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1 kits (10 Vials)
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▎ Glutathione Binciken
Menene asalin bincike na Glutathione?
Ganowa da ƙayyadaddun tsari na glutathione: A cikin 1888, an fara gano glutathione a cikin yisti. A cikin 1921, masana kimiyya sun ƙara ƙaddara tsarin sinadarai. Trieptide ne wanda aka kafa ta hanyar ƙumburi na glutamic acid, cysteine, da glycine ta hanyar haɗin peptide.
Gane muhimmiyar rawar da yake takawa a cikin halittu masu rai: Tun daga shekarun 1930, mutane sun fahimci a hankali cewa glutathione yana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci iri-iri a cikin halittu masu rai. Yana shiga cikin halayen redox a cikin sel, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na yanayin intracellular da kare sel daga lalacewar oxidative. A lokaci guda kuma, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ilimin halittar jiki kamar jigilar amino acid da daidaita ayyukan enzyme. Wadannan binciken sun kafa tushe na ka'idar don aikace-aikacen glutathione a fannin likitanci.
Bincike kan tushen da buƙatun aikace-aikacen likita ke motsawa: Tare da zurfafa bincike kan ayyukan ilimin halittar jiki na glutathione, yuwuwar ƙimar aikace-aikacen sa a fagen likitanci ya zama sananne. Ana amfani da shi don magance cututtuka iri-iri, kamar cututtukan hanta da cututtukan ido, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman antioxidant. Don saduwa da babban buƙatun glutathione a cikin aikace-aikacen asibiti, masu bincike sun fara ba da kansu don bincika ingantaccen ingantaccen tushen tushen glutathione, wanda ya haɓaka zurfafa bincike akan tushen sa.
Menene tsarin aikin Glutathione?
1. Antioxidant sakamako
Glutathione (GSH) wani ingantaccen antioxidant ne wanda ke shiga cikin tsarin tsaro na antioxidant a cikin sel. Zai iya amsa kai tsaye tare da nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) kamar hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kuma ya rage su zuwa abubuwa marasa lahani (Reddy V N. 1990; Sinha R, 2018). Alal misali, ta hanyar sake zagayowar glutathione redox, glutathione yana amsawa da H₂O₂ kuma ya canza shi zuwa ruwa, don haka yana kare kwayoyin halitta daga lalacewar oxidative. A cikin wannan tsari, glutathione yana oxidized zuwa oxidized glutathione (GSSG), amma glutathione reductase a cikin tantanin halitta zai iya rage GSSG zuwa GSH, yana riƙe da ƙarfin antioxidant na tantanin halitta.
Glutathione kuma na iya kare ƙungiyoyin -SH akan ƙwayar sel, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jigilar cation da haɓakar membrane. Ta hanyar kiyaye raguwar yanayin membrane -SH kungiyoyin, glutathione yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye kwanciyar hankali da aiki na yau da kullun na membrane cell [1].
2. Detoxification sakamako
Glutathione yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin detoxification. Zai iya ɗaure da gubobi don samar da abubuwan da ba su da guba ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna haɓaka haɓakarsu daga jiki. Alal misali, a cikin hanta, glutathione yana ɗaure da abubuwa masu cutarwa daban-daban kuma yana fitar da shi daga jiki ta hanyar bile ko fitsari, yana kare ƙwayoyin hanta daga lalacewa. Hanta ita ce babbar gabobin jikin mutum, kuma aikin glutathione a cikinta yana da mahimmanci.
3. Tasiri kan tsarin rigakafi
Glutathione yana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi. A cikin macrophages, ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta, da ƙwayoyin T, alal misali, zai iya daidaita tsarin kunnawa tantanin halitta, metabolism, sakin cytokine mai dacewa, aikin redox, da matakan radicals kyauta [2] . Kwayoyin rigakafi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yakar cututtuka da kuma kiyaye lafiyar jiki. Glutathione yana haɓaka ƙarfin garkuwar jiki ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan waɗannan ƙwayoyin.
Glutathione na iya daidaita ayyukan redox, canza bayanin martabar cytokine zuwa nau'in amsawar Th1, kuma yana haɓaka aikin T lymphocytes, don haka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta immunomodulatory da antioxidant [2] . Nau'in cytokines-nau'in Th1 sun fi shiga cikin martanin rigakafi na salula akan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin ƙari. Glutathione yana haɓaka ikon kare lafiyar jiki ta hanyar daidaita ma'aunin cytokines.
4. Matsayi a cikin tsarin haihuwa
Glutathione yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwayoyin halittar maza da mata na dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma a farkon matakan ci gaban amfrayo. A cikin maza da mata gametes, GSH yana da hannu wajen kare waɗannan kwayoyin halitta daga lalacewar oxidative [3] . Misali, a lokacin spermatogenesis, taro na glutathione a hankali yana raguwa, yayin da lokacin girma na oocyte, ana sarrafa kira na glutathione ta hanyar gonadotropins, kuma maida hankalinsa yana canzawa. Glutathione kuma yana da alaƙa da kiyaye ilimin halittar ɗan adam na meiotic spindle na oocyte. Bayan hadi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samuwar pronucleus na namiji da kuma ci gaban amfrayo na farko zuwa matakin blastocyst. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cumulus kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɗin glutathione.
