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▎ NAD + Dɔwɔɖoɖo
Dzɔtsoƒe: PubChem |
Nusiwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo: N/A Molekyulãwo ƒe Mɔfiame: C 21H 27N 7O 14P2 Molekyulãwo ƒe Kpekpeme: 663.4 g/mol CAS ƒe Xexlẽdzesi: 53-84-9 PubChem ƒe CID: 5892 Nya siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo: nadide;coenzyme I;beta-NAD;Codehydrogenase I |
▎ NAD + Numekuku
Nukae nye NAD+?
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) nye coenzyme vevi aɖe si bɔ ɖe nugbagbe gbagbewo me. Adenosine ribonucleotide kple nicotinamide ribonucleotide ƒe kadodo to phosphate ƒuƒoƒo aɖe dzie dzɔna. Abe coenzyme vevi aɖe le redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo me ene la, NAD+ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Ate ŋu atrɔ le oxidized state (NAD+) kple reduced state (NADH) dome, akpɔ gome le ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo abe glycolysis, citric acid cycle, kple oxidative phosphorylation me, si kpena ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu be woatrɔ nuɖuɖu wòazu ŋusẽ (ATP). Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, NAD+ nyea kpeɖeŋutɔ si hiã na enzyme vovovowo (abe PARP kple Sirtuins ene), eye wòkpɔa gome le dɔwɔwɔ siwo ku ɖe DNA dzadzraɖo, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzesiwo nana, kple tsitretsitsi ɖe tsitsi ŋu me.
Nukae nye numekuku si wowɔ le NAD+ ŋu?
Cofactor Vevietɔ le Nuwɔna Geɖewo Me:
NAD + nye kpeɖeŋutɔ vevi aɖe le redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔ geɖe me (Shats I, 2020). Le lãmenugbagbeviwo me la, ekpɔa gome le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ geɖe abe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ, domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe liƒo, kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ me la, NAD+ wɔa dɔ abe elektrɔnik tsɔla ene le dɔwɔwɔwo abe glycolysis kple tricarboxylic acid ƒe tsatsam me, ekpɔa gome le redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo me tsɔ trɔa atikeŋusẽ si le nunyiamewo abe sukli ene me wòzua ŋusẽ ƒe nɔnɔme si lãmenugbagbeviwo ate ŋu azã.
Nuwɔwɔ Kple Enzyme Geɖewo:
NAD+ wɔa dɔ kple enzyme geɖewo hã, abe DNA ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe enzyme poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), protein deacylase SIRTUINS, kple cyclic ADP ribose enzyme CD38 ene. Enzyme siawo ɖɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo, abe DNA dzadzraɖo, domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia, kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsatsam ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ene, to NAD+ ɖuɖu me.
Nukae nye NAD+ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?
Abe Coenzyme le Redox ƒe Nuwɔnawo me ene
Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Redox Homeostasis me léle ɖe asi:
Zi geɖe la, 'NAD' fiaa atike ƒe megbeƒu si le nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide me, gake 'NAD+' kple 'NADH' fia eƒe nɔnɔme siwo me oxidized kple esiwo dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, le wo nɔewo yome. NAD+ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le nugbagbeŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ geɖe dzi ɖuɖu me, eye NAD+/NADH ƒe xexlẽme le vevie ŋutɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe redox homeostasis léle ɖe asi [1] . Lãmenugbagbeviwo me redox ƒe dadasɔ le vevie na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ, antioxidant takpɔkpɔ, kple bubuawo NAD+ wɔa dɔ abe elektrɔnik xɔla alo nunala ene le redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo me, ekpɔa gome le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ŋusẽ wɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖoa me, abe tricarboxylic acid ƒe tsatsam kple oxidative phosphorylation ene.
Ŋusẽ ƒe Tɔtrɔ ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ:
NAD+ kpɔa gome le ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe ɖoɖo vevi geɖewo me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le glycolysis kple tricarboxylic acid ƒe tsatsam me la, NAD+ xɔa haidrodzin atɔmwo eye wòtrɔna zua NADH. Emegbe NADH tsɔa elektrɔnikwo yia ɔksidzin me to elektrɔnik mɔzɔzɔ ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔ si le mitochondrial membrane ememetɔ dzi be wòawɔ ATP. Ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ sia ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le vevie ŋutɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe agbetsitsi kple dɔwɔwɔ, vevietɔ le lãkusi siwo me ŋusẽ hiã vevie abe dzi kple ahɔhɔ̃ ene me [1] ..
Gomekpɔkpɔ le Enzymatic Reactions me
Akpa si Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) wɔna:
NAD+ wɔa dɔ abe enzyme si dea dzesi nu alo ɖua PARP1 ene eye wòkpɔa gome le dɔ vevi geɖewo me. PARP1 wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le DNA ƒe gbegblẽ dzadzraɖo me. Ne lãmenugbagbeviwo gblẽ le DNA ŋu la, PARP1 wɔa dɔ eye wòzãa NAD+ tsɔ wɔa poly ADP-ribose (PAR) kɔsɔkɔsɔwo, eye emegbe woblana ɖe proteinwo ŋu, si wɔnɛ be DNA ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa doa ŋgɔ. Gake PARP1 ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa aɖu NAD+ agbɔsɔsɔ gã aɖe, si ana NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ, si hã kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ dzi [1, 2]..
Akpa si ADP-ribose (cADPR) Synthases Siwo Wowɔna Le Tsitretsitsi Me Wɔna:
Cyclic ADP-ribose synthases abe CD38 kple CD157 hã nye enzyme siwo ɖua NAD+. Enzyme siawo zãa NAD+ tsɔ wɔa cADPR. cADPR wɔa dɔ abe dɔla evelia ene be wòakpɔ gome le calcium ƒe dzesiwo nana me, eɖɔa calcium ion ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ɖo, eye wòtoa esia me kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo dzi, abe lãmekawo ƒe tete kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dodo ene.
Akpa si Sirtuin Protein Deacetylases Wɔna:
Sirtuin protein deacetylases (SIRTs) hã ɖoa ŋu ɖe NAD+ ŋu be wòawɔ dɔ. SIRT-wo ɖɔa domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple nuteɖeamedzi ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo ɖo to proteinwo ƒe deacetylation ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Le NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me la, SIRT ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzina ɖe edzi, si doa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmesẽ kple agbenɔnɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le nɔnɔmewo abe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ ƒe mɔxexeɖenu ene me la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzina ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be SIRT-wo wɔa dɔ, si wɔnɛ be woƒe agbenɔƒe didi eye wònaa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmesẽ nyona ɖe edzi [2]..
Akpa Si Wòwɔna Le Axonal Degeneration Me
NMNAT2 kple SARM1 dome kadodo:
Le axonal ƒe gbegblẽ ƒe ɖoɖoa me la, NAD+ synthase NMNAT2 kple pro-degeneration factor SARM1 wɔa akpa vevi aɖe. NMNAT2 nye axonal survival factor, gake SARM1 ya si NADase kple dɔwɔna siwo do ƒome kplii le eye wònye pro-degeneration factor. Kadodo si le wo ame evea dome le vevie ŋutɔ be woalé axonal ƒe blibonyenye me ɖe asi. Zi geɖe la, dzesimɔ aɖe si le titina gbɔe axonal ƒe gbegblẽ tsona, si dzi protein vevi eve siawo siwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu koŋue kpɔa edzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie abe Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle kple Parkinson ƒe dɔléle ene me la, lãkusiwo gblẽna hafi ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ku, eye lãkusi ƒe gbegblẽ sia bɔ ɖe axon ƒe abiwo abe domenyinyi ƒe spastic paraplegia ene hã me. Le dɔléle siawo me la, dzesimɔ sia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu ahe axonal pathological changes vɛ [3, 4]..
SARM1 ƒe Ðokuisimɔxexe ƒe Mɔnu si NAD+-Tomemɔ dzi:
Numekukuwo ɖee fia be NAD + nye ligand si womele mɔ kpɔm na o na SARM1 ƒe armadillo/heat repeat motifs (ARM) domain. NAD+ ƒe kadodo ɖe ARM domenyiŋusẽfianu ŋu xea mɔ na SARM1 ƒe Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe NADase dɔwɔwɔ to domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ƒomedodo me. NAD+ ƒe kadodoƒe alo ARM-TIR ƒe kadodo ƒe tɔtɔ ana SARM1 ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le ɖoɖo nu, si ana axonal ƒe gbegblẽ nava. Esia ɖee fia be NAD+ nye domenɔla na protein sia si doa alɔ ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ƒe ɖokuitɔdidi [5]..
