Na Cocer Peptides 
ukwezi gushize
INGINGO ZOSE N'AMAKURU Y’IBICURUZWA BITANZWE KURI URU RUBUGA BISANZWE KUBONA AMAKURU N'INTEGO Z'UBUREZI.
Ibicuruzwa bitangwa kururu rubuga bigenewe gusa mubushakashatsi bwa vitro. Mu bushakashatsi bwa vitro (Ikilatini: * mu kirahure *, bisobanura mu bikoresho by'ibirahure) bikorerwa hanze y'umubiri w'umuntu. Ibicuruzwa ntabwo ari imiti, ntabwo byemejwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA), kandi ntigomba gukoreshwa mu gukumira, kuvura, cyangwa gukiza indwara iyo ari yo yose y’ubuvuzi, indwara, cyangwa indwara. Birabujijwe rwose n'amategeko kwinjiza ibyo bicuruzwa mumubiri wabantu cyangwa inyamaswa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
Incamake
(1) Imiterere Yubu ningaruka za Asima na Bronchite idakira
Indwara ya asima ni indwara idakira yandurira mu kirere kandi yiganje cyane ku isi. Ibintu byibanze biranga harimo guhumeka kwigihe kirekire, guhumeka neza, hamwe no kugabanuka kwimyuka. Akenshi abarwayi bagaragaza ibimenyetso nko gutontoma, guhumeka neza, gukomera mu gituza, no gukorora, ibyo bikaba byangiza ubuzima bwabo ndetse bikaba bishobora no guhungabanya ubuzima. Indwara ya bronchite idakira irangwa cyane cyane no gutwika indwara zidakira zidasanzwe za bronchi, hamwe no gukorora no kubyara umusaruro nkibimenyetso nyamukuru by’amavuriro. Indwara ikomeza byibuze amezi atatu buri mwaka mumyaka ibiri ikurikiranye cyangwa irenga.
(2) Uruhare Rukuru rwo Gutwika Umuyaga muri Asima na Bronchite idakira
Indwara yo guhumeka muri asima
Mugihe cyo gukura kwa asima, selile zitandukanye zitera nka eosinofile, selile mast, na lymphocytes T zinjizwa mumyuka yumuyaga, zikarekura abunzi batera umuriro hamwe na cytokine, harimo interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), na interleukin-13 (IL-13). Ibi bisubizo byaka umuriro byangiza epitelium yumuyaga, kongera ururenda rwijimye, kugabanuka kwimitsi ihumeka neza no guhindura imikorere, biganisha kumyuka ya hyperresponsiveness no kugabanuka kwumwuka.
Igishushanyo 1 Epitelium yumuyaga ikora nkibice byambere hagati yibidukikije nibihaha.
Indwara yo guhumeka muri Bronchite idakira
Indwara yo guhumeka muri bronchite idakira ihuzwa cyane na neutrophile, macrophage, nizindi selile. Poroteyine, ubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora, hamwe n’ibindi bintu byasohotse mu gihe cyo gutwika byangiza imiterere y’imyuka n’imikorere, biganisha ku kubyimba inkuta zo mu kirere no kugabanuka kwa lumen, bityo bikabangamira ihanahana rya gaze. Kumara igihe kirekire bitera imbaraga birashobora kandi guteza imbere indwara kandi bikongera ibyago byo guhura nibibazo nko kunanirwa imikorere yibihaha n'indwara z'umutima.
(4) Amavu n'amavuko ya Bronchogen nkumuti ushobora kuvura
Urebye uko ubu buryo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa na asima na bronhite idakira, kumenya imiti ivura ibintu bishya, umutekano, kandi bifite akamaro kanini bifite ivuriro. Bronchogen irashobora guhindura ibisubizo byumuriro binyuze munzira nyinshi, birashobora kubuza guhumeka umwuka mubarwayi barwaye asima na bronhite idakira, bityo bigafasha mukuvura ibi bihe.
Ingaruka zibuza Bronchogen kumuriro wa Airway abarwayi ba asima
(1) Ingaruka zigenga ingirabuzimafatizo
Eosinofili
Eosinofile igira uruhare runini mu gutwika umwuka muri asima. Ibintu bifite uburozi barekura, nka poroteyine ya eosinofil cationic, birashobora kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu kirere no kongera ibisubizo by’umuriro. Bronchogen irashobora kubuza chemotaxis no gukora eosinofile, bikagabanya kwinjirira mumyuka. Muguhindura imvugo ya reseptor ya chemokine, cyane cyane CC chemokine reseptor 3 (CCR3), irabuza guhuza hagati ya eosinofile na selile epithelial selile hamwe na selile endothelia, bityo bikagabanya kwegeranya kwayo mumyuka yumuyaga.
Lymphocytes
Th2 selile ningirabuzimafatizo zikomeye mumubiri wa asima, gusohora cytokine nka IL-4, IL-5, na IL-13, bigatera imbaraga za eosinofil hamwe na hyperresponsiveness yo mu kirere. Bronchogen ibuza Th2 gutandukanya imikorere nimikorere, kugabanya umusaruro wiyi cytokine. Bronchogen kandi igenga umubare n'imikorere ya selile T igenga (Tregs), ikongera imbaraga za Tregs zo guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo za Th2, kugumana ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, no kugabanya umuriro uhumeka.
Ingirabuzimafatizo
Ingirabuzimafatizo zirekura byihuse abunzi nka histamine na leukotriène mugihe cya asima, bigatuma imitsi ihumeka imitsi igabanuka kandi byongera imiyoboro y'amaraso. Bronchogen ihindura ingirabuzimafatizo ya mast, ikabuza kwangirika, kandi igabanya irekurwa ryabunzi batera umuriro, bityo bikagabanya uburibwe bukabije bwo mu kirere.
(2) Ingaruka kubunzi batera umuriro na cytokine
Kugabanya irekurwa ryabunzi batera umuriro
Usibye kubuza irekurwa rya histamine na leukotriène biva mu ngirabuzimafatizo, Bronchogen igabanya kandi urwego rw’abandi bahuza batera umuriro, nka prostaglandine D₂ (PGD₂) na tromboxane A₂ (TXA₂). Aba bahuza b'umuriro barashobora gutera imitsi ya bronchial yoroshye imitsi, kwiyongera kwa mucus, hamwe na vasodilation, bikongerera uburibwe. Muguhagarika ibikorwa byimisemburo nka cyclooxygenase (COX), Bronchogen igabanya synthesis ya PGD₂ na TXA₂, bityo bikagabanya ibisubizo byumuriro wa bronchial.
Amabwiriza ya Cytokine
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, abarwayi ba asima bagaragaza ubusumbane muri cytokine zitandukanye mu kirere, hamwe n’urwego rwo hejuru rwa cytokine yo mu bwoko bwa Th2 nka IL-4, IL-5, na IL-13, naho cytokine yo kurwanya inflammatory nka IL-10 iragabanuka. Bronchogen irashobora kugenzura imvugo ya cytokine irwanya inflammatory nka IL-10, mugihe ibuza gukora cytokine itera inflammatory nka IL-4, IL-5, na IL-13, bityo igakosora ubusumbane bwurusobe rwa cytokine no kugabanya uburibwe bwumuyaga. Bronchogen irabuza kandi ibikorwa bya cytokine nkibibyimba necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) na interferon-γ (IFN-γ), na byo bigira uruhare runini mu gutwika umwuka wa asima no guhindura inzira.
Igishushanyo cya 2 Asima, indwara idakira yandurira mu kirere, irangwa no gutwika eosinofilique, mucus hypersecretion, hyperplasia ya goblet selile, hyper-reaction yo guhumeka, no guhumeka.
(3) Ingaruka zo gukingira ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu kirere
Kugabanya kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo
Indwara ya asima ihumeka irashobora gukurura kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo zo mu kirere, bikangiza imikorere ya barrière. Bronchogen iteza imbere gusana no kuvugurura ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu kirere, zongera imikorere yazo. Bronchogen igenga imvugo ya poroteyine zifatika zifatika nka occludin hamwe na protein ihuza 1 (ZO-1), ikomeza guhuza cyane hagati ya selile epithelia no kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'abunzi batwika na allergens.
