huhu mara ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, Tα1 na iya rage mummunan halayen kamar lymphocytopenia da ciwon huhu da ke haifar da chemoradiotherapy, kuma akwai yanayin zuwa ga ingantaccen rayuwa gaba ɗaya.
Rashin raunin garkuwar jiki da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da cuta: A cikin cututtuka masu tsanani, irin su sepsis mai tsanani, jiki yakan shiga cikin yanayin da ba shi da kariya, yana da wuya ga marasa lafiya su tsayayya da cututtuka na farko na kwayoyin cuta, rage juriya ga cututtuka na asibiti na biyu, da kuma kara haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar. An tabbatar da Tα1 don mayar da aikin rigakafi kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan mace-mace a cikin marasa lafiya da sepsis mai tsanani. Yana samun wannan ta hanyar kunna ƙwayoyin rigakafi na asali da kuma daidaita aikin T cell don haɓaka ikon jiki don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta, yayin da ke daidaita hanyar sadarwar cytokine don rage lalacewar da ke haifar da amsawar kumburi mai yawa, don haka inganta sakamakon haƙuri.
Aikace-aikace na asibiti na yanzu da kuma abubuwan da za su kasance a nan gaba
Aikace-aikacen asibiti na yanzu: Ana amfani da Tα1 sosai don kula da masu fama da cutar kansa da waɗanda ke da cututtuka masu tsanani, kuma an tura su cikin gaggawa azaman immunomodulator a lokacin matsanancin ciwo na numfashi (SARS) da cututtukan COVID-19. A cikin aikin asibiti, ana gudanar da Tα1 ta hanyar allurar subcutaneous, yana nuna kyakkyawan haƙuri, tare da yawancin binciken da ke ba da rahoton fushin gida kawai a wurin allurar.
Haɗuwa tare da Sauran Hanyoyin Jiyya: Don ƙara haɓaka tasirin warkewa, ana amfani da Tα1 sau da yawa tare da sauran hanyoyin jiyya. A cikin oncology, Tα1 yana nuna tasirin haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi lokacin da aka haɗa shi da jami'an chemotherapy. Yana haɓaka aikin antitumor na magungunan chemotherapy yayin da yake rage tasirin rigakafi, don haka inganta rayuwar marasa lafiya. A cikin maganin ciwon daji tare da masu hana wuraren bincike na rigakafi (ICIs), Tα1 kuma yana da tasirin daidaitawa. Tα1 na iya juyar da macrophage M2 polarization ta kunna TLR7/SHIP1 axis, haɓaka rigakafi na antitumor, da canza 'ciwon daji masu sanyi' zuwa 'ciwon daji mai zafi,' don haka inganta ingancin ICIs. Hakanan Tα1 na iya taka rawar kariya don rage munanan halayen da ke da alaƙa da rigakafi kamar colitis wanda ICI ya haifar.
Kammalawa
A matsayin novel peptide far, Prostamax yana nuna fa'idodi a fagen lafiyar prostate. Daga tsarin aikinta na musamman zuwa gagarumin tasirinsa wajen inganta kumburi, kiyaye tsarin nama, da haɓaka aikin haifuwa, da kuma hanyoyin aikace-aikacensa daban-daban a cikin jiyya na asibiti, kulawar rigakafi, da haɗin gwiwar jiyya, yana ba da gudummawa ga jiyya da rigakafin cututtuka na prostate.
Nassoshi
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Samfura akwai don amfani da bincike kawai:
