By Cocer Peptides 
Watanni 1 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Dubawa
(1) Halin Yanzu da Hatsarin Ciwon Asthma da Ciwon Cutar Sankara
Asthma cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare gama gari mai kumburin iska tare da yaduwa a duniya. Siffofinsa na farko sun haɗa da kumburin iska na yau da kullun, rashin amsawar iska, da iyakancewar iska mai jujjuyawa. Marasa lafiya sukan fuskanci alamu kamar su hushi, ƙarancin numfashi, ƙirjin ƙirji, da tari, waɗanda ke cutar da ingancin rayuwa sosai kuma yana iya yin barazana ga rayuwa. Na kullum mashako ne da farko halin da kullum nonspecific kumburi na bronchi, tare da tari da sputum samar a matsayin babban asibiti bayyanar cututtuka. Yanayin yana ci gaba aƙalla watanni uku a shekara har tsawon shekaru biyu a jere ko fiye.
(2) Babban Matsayin Kumburi na Jirgin Sama a cikin Asthma da Ciwon Cutar Sankara
Kumburi na Jirgin Sama a cikin Asthma
A lokacin ci gaba da ciwon asma, nau'o'in nau'in kumburi daban-daban irin su eosinophils, mast cells, da T lymphocytes ana daukar su zuwa hanyoyin iska, suna sakin jerin masu shiga tsakani da cytokines, ciki har da interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), da interleukin-13 (IL-13), wanda ke haifar da kumburin iska. Wadannan amsawar kumburi suna haifar da lalacewa ga epithelium na iska, ƙara yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
Hoto 1 Epithelium na hanyar iska yana aiki azaman babban haɗin gwiwa tsakanin yanayi da huhu.
Kumburi na Jirgin Sama a cikin Cutar Bronchitis
Kumburi na iska a cikin mashako na yau da kullum yana yin sulhu ta farko ta hanyar neutrophils, macrophages, da sauran kwayoyin halitta. Proteases, nau'in oxygen mai amsawa, da sauran abubuwan da aka saki yayin aikin kumburi suna lalata tsarin hanyar iska da aiki, wanda ke haifar da kauri na bangon iska da kunkuntar lumen, don haka lalata musayar gas. Tsawon kumburin kumburi na iya haɓaka ci gaban cuta kuma yana ƙara haɗarin rikice-rikice kamar rashin aikin huhu da cututtukan zuciya.
(4) Bayanan Bincike na Bronchogen a matsayin Wakilin Jiyya mai yuwuwar
Ganin halin da ake ciki na jiyya na kumburin iska a cikin asma da mashako na yau da kullun, gano sabon labari, aminci, da ingantattun magungunan warkewa yana da mahimmancin asibiti. Bronchogen na iya daidaita martanin kumburi ta hanyoyi da yawa, mai yuwuwar hana kumburin iska a cikin marasa lafiya tare da asma da mashako na yau da kullun, don haka taimakawa wajen magance waɗannan yanayi.
Tasirin Inhibitory na Bronchogen akan Kumburi na Jirgin Sama a cikin Marasa lafiya Asthma
(1) Tasirin Ka'idoji akan Kwayoyin Kumburi
Eosinophils
Eosinophils suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kumburin hanyar iska a cikin asma. Abubuwa masu guba da suke saki, irin su furotin na eosinophil cationic, na iya lalata ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska da kuma kara yawan martani mai kumburi. Bronchogen na iya hana chemotaxis da kunna eosinophils, rage kutsawa cikin hanyoyin iska. Ta hanyar daidaita maganganun masu karɓa na chemokine, musamman CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), yana toshe mannewa tsakanin eosinophils da ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska da kuma ƙwayoyin endothelial, don haka rage yawan haɗuwa a cikin nama na iska.
T lymphocytes
Kwayoyin Th2 suna da mahimmancin ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin kumburin fuka, suna ɓoye cytokines irin su IL-4, IL-5, da IL-13, inganta haɓakar eosinophil da haɓakar iska. Bronchogen yana hana bambance-bambancen cell Th2 da aiki, yana rage samar da waɗannan cytokines. Bronchogen kuma yana daidaita lamba da aiki na ƙwayoyin T masu tsarawa (Tregs), haɓaka tasirin hanawa na Tregs akan ƙwayoyin Th2, kiyaye ma'auni na rigakafi, da rage kumburin iska.
Kwayoyin mast
Kwayoyin mast suna saurin sakin masu shiga tsakani mai kumburi kamar histamine da leukotrienes yayin harin asma, yana haifar da ƙanƙanwar tsokar hanyar iska mai santsi da ƙãra jijiyoyi. Bronchogen yana daidaita mast cell membranes, yana hana lalatawa, kuma yana rage sakin masu shiga tsakani, don haka yana rage mummunan kumburi na iska.