Kubuza ururenda rukabije
Ururenda rwinshi mu myuka ihumeka ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biranga asima. Urusenda rwinshi rushobora kubuza inzira zo guhumeka no kongera imipaka yo mu kirere. Bronchogen igabanya umusemburo wa mucus no gusohora muguhagarika imvugo ya mucin (MUC) mumyanya myuka ya epiteliyale. Byongeye kandi, igenga imikorere ya mucociliary clearance, iteza imbere kuvana mucus mu myuka ihumeka no gukomeza guhumeka neza.
(4) Ingaruka zo guhindura inzira
Kubuza imitsi ya selile ikwirakwira no kwimuka
Guhindura umwuka ni impinduka zingenzi ziterwa na asima, harimo kubyimba imitsi yoroshye yo guhumeka no gushira matrice idasanzwe. Bronchogen ibuza ikwirakwizwa no kwimuka kwingirabuzimafatizo zoroheje zo mu kirere, bigabanya umubare nubunini bwazo. Mu kugenzura imvugo ya poroteyine zifitanye isano na selile, kinase iterwa na cyclin (CDKs), na siklin, Bronchogen itera ingirabuzimafatizo zoroheje zo mu kirere zifata mu byiciro byihariye bya selile, bityo bikabuza ikwirakwizwa ryabyo.
Kugabanya matrix idasanzwe
Mugihe cyo guhindura imyuka ya asima, fibroblast ikora kandi ikarekura ibintu byinshi birenze urugero bya matrice idasanzwe nka kolagen na fibronectine, biganisha kubyimbye byinkuta zumuyaga. Bronchogen irashobora kubuza gukora no gukwirakwiza fibroblast, kugabanya synthèse no gushira ibice bigize matrice idasanzwe. Irashobora kandi kugenga uburinganire buri hagati ya matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) hamwe na inhibitor za tissue (TIMPs), bigatera kwangirika kwa matrise idasanzwe kandi bikagabanya urugero rwo guhindura inzira.
Ingaruka mbi ya Bronchogen kumuriro uhumeka kubarwayi barwaye bronchite idakira
(1) Amabwiriza yo kwinjiza selile no gutwika
Neutrophile
Neutrophile yiganje cyane mu mwuka uhumeka muri bronhite idakira, kandi protease zirekura nka elastase, zishobora kwangiza imiterere yumuyaga. Bronchogen irashobora kubuza neutrophil chemotaxis no gukora, bikagabanya kwirundanya kwayo. Muguhagarika imvugo ya integin hejuru ya neutrophile, nka β₂ integrin, igabanya guhuza neutrophile na selile endothelia, bityo bikagabanya kwimuka kwayo mumyuka yumuyaga.
Makrophage
Macrophage ntabwo igira uruhare mu gukuraho indwara ya virusi gusa mugihe cyo gutwika indwara ya bronhite idakira ahubwo inarekura abunzi batandukanye. Bronchogen irashobora kugenga imiterere ya macrophage, igateza imbere ihinduka ryayo muri macrophage anti-inflammatory (M2 yo mu bwoko bwa M2), bityo bikagabanya irekurwa rya cytokine itera inflammatory nka IL-1β na TNF-α mugihe byongera ururenda rwa cytokine irwanya inflammatory nka IL-10, bityo bikagabanya uburibwe bwo guhumeka.
(2) Ingaruka kubunzi ba Inflammatory Mediates na Protease
Kugabanya Urwego Rwabunzi
Ku barwayi barwaye bronchite idakira, abunzi banyuranye batwika bazamurwa mu kirere, nka IL-8 na leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄). Aba bahuza batera umuriro bakurura neutrophile nizindi selile zitera umuriro, bikongerera igisubizo. Bronchogen irashobora kubuza umusaruro no kurekura abo bahuza batera umuriro muguhagarika imikorere yinzira zerekana ibimenyetso nkibintu bya kirimbuzi-κB (NF-κB), bityo bikagabanya kwanduza gene hamwe no guhuza abunzi batera umuriro.
Kubuza ibikorwa bya protease
Poroteyine zirekurwa na neutrophile, nka elastase na cathepsin, zirashobora kwangiza fibre ya elastique na kolagen mu myuka ihumeka, bigatuma kwangirika kwinkuta zumuyaga. Bronchogen ifite ibikorwa byo guhagarika protease, ibuza mu buryo butaziguye ibikorwa bya poroteyine no kugabanya ibyangiritse ku myuka yo mu kirere. Irashobora kandi kugenga uburinganire buri hagati ya protease na inhibitor zabo, bikongera urwego rwimiti ya protease nka α₁-antitrypsin, bikarushaho kugabanya ibyangiritse biterwa na protease byangiza inzira zumuyaga.
