Bya Cocer Peptides 
omwezi gumu emabega
EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA.
Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu vitro (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.
Okutwalira awamu
Thymulin ye busimu obukola ku busimu obuyitibwa neuroendocrine hormone mu kusooka nga buyitibwa 'serum thymic factor' (FTS). Okusinga kikolebwa obutoffaali bw’omubiri obuyitibwa thymic epithelial cells era kikola ebikolwa byakyo eby’obulamu mu mubiri mu ngeri esibiddwa ku puloteyina ezitwala ne zinki ions (Zn⊃2;+). Nga peptide hormone, Thymulin ekola kinene nnyo mu nkola y’okulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri mu mubiri. Thymus ekola kinene nnyo mu nkula n’okukula kw’abaserikale b’omubiri, era ng’ekintu ekikulu ekifulumizibwa thymus, okutebenkera kw’emirimu gya Thymulin kikulu nnyo mu kukuuma embeera y’abaserikale eya bulijjo mu mubiri. Emyaka bwe gyeyongera, thymus egenda ekendeera mpolampola, era okufulumya Thymulin kukendeera okusinziira ku ekyo, ekikwatagana n’okukendeera kw’enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri. Mu bakadde, okutwalira awamu enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri ekendeera, era ekitundu ku kino kiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku kukendeera kw’okufulumya Thymulin.
Ekifaananyi 1 Ekifaananyi ekiraga omulimu gwa thymulin mu kulungamya ebikolwa by’obusimu n’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde.
Omulimu mu nkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri
T lymphocyte differentiation: Thymulin ye hormone enkulu mu kwawula T lymphocyte. T lymphocytes zikola kinene nnyo mu buziyiza bw’obutoffaali munda mu baserikale b’omubiri, omuli okuzuula n’okumalawo obutoffaali obusiigiddwa obuwuka obuleeta endwadde, obutoffaali bw’ekizimba n’ebirala. Thymulin ekola kinene nnyo mu kwawula mpolampola obutoffaali bwa T okuva mu butoffaali obusookerwako mu thymus okudda mu bitundu by’obutoffaali bwa T ebikuze ebirina emirimu egy’enjawulo, gamba nga obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi (Th) n’obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka (Tc). Mu nkola eno ey’enjawulo, thymulin yeetaba mu kulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obuddiriŋŋana, okutumbula T lymphocytes okufuna obubonero obw’enjawulo obw’okungulu n’engeri z’emirimu, bwe kityo n’ezisobozesa okutegeera obulungi n’okuddamu ebizibu eby’enjawulo eby’obuzaale.
Okulungamya omugerageranyo gw’obutoffaali obuyamba T n’obutoffaali obuziyiza: Thymulin eyamba okukuuma omugerageranyo ogwa bulijjo wakati w’obutoffaali obuyamba T n’obutoffaali obuziyiza. Obutoffaali obuyamba T buyamba obutoffaali bwa B mu kukola antibodies, okutumbula obusobozi bwa phagocytic bwa macrophages, era butumbula okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali bwa T. Ate obutoffaali bwa T obuziyiza, buziyiza okukola okuyitiridde okw’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri, ne kiziyiza okutandika kw’endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri. Thymulin ekakasa nti abaserikale b’omubiri basobola okulwanyisa obulungi obuwuka obuleeta endwadde ebweru ate nga beewala okuddamu kw’abaserikale okuyitiridde okuyinza okwonoona ebitundu by’omubiri gwennyini nga batereeza bulungi omugerageranyo gw’ebika by’obutoffaali bino ebibiri. Omuwendo gwa thymulin ogutali gwa bulijjo guyinza okutaataaganya bbalansi eno, ekiyinza okuvaako abaserikale b’omubiri obutakola bulungi, gamba ng’obulabe obw’okwongera okufuna endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri.
Ebikolwa ebiziyiza okuzimba: Thymulin eraga obusobozi obw’amaanyi obuziyiza okuzimba. Kiyinza okukendeeza ku kufuluma kw’abatabaganya okuzimba, nga cytokines (okugeza, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), n’ebirala) ne chemokines, ezikola emirimu mu kuwandiika obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri n’okugaziya obubonero bw’okuzimba mu kiseera ky’okuddamu kw’okuzimba. Thymulin esobola okulinnyisa ensonga eziziyiza okuzimba, nga interleukin-10 (IL-10), eziziyiza okukola kw’obutoffaali obuzimba n’okukola ebitabaganya ebizimba, bwe kityo n’ekola ebikolwa eby’okulwanyisa okuzimba. Thymulin era esobola okulungamya ensonga z’okuwandiika n’amakubo g’obubonero agakwatagana okufuga enkulaakulana y’okuddamu kw’okuzimba ku ddaala lya molekyu. Mu mbeera z’okuzimba, nga mu muze gw’okuzimba ogw’envunza oguleetebwa ekirungo kya Freund ekijjuvu (CFA), obujjanjabi bwa Thymulin bwakendeeza nnyo ku hyperalgesia n’okuzimba ebigere, ate nga era bwakendeeza ku CFA-induced microglia activation, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), n’okukola pro-inflammatory cytokines mu mugongo omuguwa, ekiraga nti gukendeeza ku kuddamu kw’okuzimba nga guziyiza okukola kwa microglia y’omugongo n’okukola abatabaganya okuzimba mu makkati.
Okulungamya emirimu gya phagocyte: Mu bimu ku bikolwa eby’okugezesa, nga BCG-induced mouse granuloma model, obujjanjabi bwa Thymulin 5CH bwalongoosa enkola y’okuzimba granuloma. Okusingira ddala, yalung’amya enjawulo y’obutoffaali obulya emmere obw’omu kitundu n’obw’enkola, yatumbula okwawukana kw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu lubuto B1 mu buwuka obuyitibwa phagocytes, era n’ekendeeza ku muwendo gw’obutoffaali obufukibwa mu kiwundu, ekiraga nti yinfekisoni ekendeezeddwa. Obujjanjabi bwa thymulin era bwongera ku muwendo gw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu B1, CD4+, ne CD8+ T lymphocytes mu nnywanto z’omu kitundu, ekiraga nti Thymulin tekoma ku kukwata ku njawulo ya phagocyte wabula era ekosa okusenguka kw’obutoffaali bwa T okudda mu nnywanto z’omu kitundu, bwe kityo n’eyongera ku busobozi bw’abaserikale b’omubiri mu kitundu.
Okusaba
Obujjanjabi bw’endwadde ezizimba: Okusinziira ku Thymulin’s anti-inflammatory properties, ekwata omugaso oguyinza okukozesebwa mu kujjanjaba endwadde ez’enjawulo ezizimba. Mu kunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa asima obutawona, obujjanjabi bw’obuzaale bwaweebwa nga bayita mu kussa plasmid eraga Thymulin. Oluvannyuma lw’obulwadde okutebenkera mu bujjuvu, ebibe byaweebwa ddoozi emu ey’obujjanjabi nga biyita mu kuweebwa mu nnyindo. Nga wayise ennaku 20, ebintu ebikulu ebikwata ku bulwadde bwa asima mu mawuggwe, gamba ng’okuzimba okutambula obutasalako, okuzimba amawuggwe, n’okulung’amya ebyuma mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo, byafuuka bya bulijjo. Okwongera okwekenneenya ebitundu by’omubiri n’obutoffaali kwakakasa nti okuyingira mu nsonga kuno okw’obujjanjabi kwatuukibwako okuyita mu bikolwa byayo eby’okulwanyisa okuzimba n’okuziyiza ebiwuziwuzi. Mu nkola y’ebibe ey’obulwadde bwa asima obuleetebwa ovalbumin eyajjanjabwa n’obutundutundu bwa DNA obutambuza Thymulin plasmid, obujjanjabi obwa ddoozi emu bwasobola okuziyiza okuzimba kw’amawuggwe, okuteekebwa kwa kolagini, n’okukula kw’ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu, ate nga bulongoosa enkola y’amawuggwe, bwe kityo ne kiggulawo amakubo amapya ag’okujjanjaba asima ow’olubeerera. Mu ndwadde endala ezizimba nga endwadde z’enkizi n’endwadde z’ekyenda ezizimba, wadde nga mu kiseera kino ziri ku mutendera gw’okunoonyereza, okusinziira ku nkola ya Thymulin ey’okulwanyisa okuzimba, kisuubirwa nti okulungamya emiwendo gya Thymulin oba okukoppa ebikolwa byayo kiyinza okukendeeza ku bubonero bw’okuzimba n’okufuga okukulaakulana kw’obulwadde.
Endwadde ezikwatagana n’abaserikale b’omubiri: Ku ndwadde ezireetebwa abaserikale b’omubiri obutakola bulungi, gamba ng’endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri, Thymulin nayo eyinza okukola kinene. Nga etereeza enjawulo ya T lymphocyte n’omugerageranyo gw’obutoffaali obuyamba T n’obutoffaali obuziyiza, Thymulin eyinza okutereeza okukola kw’abaserikale b’omubiri okutali kwa bulijjo n’okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’ebitundu n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebiva ku kulumba kw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Mu kugezesa okumu ku bisolo, Thymulin eraga okulongoosa okumu mu bikolwa ebimu eby’obulwadde obuziyiza endwadde.
Obujjanjabi obuyamba ku ndwadde ezisiigibwa: Mu ndwadde ezisiigibwa, Thymulin esobola okutumbula obusobozi bw’omubiri okulongoosa obuwuka obuleeta endwadde ng’etereeza enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri. Mu yinfekisoni z’akawuka, Thymulin esobola okutumbula obusimu bw’omubiri obuziyiza endwadde ng’etereeza enkola ya T lymphocyte, bwe kityo n’egogola obulungi obutoffaali obulina akawuka. Ebikolwa byayo ebiziyiza okuzimba era biyamba okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’ebitundu ebiva ku kuzimba n’okuziyiza obulabe obw’okubiri obuva ku kuddamu okuzimba okuyitiridde.
Mu bufunzi
Mu bufunze, Thymulin ekola emirimu mingi mu kulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri era erina enkozesa ya maanyi mu ndwadde ezizimba, endwadde ezeekuusa ku kulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri, n’endwadde ezisiigibwa.
Ensonda
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[2] Da S. A., de Oliveira G. P., Kim N., n’abalala. Nanoparticle-based thymulin gene therapy obujjanjabi buzzaawo obulwadde obukulu obw’okugezesa allergic asthma[J]. Enkulaakulana ya Sayansi, 2020,6 (24): eaay7973.DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aay7973.
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[4] Da S. A., Martini S. V., Abreu S. C., n’abalala. DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin gene therapy eremesa okuddamu okukola emikutu gy’empewo mu kugezesa allergic asthma[J]. Journal of Okufulumya okufugibwa, 2014,180:125-133.DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.010.
[5] Haddad JJE, ENES, Garabedian B S. Thymulin: Molekyulu egenda okuvaayo eziyiza okuzimba[J]. Current Eddagala Chemistry - Anti-okuzimba & Anti-Allergy Agents, 2005,4:333-338. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55757311. Enkola y’okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi
[6] Haddad J, Saadé N, Safieh-Garabedian B. Thymulin: Molekyulu egenda okuvaayo eziyiza okuzimba[J]. Eddagala eririwo kati - Ebirungo ebiziyiza okuzimba & okulwanyisa alergy, 2005,4:333-338.DOI:10.2174/ 15680140540 65195.
[7] Safieh B, Kendall M. D., Norman J. C., n’abalala. Radioimmunoassay empya ku thymic peptide thymulin, n’okukozesebwa kwayo okupima thymulin mu sampuli z’omusaayi[J]. Journal of Enkola z'obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, 1990, 127 (2): 255-262.DOI: 10.1016 / 0022-1759 (90) 90076-8.
Ekintu ekiriwo okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza kwokka:
