Glutathione 1500 mg

▎ Glutathione Ọdịdị

Isi mmalite: PubChem

Usoro: XCG Ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ: C 10H 17N 3O 6S Arọ molekụla: 307.33g/mol Nọmba CAS: 70-18-8 PubChem CID: 124886 Okwu okwu: L-Glutathione;L-Glutathione belatara;Glutathion

▎ Glutathione Nnyocha

Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke Glutathione?

Nchọpụta na nhazi nhazi nke glutathione: Na 1888, glutathione bụ nke mbụ chọpụtara na yist. N'afọ 1921, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtakwara usoro kemịkal ya. Ọ bụ tripeptide na-emepụta site na condensation nke glutamic acid, cysteine, na glycine site na njikọ peptide.

Nkwenye maka ọrụ dị mkpa ya na ihe ndị dị ndụ: Kemgbe 1930s, ndị mmadụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọta na glutathione nwere ọrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa na ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ọ na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume redox n'ime sel, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado nkwụsi ike nke gburugburu ebe obibi intracellular na ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi oxidative. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro physiological dịka njem amino acid na nhazi nke ọrụ enzyme. Nchọpụta ndị a etinyela ntọala usoro maka itinye glutathione na ngalaba ahụike.

Nnyocha na isi mmalite nke ngwa ahụike chọrọ: Site na nyocha miri emi banyere ọrụ physiological nke glutathione, uru itinye ya n'ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike na-abawanye nke ọma. A na-eji ya agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche, dị ka ọrịa imeju na ọrịa anya, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka antioxidant. Iji gboo nnukwu ọchịchọ maka glutathione na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ, ndị nchọpụta malitere itinye onwe ha n'ịchọpụta nke ọma na isi mmalite nke glutathione, bụ nke kwalitere nyocha miri emi na isi mmalite ya.

Kedu ihe bụ usoro nke Glutathione?

1. Mmetụta antioxidant

Glutathione (GSH) bụ antioxidant dị irè nke na-ekere òkè na usoro nchebe antioxidant n'ime sel. Ọ nwere ike meghachi omume ozugbo na ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS) dị ka hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) wee belata ha ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ (Reddy V N. 1990; Sinha R, 2018). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na okirikiri glutathione redox, glutathione na-emeghachi omume na H₂O₂ ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ mmiri, si otú a na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi oxidative. Na usoro a, glutathione bụ oxidized na oxidized glutathione (GSSG), ma glutathione reductase na cell nwere ike ibelata GSSG azụ na GSH, na-ejigide ikike antioxidant nke cell.

Glutathione nwekwara ike ichekwa otu -SH na akpụkpọ ahụ cell, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na njem cation na akpụkpọ ahụ. Site n'ịkwado ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ahụ -SH dị ntakịrị, glutathione na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike na ọrụ nkịtị nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell ^[1]..

2. Mmetụta detoxification

Glutathione na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nsị. Ọ nwere ike jikọta na nsị iji mepụta ogige ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu ma kwalite nsị ha site na ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime imeju, glutathione na-ejikọta na ihe dị iche iche na-emerụ ahụ ma na-esi n'ahụ ahụ pụọ site na bile ma ọ bụ mmamịrị, na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ imeju site na mmebi nke nsị. Imeju bụ akụkụ bụ isi na-emebi ahụ mmadụ, ọrụ glutathione na ya dịkwa oke mkpa.

3. Mmetụta na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ

Glutathione nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na sel ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Na macrophages, mkpụrụ ndụ egbu egbu anụ ahụ, na mkpụrụ ndụ T, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ cell, metabolism, ntọhapụ cytokine kwesịrị ekwesị, ọrụ redox, na ọkwa radical free ^[2] . Mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịlụso ọrịa nje ọgụ na ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike nke ahụ. Glutathione na-eme ka ikike ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ dịkwuo elu site n'ịhazi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a.

Glutathione nwere ike ime ka ọrụ redox guzosie ike, gbanwee profaịlụ cytokine na nzaghachi ụdị Th1, ma kwalite ọrụ nke lymphocytes T, si otú a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa immunomodulatory na antioxidant ^[2] . Ụdị cytokines nke Th1 na-etinye aka na nzaghachi mgbochi cellular megide nje dị ka nje, nje bacteria, na cell tumor. Glutathione na-akwalite ikike nchebe nke ahụ site na ịhazi nguzozi nke cytokines.

4. Ọrụ na usoro ọmụmụ

Glutathione na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mkpụrụ ndụ germ nwoke na nwanyị nke mammals yana n'oge mmalite nke mmepe embrayo. N'ime nwoke na nwanyị gametes, GSH na-etinye aka n'ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a site na mmebi oxidative ^[3] . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge spermatogenesis, ntinye nke glutathione ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, na n'oge oocyte maturation, gonadotropins na-achịkwa njikọ nke glutathione, na ntinye ya na-agbanwekwa. Glutathione nwekwara njikọ na idowe ọdịdị ọdịdị nke spindle meiotic nke oocyte. Mgbe fatịlaịza gachara, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mma n'ịmepụta pronucleus nwoke na mmepe nke ẹmbrayo n'oge ruo na ọkwa blastocyst. Na mgbakwunye, mkpụrụ ndụ cumulus na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na njikọ nke glutathione.

Kedu ihe bụ ngwa Glutathione?

1. Ngwa na ọrịa imeju na-egbu egbu

Ọrịa imeju na-aba n'anya (ALD) bụ ọrịa siri ike nke nrụgide oxidative siri ike mara. Iji mmanya na-egbu oge eme ihe nwere ike ịkpalite nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt, na-emebi mkpụrụ ndụ imeju. Glutathione (GSH), tripeptide nke mejupụtara γ-glutamylcysteineylglycine nwere otu thiol, na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume redox na ọ bụ isi ihe na-eme ka radical free n'ime sel. N'ime imeju, mkpokọta GSH dị oke elu, mana na ndị ọrịa nwere ALD, ọkwa endogenous ya na-ebelata, na-eme ka ọnọdụ ahụ ka njọ.

Mgbakwunye nke imeju nke GSH egosila mmetụta dị mma na ndị ọrịa nwere ALD, na-enwe ike imeziwanye ọrụ imeju ma belata akara fibrosis ^[4]..

2. Ọrụ na-egbu oge ịka nká

N'ihe na-enweghị usoro, onye kpuru ìsì abụọ, ebe a na-achịkwa ebebo, ihe yiri ya, ọmụmụ aka atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere ahụike, akara melanin na ultraviolet na ihu na ogwe aka nke ndị na-ewere GSH ma ọ bụ GSSG na-adịkarị ala karịa ndị nọ na placebo. N'ebe ụfọdụ, wrinkles nke isiokwu ndị na-ewere GSH belatara nke ukwuu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere placebo otu, akpụkpọ ahụ nke GSH na GSSG gosipụtara ọchịchọ ịbawanye. Ọmụmụ ihe a na-egosi na glutathione nwere mmetụta dị mma na igbu oge ịka nká ^[5]..

2. Ngwa na ọrịa Parkinson

Ọrịa Parkinson (PD) bụ nsogbu akwara ozi. Nnyocha na-egosi na glutathione (GSH) nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ụfọdụ na PD. Site na nyocha nhazi nke otutu ọdụ data na meta-analysis, a chọpụtara na e nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III n'etiti GSH na otu njikwa, na e nwekwara nnukwu ọdịiche dị na glutathione peroxidase. Agbanyeghị, enweghị ọdịiche pụtara ìhè dị n'etiti otu abụọ ahụ na akara UPDRS I na UPDRS II yana mmetụta ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, nyocha nke obere otu gosiri na dose ahụ (300mg vs 600mg) bụ ihe na-emetụta UPDRS III. Nke a na-egosi na GSH nwere ike imeziwanye ọnụọgụ moto nke PD na-abawanye na-abawanye na omume ọjọọ ^[6].

3. Ngwa na ọrịa obi

Mgbochi nke ọrịa obi: N'ọrịa obi dị ka nkwụsị nke akwara obi, ọrịa obi na-arịa ọbara mgbali elu, na ọrịa strok, ọtụtụ ọrịa obi na-ebute ọnọdụ nke nrụgide oxidative n'oge mmepe ha, na-eduga ná njọ nke ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa, nke metụtara ọgbọ nke reactive oxygen ụdị (ROS) na reactive nitrogen ụdị (RNS). Mbelata glutathione (GSH), dị ka antioxidant dị mkpa, nwere ike isonye n'ịlụso oxidation nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ ọgụ. A na-emepụta GSH n'ime obi na imeju na ọ dị oke mkpa maka igbochi ma ọ bụ ibelata mmetụta ROS na-emerụ ahụ na ọrịa obi ^..

Na ọrịa obi: obere glycine na-ekesa ọkwa na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa obi (CVD). Nnyocha achọpụtala na ụkọ glycine na-eme ka mmepe nke atherosclerosis dịkwuo elu, ebe mgbakwunye glycine na-ebelata ya. DT-109 bụ ngwakọta nke dabeere na glycine nke nwere ihe abụọ na-ebelata lipid / glucose na-ebelata ma nwee mmetụta nchebe dị ukwuu megide atherosclerosis. Nnyocha e mere na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa obi obi, ụmụ oke atherosclerotic, na macrophages egosila na glycine nwere ọrụ pathogenic na atherosclerosis, na ọgwụgwọ glycine nwere ike ibelata atherosclerosis site na mmetụta antioxidant nke ịkpata glutathione biosynthesis ^[8]..