(2) Tasiri akan masu shiga tsakani masu kumburi da cytokines
Rage sakin masu shiga tsakani
Baya ga hana sakin histamine da leukotrienes daga ƙwayoyin mast, Bronchogen kuma yana rage matakan sauran masu shiga tsakani, irin su prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) da thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂). Wadannan masu shiga tsakani na kumburi na iya haifar da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da irin wannan cututtuka da ke haifar da waɗannan cututtuka. Ta hanyar hana ayyukan enzymes irin su cyclooxygenase (COX), Bronchogen yana rage kira na PGD₂ da TXA₂, don haka yana rage amsawar kumburi na bronchi.
Tsarin hanyar sadarwa na Cytokine
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, marasa lafiya na asma suna nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin cytokines daban-daban a cikin hanyoyin iska, tare da matakan girma na nau'in cytokines na Th2 irin su IL-4, IL-5, da IL-13, yayin da cytokines anti-inflammatory kamar IL-10 an rage. Bronchogen na iya daidaita maganganun cytokines masu kumburi kamar IL-10, yayin da ke hana samar da cytokines masu kumburi irin su IL-4, IL-5, da IL-13, don haka gyara rashin daidaituwa na cibiyar sadarwa na cytokine da rage kumburin iska. Bronchogen kuma yana hana ayyukan cytokines irin su tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) da kuma interferon-γ (IFN-γ), wanda kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kumburi na iska mai iska da kuma gyaran hanyar iska.
Hoto na 2 Asthma, cututtukan ƙwayar cuta mai saurin kumburi, yana da alaƙa da kumburin eosinophilic, kumburin ƙwayar cuta, hyperplasia cell na goblet, amsawar iska, da rashin numfashi.
(3) Tasirin kariya akan ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska
Rage lalacewar sel epithelial
Kumburi na asma na iska zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska, yana lalata aikin shinge na iska. Bronchogen yana inganta gyaran gyare-gyare da farfadowa na ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska, yana inganta aikin shinge. Bronchogen yana haɓaka maganganun ƙwayoyin sunadaran haɗin gwiwa irin su occludin da ƙananan furotin-1 (ZO-1), yana riƙe da haɗin kai tsakanin ƙwayoyin epithelial da kuma rage kwararar masu shiga tsakani da allergens.
Hana zubar da ciki da yawa
Yawan zub da jini mai yawa a cikin hanyoyin iska yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan cututtukan asma. Maƙarƙashiya mai yawa na iya toshe hanyoyin iska da kuma ƙara ƙayyadaddun iska. Bronchogen yana rage ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ɓoyewa ta hanyar hana bayyanar kwayoyin mucin (MUC) a cikin ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska. Bugu da ƙari, yana daidaita aikin kawar da mucociliary, yana inganta kawar da gamsai daga hanyoyin iska da kuma kula da patency na iska.
(4) Tasirin gyaran hanyar iska
Hana yaduwar ƙwayar tsoka mai santsi da ƙaura
Gyaran hanyar iska wani muhimmin canji ne na cututtuka a cikin asma, gami da kauri na tsokar iska mai santsi da sanya matrix na waje. Bronchogen yana hana haɓakawa da ƙaura na ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi na iska, rage adadin su da ƙarar su. Ta hanyar daidaita maganganun sunadaran da ke da alaƙa da sake zagayowar tantanin halitta, kinases masu dogaro da cyclin (CDKs), da cyclins, Bronchogen yana haifar da ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi na iska don kamawa a takamaiman matakai na sake zagayowar tantanin halitta, don haka hana haɓakarsu.
Rage ajiyar matrix na waje
A lokacin gyaran hanyar iska, fibroblasts suna haɗawa da ɓoye yawan adadin abubuwan matrix na waje kamar collagen da fibronectin, wanda ke haifar da kauri na bangon iska. Bronchogen na iya hana kunnawa da yaduwa na fibroblasts, rage haɗuwa da ƙaddamar da abubuwan matrix na extracellular. Hakanan zai iya daidaita ma'auni tsakanin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) da masu hana nama (TIMPs), inganta lalata matrix na waje da rage girman gyaran hanyar iska.
Tasirin hanawa na Bronchogen akan kumburin iska a cikin marasa lafiya da mashako na kullum
(1) Dokokin daukar ma'aikata masu kumburi da kunnawa
Neutrophils
Neutrophils sun mamaye kumburin iska a cikin mashako na yau da kullun, kuma furotin da suke saki, kamar elastase, na iya lalata tsarin iska. Bronchogen na iya hana neutrophil chemotaxis da kunnawa, yana rage tarin su a cikin hanyoyin iska. Ta hanyar hana bayyanar da integrins akan saman neutrophils, irin su β₂ integrin, yana rage mannewar neutrophils zuwa sel na endothelial, don haka yana rage ƙaura zuwa kyallen takarda.
Macrophages
Macrophages ba kawai shiga cikin kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta ba a lokacin tsarin kumburi na mashako na kullum amma kuma ya saki daban-daban masu shiga tsakani. Bronchogen na iya daidaita yanayin polarization na macrophages, inganta canjin su zuwa macrophages anti-mai kumburi (M2-type), don haka rage sakin cytokines masu kumburi irin su IL-1β da TNF-α yayin da suke haɓaka ɓarna na cytokines masu kumburi kamar IL-10, don haka rage kumburin iska.
(2) Tasiri akan Masu shiga tsakani masu kumburi da Proteases
Rage Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Kumburi
A cikin marasa lafiya tare da mashako na yau da kullun, masu shiga tsakani masu kumburi daban-daban suna haɓaka a cikin hanyoyin iska, kamar IL-8 da leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄). Wadannan masu shiga tsakani masu tayar da hankali suna jawo hankalin neutrophils da sauran kwayoyin halitta masu kumburi, suna kara yawan amsawar kumburi. Bronchogen na iya hana samarwa da sakin waɗannan masu shiga tsakani masu kumburi ta hanyar dakatar da kunna hanyoyin sigina masu kumburi irin su makaman nukiliya-κB (NF-κB), ta haka ne rage rubutun kwayoyin halitta da kuma kira na masu shiga tsakani.
Hana ayyukan protease
Kwayoyin cututtukan da ke fitowa daga neutrophils, irin su elastase da cathepsin, na iya lalata fibers na roba da collagen a cikin hanyoyin iska, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa ga ganuwar iska. Bronchogen yana da aikin hana protease, kai tsaye yana hana ayyukan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta da rage lalacewa ga kyallen takarda. Hakanan zai iya daidaita ma'auni tsakanin proteases da masu hana su, haɓaka matakan protease inhibitors irin su α₁-antitrypsin, yana ƙara rage lalacewar protease-induced ga hanyoyin iska.
(3) Inganta haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta iska da aikin ciliary
Rage fitar gamsai
Marasa lafiya tare da mashako na yau da kullun sukan fuskanci ƙarar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin hanyoyin iska, yana ƙara tsananta tari da samar da sputum. Bronchogen na iya rage ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ɓoyewa ta hanyar hana maganganun MUC a cikin ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska. Hakanan yana iya daidaita abubuwan sinadarai na physicochemical na gamsai na iska, yana rage dankowar sa da kuma sauƙaƙa fitar da shi.
Inganta aikin ciliary
Motsin ciliary na al'ada a cikin hanyoyin iska hanya ce mai mahimmanci don share ɓoyewar iska. A cikin marasa lafiya tare da mashako na yau da kullum, rashin aikin ciliary yana haifar da cirewar gamsai. Bronchogen yana inganta gyaran gyare-gyare da sake farfadowa na ƙwayoyin da aka yi amfani da su na iska, yana haɓaka mitar bugun ciliary da amplitude, don haka inganta aikin kawar da mucociliary. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen fitar da ɓoye da ƙwayoyin cuta daga hanyoyin iska, yana rage kumburin iska.
(4) Kariyar tsarin hanyar iska da aiki
Rage kaurin bangon hanyar iska
Kumburi na dogon lokaci na iska yana iya haifar da kauri daga bangon hanyar iska da kuma rage lumen a cikin marasa lafiya da mashako na kullum. Bronchogen yana rage girman kaurin bangon hanyar iska ta hanyar hana shigar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kumburi, rage lalacewa daga masu shiga tsakani da ƙwayoyin cuta, da daidaita tsarin metabolism na matrix extracellular, don haka kiyaye tsarin al'ada da patency na hanyoyin iska.
Inganta aikin huhu
Ta hanyar rage ƙumburi na iska, rage ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, haɓaka aikin ciliary, da kuma kare tsarin iska, Bronchogen yana taimakawa wajen inganta aikin huhu a cikin marasa lafiya da mashako na kullum. Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayan jiyya tare da Bronchogen, ma'aunin aikin huhun marasa lafiya kamar ƙarar tilastawa a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya (FEV₁) da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi (FVC) ya inganta sosai, kuma bayyanar cututtuka irin su dyspnea sun sami sauƙi sosai.
Kammalawa
A taƙaice, Bronchogen, a matsayin mai yuwuwar magani don magance kumburin hanyar iska a cikin asma da mashako na yau da kullun, yana da tsarin aiki mai niyya da yawa, hanyoyin hana kumburi. Ta hanyar daidaita ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, masu shiga tsakani, ƙwayoyin epithelial na iska, da gyaran gyare-gyare na iska, Bronchogen yana da kyau yana hana kumburin iska a cikin asma da mashako na kullum, inganta tsarin tsarin iska da aiki, kuma yana inganta rayuwar marasa lafiya.
Sources
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