Akpa Si Wowɔna le Dzitodzito me Dɔlélewo Me
Dzitodzito ƒe Lãmesẽ Takpɔkpɔ:
NAD+ kpɔa ame ta le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, NAD+ ate ŋu akpɔ dzia ta tso dɔlélewo abe metabolic syndrome, dzi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, ischemia-reperfusion injury, arrhythmi, kple hypertension me. Eƒe ametakpɔnu ate ŋu alɔ nu geɖe ɖe eme abe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, redox ƒe dadasɔ me léle ɖe asi, kple mɔxexe ɖe dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo nu. Ne ame tsi alo le nuteɖeamedzi me la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, si wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme trɔna eye wònana dɔlélewo xɔxɔ bɔbɔe dzina ɖe edzi. Eyata NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le dzia me léle ɖe asi alo eƒe bublu dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ le vevie ŋutɔ na dzitodzitowo ƒe lãmesẽ [1]..
Akpa Si Wòwɔna le Yɔmekpe Me
Ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) dzi:
Le Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) me la, yɔmekpe ƒe dɔlékui, NAD wɔwɔ ƒe enzyme mamlɛtɔ, NAD synthetase (NadE), kple NADP ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe enzyme mamlɛtɔ, NAD kinase (PpnK), ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi to vovo le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple nugbagbevi suewo ŋu. NadE ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ hea NAD kple NADP taawo dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me eye Mtb ƒe agbenɔnɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, gake PpnK ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ ya ɖea NADP ta la dzi kpɔtɔna tiatiatɔe gake ɖeko wòtɔa tsitsi. Enzyme ɖesiaɖe ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ kpena ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tɔtrɔ siwo ku ɖe enzyme si ŋu wògblẽ nu le kple nugbagbevi suewo ƒe nɔnɔme si do ƒome kplii ŋu koŋ. NAD ƒe vɔvɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si wua dɔlékuiwo ate ŋu ana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu siwo nɔa te ɖe NAD dzi ƒe tɔtrɔ si woatsɔ axe fe ɖe eta makpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe NADH/NAD ƒe xexlẽme dzi o, gake NAD ƒe vɔvɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si wua dɔlékui ate ŋu agblẽ NADH/NAD ƒe xexlẽme me eye wòaxe mɔ na oxygen ƒe gbɔgbɔ. Nusiwo ŋu woke ɖo siawo ɖe ŋutilã ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛ siwo womede dzesii tsã o siwo do ƒome kple alesi wòhiã be woawɔ nu eve siwo le afisiafi le nɔnɔmetɔtrɔ me, si fia be ele be woatsɔ NAD ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe wɔwɔme mɔxenuwo aɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ le atike siwo tsia yɔmekpe nu wɔwɔ me [6]..
Akpa Si Wowɔna le Tsitsi Kple Dɔlélewo Me
Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe NAD ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme Dzi Ðeɖe Akpɔtɔ Si Do Ƒome Kple Tsitsi:
Ne ame tsi la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna vivivi. NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ sia do ƒome kple tɔtrɔ si vaa lãmenugbagbevi tsitsiwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me eye ate ŋu ana dɔlélewo nadze ame dzi bɔbɔe. Dɔléle ƒe nɔnɔme geɖe, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dzitodzito me dɔlélewo, lolo akpa, ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, kansa, kple tsitsi, do ƒome kple NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ƒe gbegblẽ tẽ alo esi mele tẽ o [2, 7]..
Ƒomedodo si le NAD+ Biosynthesis kple Enzymes kple Dɔlélewo Zazã dome:
NAD+ ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe wɔwɔme kple enzyme siwo ɖua wo kpɔa gome le nugbagbewo ƒe mɔ vevi geɖe me, si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzesiwo, kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsatsam ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ dzi. Eyata dɔléle geɖe do ƒome kple enzyme siawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si mesɔ o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔlélewo me la, mɔnu siwo nɔa te ɖe NAD+ dzi lɔ proteinwo abe WLDs, NMNAT2, kple SARM1 ene ɖe eme, si ɖee fia be ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie do ƒome kple NAD+ kple ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le dzɔdzɔme nu [4].
Dzɔtsoƒe:PubMed [7] .
Nukae nye NAD+ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe akpawo?
Dɔwɔwɔ le Dzitodzito me Dɔlélewo Me
Ametakpɔkpɔ ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi:
NAD+ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo me, eye ate ŋu akpɔ dzia ta tso dɔléle vovovowo me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, NAD+ ate ŋu akpɔ dzia ta tso dɔlélewo abe metabolic syndrome, dzi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, ischemia-reperfusion injury, arrhythmi, kple hypertension me [1] . Esia le alea elabena NAD+ wɔa dɔ abe enzyme siwo dea dzesi nu alo ɖua enzymewo abe poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) synthases (CD38 kple CD157), kple sirtuin protein deacetylases (Sirtuins, SIRTs) ene, eye wòkpɔa gome le dɔwɔwɔ vevi geɖe me le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo me.
Redox ƒe Dadasɔ me léle ɖe asi:
NAD+/NADH ƒe xexlẽme le vevie ŋutɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe redox homeostasis me léle ɖe asi kple ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ [1] . Eyata NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le dzia me léle ɖe asi alo eƒe bublu dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ le vevie ŋutɔ na dzitodzitowo ƒe lãmesẽ.
Dɔwɔwɔ le Anti-aging me
Agbenɔƒe Didi:
Nusiwo gbɔ molecule ƒe tsitsi kple agbenɔƒe didi ƒe nudede nyawo me tsona la dzi ɖe edzi le ƒe ewo siwo va yi me. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kple eƒe ŋgɔdonuwo, abe nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide, kple nicotinic acid ene, he ɖetsɔleme vɛ be wonye molecule siwo ate ŋu ado dzidzɔ na ame le molecule suewo zazã abe amesiwo ate ŋu akpɔ amegãxiwo ta kple/alo atikewo ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ene me. Atike siawo ɖee fia be woate ŋu ana nɔnɔme siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi nanyo ɖe edzi le kpeɖeŋutɔ nana vɔ megbe eye woate ŋu axe mɔ na nugbagbevi siwo nye kpɔɖeŋu ƒe ku [8]..
Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le Agbenɔƒe ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ Ŋu:
Le kpɔɖeŋu nugbagbewo abe amɔwɔʋãnu ene me la, numekukuwo ɖee fia be NAD ƒe ŋgɔdonyawo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le tsitsi kple agbenɔƒe didi me. To amɔwɔʋãnu ƒe agbenɔƒe (CLS) kple agbenɔƒe si wogbugbɔna (RLS) sɔsrɔ̃ me la, míate ŋu ase alesi NAD ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ wɔa dɔe kple eƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe akpa si wòwɔna le tsitsi kple agbenɔƒe didi me gɔme nyuie wu [8]..
Nusiwo Woate Ŋu Azã Le Yɔmekpe Dada Me
Atike Vɔ̃ɖiwo ƒe Taɖodzinu:
NAD ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe enzyme mamlɛtɔ, NAD synthetase (NadE), ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ le Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) me hea NAD kple NADP ƒe tsitawo dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me eye Mtb ƒe agbenɔnɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, esime NADP ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe enzyme mamlɛtɔ, NAD kinase (PpnK) ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ, tiatiatɔe la, eɖea NADP ƒe tsitsi ƒe ta la dzi kpɔtɔna gake ɖeko wòtɔa te (Sharma R, 2023) ƒe agbalẽa. Esia ɖee fia be NAD ƒe wɔwɔme mɔxenuwoe xɔ nɔƒe gbãtɔ le yɔmekpe ƒe atikewo wɔwɔ me, elabena NAD ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ nye dɔlékuiwutike, gake NADP ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ya nye dɔlékuiwutike.
Tɔtrɔ siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me kple nugbagbevi suesuewo ƒe nɔnɔmewo:
Enzyme ɖesiaɖe ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ kpena ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tɔtrɔ siwo ku ɖe enzyme si ŋu wògblẽ nu le kple nugbagbevi suewo ƒe nɔnɔme si do ƒome kplii ŋu koŋ. NAD ƒe vɔvɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si wua dɔlékuiwo nana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu siwo nɔa te ɖe NAD dzi ƒe tɔtrɔ si woatsɔ axe fe ɖe eta evɔ mekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe NADH/NAD ƒe xexlẽme dzi o, gake NAD ƒe vɔvɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si wua dɔlékuiwo hea NADH/NAD ƒe xexlẽme ƒe tɔtɔ kple oxygen ƒe gbɔgbɔ ƒe mɔxexe ɖe enu vɛ [6]..
