By Cocer Peptides 
Watanni 1 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da kowane yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Dubawa
Thymulin shine hormone neuroendocrine wanda aka fara magana dashi da 'serum thymic factor' (FTS). An samo shi da farko ta ƙwayoyin epithelial na thymic kuma yana yin tasirin ilimin halitta a cikin jiki a cikin nau'i mai ɗaure da sunadaran da ke ɗauka da ions zinc (Zn⊃2; ⁺). A matsayin hormone peptide, Thymulin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin tsarin rigakafi na jiki. Thymus yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakawa da girma na tsarin rigakafi, kuma a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda thymus ya ɓoye shi, kwanciyar hankali na aikin Thymulin yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye matsayin al'ada na rigakafi a cikin jiki. Yayin da shekaru ke ƙaruwa, thymus a hankali yana raguwa, kuma ƙwayar Thymulin yana raguwa daidai da haka, wanda ke hade da raguwar aikin tsarin rigakafi. A cikin tsofaffi, aikin rigakafi gabaɗaya yana raguwa, kuma wani ɓangare na wannan na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da raguwar ɓoyewar Thymulin.
Hoto 1 Tsarin tsari na rawar thymulin a cikin daidaita ayyukan endocrine neuro-immune.
Matsayi a cikin Tsarin rigakafi
Bambancin T lymphocyte: Thymulin shine babban hormone a cikin bambancin T lymphocyte. T lymphocytes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rigakafi na salula a cikin tsarin rigakafi, ciki har da ganowa da kawar da kwayoyin cutar da kwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin tumo, da sauransu. Thymulin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bambance-bambance a hankali na T-lymphocytes daga sel masu tasowa a cikin thymus zuwa manyan sassan T cell tare da ayyuka daban-daban, kamar su mataimaki T Kwayoyin (Th) da cytotoxic T Kwayoyin (Tc). A lokacin wannan tsari na bambance-bambance, thymulin yana shiga cikin daidaita yanayin bayyanar da jerin kwayoyin halitta, inganta ƙwayar lymphocytes T don samun takamaiman alamomi da halaye na aiki, ta haka yana ba su damar gane daidai da amsawa ga nau'o'in antigenic daban-daban.
Daidaita rabon sel masu taimako na T zuwa sel masu hanawa: Thymulin yana taimakawa kiyaye daidaitaccen rabo tsakanin sel masu taimako na T da sel masu hanawa. Kwayoyin taimako na T suna taimakawa B lymphocytes don samar da kwayoyin rigakafi, haɓaka ƙarfin phagocytic na macrophages, da inganta haɓakawa da bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin T. Kwayoyin T masu hanawa, a gefe guda, suna hana wuce kima kunna amsawar rigakafi, hana farawar cututtuka na autoimmune. Thymulin yana tabbatar da tsarin garkuwar jiki na iya yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasashen waje yadda ya kamata yayin da yake guje wa wuce gona da iri na rigakafi wanda zai iya lalata kyallen jikin jikin ta hanyar daidaita daidaiton rabon waɗannan nau'ikan tantanin halitta guda biyu. Matakan thymulin mara kyau na iya rushe wannan ma'auni, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin aiki na rigakafi, kamar haɓakar cututtukan autoimmune.
Abubuwan anti-mai kumburi: Thymulin yana nuna mahimman kaddarorin anti-mai kumburi. Zai iya ƙaddamar da sakin masu shiga tsakani, irin su cytokines (misali, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), da dai sauransu) da kuma chemokines, wanda ke taka rawa wajen daukar kwayoyin halitta na rigakafi da haɓaka siginar kumburi yayin amsawar kumburi. Thymulin na iya haɓaka abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi, irin su interleukin-10 (IL-10), wanda ke hana kunna ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma samar da masu shiga tsakani, ta haka ne ke haifar da sakamako mai kumburi. Thymulin kuma na iya daidaita abubuwan rubutawa da hanyoyin sigina masu alaƙa don sarrafa ci gaban martanin kumburi a matakin ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin jihohi masu kumburi, irin su a cikin ƙirar bera na kumburi wanda ya haifar da cikakkiyar adjuvant na Freund (CFA), maganin Thymulin ya rage yawan hyperalgesia da paw edema, yayin da kuma rage CFA-induced microglia activation, phosphorylation na p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), da kuma samar da sprkines inflammatory. martani mai kumburi ta hanyar hana kunna microglia na kashin baya da kuma samar da masu shiga tsakani na tsakiya.
Ka'idar aikin phagocyte: A wasu samfuran gwaji, irin su samfurin granuloma na linzamin kwamfuta na BCG, maganin Thymulin 5CH ya inganta tsarin kumburin granuloma. Musamman, ya tsara bambance-bambancen phagocytes na gida da na tsarin jiki, ya inganta bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta na peritoneal B1 zuwa phagocytes, kuma ya rage yawan phagocytes masu kamuwa da cuta a cikin rauni, yana nuna cewa kamuwa da cuta ya ragu. Maganin Thymulin kuma yana ƙara yawan adadin phagocytes B1 da aka samo, CD4⁺, da CD8⁺ T lymphocytes a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph na gida, suna nuna cewa Thymulin ba kawai rinjayar bambance-bambancen phagocyte ba amma yana rinjayar ƙaura na T Kwayoyin zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na gida, don haka yana inganta ƙarfin kariya na gida.
Aikace-aikace
Maganin cututtuka masu kumburi: Idan aka ba da kaddarorin anti-kumburi na Thymulin, yana riƙe yuwuwar ƙimar aikace-aikacen a cikin maganin cututtukan kumburi daban-daban. A cikin nazarin maganin ciwon asma na yau da kullum, an gudanar da maganin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar shakar plasmid mai bayyana Thymulin. Bayan da cutar ta sami kwanciyar hankali sosai, an ba wa beraye magani guda ɗaya ta hanyar gudanar da iskar gas. Kwanaki ashirin bayan haka, an daidaita mahimmin sifofin cututtukan cututtukan fuka a cikin huhu, kamar kumburi na yau da kullun, fibrosis na huhu, da ƙa'idodin injin da ba na al'ada ba. Ƙarin ƙididdiga na nama da salon salula sun tabbatar da cewa an samu wannan maganin maganin ta hanyar maganin kumburi da fibrotic. A cikin samfurin linzamin kwamfuta na ciwon fuka mai ciwon ovalbumin da aka yi da DNA nanoparticles dauke da Thymulin plasmid, magani guda ɗaya ya iya hana kumburin huhu, ƙaddamar da collagen, da kuma hawan jini mai santsi, yayin da inganta kayan aikin huhu, ta haka ne ya buɗe sababbin hanyoyi don magance ciwon fuka na kullum. A cikin wasu cututtuka masu kumburi irin su cututtukan cututtuka na rheumatoid da cututtuka na ciwon daji, ko da yake a halin yanzu a cikin mataki na bincike, bisa ga tsarin anti-inflammatory na Thymulin, ana tsammanin cewa daidaita matakan Thymulin ko yin kwaikwayon tasirinsa zai iya rage bayyanar cututtuka da kuma kula da ci gaban cututtuka.
Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da rigakafi: Ga cututtukan da ke haifar da dysregulation na rigakafi, kamar cututtukan autoimmune, Thymulin na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ta hanyar daidaita bambance-bambancen T lymphocyte da rabon sel masu taimako na T don hana ƙwayoyin cuta, Thymulin na iya gyara kunna tsarin rigakafi mara kyau kuma ya rage lalacewar kyallen takarda da gabobin da ke haifar da harin autoimmune. A wasu gwaje-gwajen dabba, Thymulin ya nuna wasu haɓakawa a cikin wasu nau'ikan cututtukan autoimmune.
Magungunan Adjuvant don cututtuka masu yaduwa: A cikin cututtuka masu yaduwa, Thymulin na iya haɓaka ikon jiki don share ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar daidaita aikin tsarin rigakafi. A cikin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, Thymulin na iya haɓaka amsawar rigakafi ta salon salula ta hanyar daidaita aikin T lymphocyte, wanda hakan zai fi dacewa da kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamuwa da cuta. Its anti-mai kumburi sakamako kuma taimaka rage kumburi-jawo lalacewa nama da kuma hana na biyu illa lalacewa ta hanyar wuce kima kumburi martani.
Kammalawa
A taƙaice, Thymulin yana taka rawa mai yawa a cikin tsarin tsarin rigakafi kuma yana da aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci a cikin cututtukan kumburi, cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsarin rigakafi, da cututtukan cututtuka.
Sources
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