Menene aikace-aikacen Glutathione?
1. Aikace-aikace a cikin cututtukan hanta barasa
Ciwon hanta na barasa (ALD) cuta ce mai tsanani da ke tattare da matsanancin damuwa. Yin amfani da barasa na yau da kullum zai iya haifar da danniya da kumburi, lalata ƙwayoyin hanta. Glutathione (GSH), wani tripeptide wanda ya ƙunshi γ-glutamylcysteineylglycine mai ƙunshe da ƙungiyar thiol, yana shiga cikin halayen redox kuma shine babban mai ɓarna radical a cikin sel. A cikin hanta, ƙaddamarwar GSH yana da girma sosai, amma a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ALD, matakin endogenous yana raguwa, yana tsananta yanayin.
Ƙarfafawar jini na GSH ya nuna sakamako mai kyau a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ALD, samun damar inganta aikin hanta da rage alamun fibrosis [4].
2. Matsayin jinkirta tsufa
A cikin bazuwar, makafi biyu, mai sarrafa wuribo, a layi daya, nazarin hannu uku na batutuwan mata masu lafiya, alamar melanin da tabo ultraviolet akan fuska da hannayen abubuwan da ke ɗauke da GSH ko GSSG galibi suna ƙasa da na rukunin placebo. A wasu yankuna, an rage yawan wrinkles na batutuwa da ke shan GSH, kuma idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar placebo, fatar jikin GSH da GSSG sun nuna halin haɓaka. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa glutathione yana da tasiri mai kyau akan jinkirta tsufa na fata [5].
2. Aikace-aikace a cikin cutar Parkinson
Cutar Parkinson (PD) cuta ce ta jijiya. Bincike ya nuna cewa glutathione (GSH) na iya samun wani tasiri na warkewa akan PD. Ta hanyar bincike na tsari na ma'ajin bayanai da yawa da meta-bincike, an gano cewa akwai babban bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin Ma'aunin Ƙididdigar Cutar Cutar Parkinson (UPDRS) III tsakanin GSH da ƙungiyar kulawa, kuma akwai kuma babban bambanci a cikin glutathione peroxidase. Koyaya, babu wani bambance-bambancen ƙididdiga tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu a cikin maki UPDRS I da UPDRS II da sakamako masu illa. Bugu da ƙari, bincike na rukuni ya nuna cewa kashi (300mg vs 600mg) wani abu ne da ya shafi UPDRS III. Wannan yana nuna cewa GSH na iya ɗan inganta ƙimar PD ɗin ba tare da ƙara abubuwan da suka faru ba [6].
3. Aikace-aikace a cikin cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
Rigakafin cututtukan zuciya: A cikin cututtukan zuciya kamar toshewar jijiyoyin jini, cututtukan zuciya, da bugun jini, yawancin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya suna haifar da yanayin damuwa na oxidative yayin haɓakarsu, wanda ke haifar da tabarbarewar yanayin marasa lafiya, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) da nau'in nitrogen mai amsawa (RNS). Rage glutathione (GSH), a matsayin muhimmin antioxidant, na iya shiga cikin yaƙi da iskar oxygenation na abubuwa masu aiki. GSH an haɗa shi a cikin zuciya da hanta kuma yana da mahimmanci don hana ko rage cutarwar ROS a cikin cututtukan zuciya [7].
A cikin cututtukan zuciya: ƙananan matakan glycine masu rarrabawa suna hade da cututtukan zuciya (CVD). Nazarin ya gano cewa ƙarancin glycine yana haɓaka haɓakar atherosclerosis, yayin da ƙarin glycine yana raunana shi. DT-109 wani fili ne na tushen glycine tare da dual lipid-lowering/glucose-lowing Properties kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na kariya daga atherosclerosis. Nazarin kan marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya na jijiyoyin jini, mice atherosclerotic, da macrophages sun nuna cewa glycine yana da tasirin pathogenic a cikin atherosclerosis, kuma jiyya na tushen glycine na iya rage atherosclerosis ta hanyar tasirin antioxidant na haifar da biosynthesis na glutathione [8]..
Source:PubMed [8]
4. Aikace-aikace a cikin rigakafi da maganin cututtukan ido
Rigakafi da maganin ciwon ido: A cikin ilimin ido, ana iya amfani da glutathione don rigakafi da maganin ciwon ido. Bincike ya nuna cewa abin da ya faru na cataracts yana da alaƙa sosai da lalacewar oxidative a cikin ruwan tabarau. A matsayin antioxidant, glutathione na iya rage tasirin lalacewar oxidative akan ƙwayoyin ruwan tabarau kuma ya kula da aikin al'ada na ruwan tabarau. Alal misali, a cikin binciken, an yi amfani da ɗigon idanu da ke ɗauke da glutathione don kula da masu ciwon ido, kuma an lura cewa an rage girman rashin ruwan tabarau na marasa lafiya, kuma an inganta hangen nesa zuwa wani matsayi [9]..