Akpa Si Wòwɔna Le Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Me
Dɔ Vevi Geɖe Siwo Wowɔna:
Tso blema ke la, wobua NAD(H) kple NADP(H) be wonye kpeɖeŋutɔ siwo kpɔa gome le redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔ manyaxlẽwo me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye elektrɔnik ƒe asitɔtrɔ le mitochondria me. Ke hã, dɔ vevi bubu geɖewo le NAD mɔ dzi metabolites, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye akpa siwo wowɔna le dzesimɔwo me, tɔtrɔ le gbegɔmeɖeɖe megbe, epigenetic ƒe tɔtrɔwo, kple RNA ƒe liƒo kple dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ to NAD capping of RNA me [9]..
Dynamic Metabolic Dɔwɔna:
Nusiwo menye oxidative o ƒe nuwɔna hea nucleotide siawo ƒe net catabolism vɛ mlɔeba, si ɖee fia be NAD ƒe asitɔtrɔ nye nuwɔna si me ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ. Le nyateƒe me la, numekuku siwo wowɔ nyitsɔ laa ɖee fia kɔte be le lãkusi aɖewo me la, NAD ƒe agbenɔƒe afã anɔ abe miniti ʋɛ aɖewo ene [9] ..
Akpa Si Wòwɔna Le Lãmenugbagbeviwo Ŋuti Nunya Me
Lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe NAD ƒe Tɔtrɔyimɔ̃:
Extracellular NAD nye dzesi molecule vevi aɖe le ŋutilã kple dɔléle ƒe nɔnɔme vovovowo me. Ewɔa dɔ tẽ to purinergic xɔla tɔxɛwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me alo le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu abe nusi woatsɔ awɔ dɔe na exonucleases (abe CD73, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, CD38 kple eƒe paralog CD157, kple ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferases ene). Enzyme siawo dea dzesi lãmenugbagbeviwo godo NAD ƒe anyinɔnɔ to NAD ƒe tsi me, si wɔnɛ be woɖɔa eƒe dzesi ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi tẽ ɖo (Gasparrini M, 2021). Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, woate ŋu awɔ dzesi molecule suewo tso NAD me, abe immunomodulator adenosine ene, alo azã NAD atsɔ awɔ ADP-ribosylate na protein vovovo siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo kple membrane receptors, si akpɔ ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzi ɖuɖu, dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo, tumorigenesis, kple dɔléle bubuwo dzi. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase kple nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase hã le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo, siwo naa nuwɔna veviwo dzɔna le NAD xɔnamemɔa me le lãmenugbagbeviwo me. Enzyme siawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe nɔnɔmewo wɔa dɔ abe cytokines ene siwo wɔa dɔ siwo doa alɔ dɔdzẽ [10] ..
Le nyataƒoƒo me la, NAD+ va zu molecule vevi aɖe si doa ka kple lãmesẽ kple dɔléle to ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dzi kpɔkpɔ, tsitsi hehe ɖe megbe, dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple takpɔkpɔ nana ɖoɖo geɖe me. Ne wotsɔ nusiwo do ŋgɔ nɛ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ate ŋu ana mitochondria ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi eye wòana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ƒe dɔlélewo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi nagbɔdzɔ. Eɖea ŋutete fiana le dzitodzitowo takpɔkpɔ, dɔlékuiwo takpɔkpɔ, kple tsitsi nutsitsi ƒe nyawo me, si naa atikewɔwɔ ƒe taɖodzinu yeyewo na dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi.
Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu
Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.
Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla
Jiang YF nye numekula si do ƒome kple dɔwɔƒe xɔŋkɔ geɖewo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Peking Yunivɛsiti, Lanzhou Jiaotong Yunivɛsiti, Dukɔa kple Nutoa me Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Ŋuti Numekuku Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Kple Wo Zazã, Beijing Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Ŋuti Numekuku Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Nuɖuɖu Ŋuti Nusɔsrɔ̃wo Gbɔ, Chinatɔwo ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Suku, Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Yunivɛsiti si le (CAS), Beijing Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Kple Asitsanyawo Yunivɛsiti, kple Atikewɔwɔ Yunivɛsiti. Eƒe numekukua ku ɖe nu vovovowo ŋu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye atikeŋutinunya, dɔléleŋutinunya, mɔ̃ɖaŋuŋutinunya, kansaŋutinunya, kple gbeɖiɖiŋutinunya. Eƒe dɔa ɖe mɔnu si me wozãa nu vovovowo le fiana, si tsɔ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le go siawo me la ƒo ƒui. Woŋlɔ Jiang YF ŋkɔ ɖe nyayɔyɔ ƒe numekugbalẽ me [5].