(3) Gutezimbere umwuka wo mu kirere hypersecretion n'imikorere ya ciliary
Kugabanya ururenda
Abarwayi barwaye bronchite idakira bakunze kugira ururenda rwinshi mu myuka ihumeka, bikongera inkorora ndetse n’umusemburo. Bronchogen irashobora kugabanya synthesis ya mucus no gusohora muguhagarika imvugo ya MUC muri selile epithelial selile. Irashobora kandi kugenga imiterere ya fiziki ya chimique yumuyaga uhumeka, igabanya ubukana bwayo kandi byoroshye kwirukana.
Kuzamura imikorere ya ciliary
Ubusanzwe ciliary igenda mumyuka ni uburyo bwingenzi bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumeka. Ku barwayi barwaye bronchite idakira, imikorere mibi ya ciliary itera ururenda. Bronchogen iteza imbere gusana no kuvugurura ingirabuzimafatizo zifata inzira, byongera inshuro ya ciliary gukubita hamwe na amplitude, bityo bikanoza imikorere ya mucociliary. Ibi bifasha mukwirukana ururenda na virusi ziva mumyuka, bigabanya uburibwe bwo guhumeka.
(4) Kurinda imiterere yumuyaga n'imikorere
Kugabanya urukuta rwumuyaga
Indurwe zidakira zo mu kirere zirashobora gutuma umubyimba winkuta zumuyaga no kugabanuka kwa lumen kubarwayi barwaye bronhite idakira. Bronchogen igabanya urugero rwurukuta rwumuyaga rwiyongera mukurinda kwinjirira kwingirabuzimafatizo, kugabanya ibyangiritse kubunzi batera umuriro na protease, no kugenzura metabolisme ya matrice idasanzwe, bityo bikagumana imiterere isanzwe nubushobozi bwimyuka ihumeka.
Kunoza imikorere y'ibihaha
Mugabanye umuriro uhumeka, kugabanya ururenda, kongera imikorere ya ciliary, no kurinda imiterere yumuyaga, Bronchogen ifasha kunoza imikorere yibihaha kubarwayi barwaye bronhite idakira. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nyuma yo kuvurwa na Bronchogen, ibipimo by’ibikorwa by’ibihaha by’abarwayi nk’umubyigano wa expiratory ku isegonda imwe (FEV₁) hamwe n’ubushobozi bw’ingufu (FVC) byateye imbere ku buryo bugaragara, kandi ibimenyetso nka dyspnea byagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara.
Umwanzuro
Muri make, Bronchogen, nkumuti ushobora kuvura indwara yumwuka muri asima na bronhite idakira, ifite uburyo bwinshi bwibikorwa, inzira nyinshi zo kurwanya inflammatory. Mugutunganya ingirabuzimafatizo, abunzi batera umuriro, selile epithelial selile, hamwe no guhindura inzira zo guhumeka, Bronchogen irwanya neza umuriro uhumeka muri asima nabarwayi ba bronchite idakira, itezimbere imiterere yimikorere nimikorere, kandi bizamura imibereho yabarwayi.
Inkomoko
[1] Umuhungu JW, Lim S. Glucagon-Nka Peptide-1 Ubuvuzi bushingiye: Horizon Nshya mu gucunga umubyibuho ukabije [J]. Endocrinology na Metabolism, 2024,39 (2): 206-221.DOI: 10.3803 / EnM.2024.1940.
[2] Hough KP, Curtiss ML, Blain TJ, n'abandi. Guhindura inzira yo guhumeka muri asima [J]. Imipaka mu buvuzi, 2020, Umubumbe wa 7.DOI: org / 10.3389 / fmed.2020.00191.
[3] Athari S S. Kwibasira selile yerekana muri asima ya allergique [J]. Kwimura Ibimenyetso hamwe nubuvuzi bugenewe, 2019,4 (1): 45.DOI: 10.1038 / s41392-019-0079-0.
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