Rigakafi da maganin ciwon ido: Ciwon ƙwayar cuta cuta ce ta ido ta gama gari, kuma abin da ya faru yana da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar damuwa na oxidative da amsawar kumburi. Glutathione na iya, ta hanyar tasirin antioxidant, rage lalacewar oxidative na nama na retinal, ya hana amsawar kumburi, don haka yana kare ƙwayoyin retinal. Bugu da ƙari, glutathione kuma na iya haɓaka aikin rayuwa na ƙwayoyin retinal da haɓaka ikon gyaran kai na retina [9].
5. Aikace-aikace a mahara sclerosis
A cikin mahara sclerosis, neuronal degeneration yana da alaka da oxidative danniya. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) wani zaɓi ne mai tasiri na maganin baka wanda aka tabbatar da shi don rage ayyukan cututtuka da ci gaba a cikin marasa lafiya tare da relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. DMF can activate the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), leading to an increase in the synthesis of the main cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), and has a significant neuroprotective effect in vitro. Nazarin ya gano cewa DMF yana haifar da glutathione reductase (GSR), yana haɓaka sake yin amfani da glutathione ta hanyar haifar da GSR [10]..
6. Aikace-aikace a cikin cutar Alzheimer
A cikin cutar Alzheimer, ana ɗaukar amyloid β peptide (Aβ) ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar Alzheimer (AD). Ferroptosis wani sabon tsari ne da aka sani na mutuwar ƙwayoyin oxidative wanda ke da alaƙa da AD. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) yana da fa'ida wajen sauke koyo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin AD da tsofaffin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta. Nazarin sun gano cewa TSG yana tsayayya da mutuwar neurotoxic na ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da Aβ ke haifar da su ta hanyar sarrafa furotin da ke da alaka da ferroptosis da enzymes a cikin APP / PS1 mice, yana rage damuwa na oxidative na salula da kuma lalacewa mai kumburi, kuma yana inganta kunnawar GSH / GPX4 / ROS da Keap1 / Nrf2 / ARE hanyoyin sigina. Bugu da ƙari, TSG kuma yana rage maganganun alamomin da ke da alaƙa da ferroptosis kuma yana haɓaka ikon yin tsayayya da damuwa na oxidative [11]..
7. Adjuvant maganin cututtuka na numfashi
Maganin kulawa da cututtukan cututtuka na yau da kullum (COPD): Ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon huhu na huhu, kumburin iska da damuwa na oxidative sune mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar. Glutathione na iya rage kumburin iska da inganta aikin numfashi ta hanyar tasirin antioxidant. Yana iya kawar da radicals kyauta a cikin hanyar iska, rage lalacewar danniya na oxidative zuwa kwayoyin epithelial na iska, kuma ta haka ne ya kawar da kumburin iska. Bugu da ƙari, glutathione kuma na iya daidaita aikin rigakafi da haɓaka juriyar jiki ga ƙwayoyin cuta [12].
8. Aikace-aikace a cikin cututtuka na tsibirin
An kimanta glutathione reductase da glutathione peroxidase a cikin maganin marasa lafiya da cututtukan tsibirin da masu ciwon sukari. Bincike ya nuna cewa a cikin wannan cuta, rashin daidaituwa na rabon oxidants zuwa antioxidants na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da yanayin, kuma takamaiman tsarin ya rage don ƙarin nazarin [13]..
Ƙarshe
A matsayin fili na tripeptide wanda ya ƙunshi glutamic acid, cysteine, da glycine, glutathione yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayayyun halittu, irin su antioxidation, detoxification, tsarin rigakafi, da tasiri akan tsarin haihuwa. Tun lokacin da aka gano shi, tare da zurfafa bincike, ana ci gaba da nuna ƙimar aikace-aikacensa a fannin likitanci, yana nuna tasiri mai kyau a cikin jiyya ko rigakafin cututtuka iri-iri kamar cututtukan hanta na giya, cutar Parkinson, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, da cututtukan ido. Ko da yake ana ci gaba da bincika hanyoyin aikace-aikacen a wasu fannoni da cikakkun bayanai game da rawar da take takawa a wasu cututtuka, glutathione yana da matuƙar mahimmanci wajen kiyaye lafiyar jiki da rigakafi da magance cututtuka.
Game da Marubuci
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.
Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya
Rom O ƙwararren mai bincike ne wanda ke da alaƙa da manyan cibiyoyi da yawa, gami da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana a Shreveport, Tsarin Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana, Jami'ar Pittsburgh, da Jami'ar Michigan. Ayyukansa yana da alaƙa da sanannun abubuwa kamar Lsuhs Shreveport da Michigan Med, yana nuna rawar da ya taka a cikin manyan wuraren ilimi da na likita.
Sha'awar binciken Rom O ya ta'allaka ne a cikin nau'ikan batutuwa iri-iri. Kwarewarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin fannonin Tsarin Ciwon Jiki & Ciwon zuciya, Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, da Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Tare da aikin da aka mayar da hankali kan waɗannan ɓangarori na binciken, ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimi da fahimta a cikin waɗannan rassa masu mahimmanci na kimiyyar likitanci.an jera a cikin ambaton ambaton [9].