Isi mmalite: PubMed ^[8]

4. Ngwa na mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa anya

Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke cataracts: Na ophthalmology, a pụrụ iji glutathione mee ihe maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke cataracts. Nnyocha na-egosi na ihe omume cataracts nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmebi oxidative na oghere. Dị ka antioxidant, glutathione nwere ike ibelata mmetụta nke mmebi oxidative na mkpụrụ ndụ oghere ma nọgide na-arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke oghere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime ọmụmụ ihe, a na-eji ọgwụ anya nke nwere glutathione na-agwọ ndị ọrịa cataracts, a chọpụtakwara na ogo nke oghere oghere nke ndị ọrịa na-ebelata, ma na-eme ka ọhụụ ha dịkwuo mma ^[9]..

Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke retinopathy: Retinopathy bụ ọrịa anya nkịtị, na ihe omume ya metụtara ihe ndị dị ka nrụgide oxidative na nzaghachi mkpali. Glutathione nwere ike, site na mmetụta antioxidant ya, belata mmebi oxidative nke anụ ahụ retina, na-egbochi nzaghachi mkpali, wee si otú ahụ chebe mkpụrụ ndụ retinal. Na mgbakwunye, glutathione nwekwara ike ịkwalite ọrụ metabolic nke mkpụrụ ndụ retina ma kwalite ikike nrụzi onwe nke retina ^[9]..

5. Ngwa na otutu sclerosis

Na otutu sclerosis, mmebi nke neuronal metụtara nrụgide oxidative. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) bụ nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ ọnụ dị irè nke egosipụtara iji belata ọrụ ọrịa na ọganihu na ndị ọrịa nwere nlọghachi azụ-na-ahapụ multiple sclerosis. DMF nwere ike rụọ ọrụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-akpata erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), na-eduga n'ịba ụba na njikọ nke glutathione antioxidant isi (GSH), ma nwee mmetụta neuroprotective dị ịrịba ama na vitro. Nnyocha achọpụtala na DMF na-ebute glutathione reductase (GSR), na-amụba imegharị glutathione site n'ịkwalite GSR ^[10]..

6. Ngwa na ọrịa Alzheimer

Na ọrịa Alzheimer, a na-ewere amyloid β peptide (Aβ) dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na-ebute ọrịa Alzheimer (AD). Ferroptosis bụ usoro achọpụtara ọhụrụ nke ọnwụ mkpụrụ ndụ oxidative nke nwere nnukwu njikọ na AD. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) bara uru na iwepu mmụta na ebe nchekwa na AD na ụdị òké ochie. Nnyocha achọpụtala na TSG na-eguzogide ọnwụ neurotoxic nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara nke Aβ kpatara site n'ịchịkwa protein na enzymes metụtara ferroptosis na ụmụ oke APP / PS1, na-ebelata nrụgide oxidative cellular na mmebi mkpali, ma na-akwalite mmalite nke GSH / GPX4 / ROS na Keap1 / Nrf2 / ARE ụzọ akara. Na mgbakwunye, TSG na-ebelata ngosipụta nke nrịbama metụtara feroptosis ma kwalite ikike iguzogide nrụgide oxidative ^[11]..

7. Adjuvant ọgwụgwọ nke iku ume ọrịa

Ngwọta adjuvant nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala (COPD): Maka ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala, ikuku ikuku na nrụgide oxidative bụ ihe dị mkpa na-eduga n'ọganihu nke ọrịa ahụ. Glutathione nwere ike ibelata mbufụt nke ikuku ma melite ọrụ iku ume site na mmetụta antioxidant ya. Ọ nwere ike ịchụpụ radicals n'efu n'ụzọ ikuku, belata mmebi nke nrụgide oxidative na sel epithelial ikuku, wee si otú ahụ belata mbufụt nke ikuku. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, glutathione nwekwara ike ịhazi ọrụ mgbochi ma mee ka ahụ na-eguzogide ọrịa nje ^[12].

8. Ngwa na ọrịa nke agwaetiti

A na-enyocha glutathione reductase na glutathione peroxidase na ọbara nke ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa agwaetiti na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga. Nnyocha na-egosi na na ọrịa a, enweghị ahaghị nhata nke oxidants na antioxidants nwere ike jikọta ya na ọnọdụ ahụ, na usoro a kapịrị ọnụ ka ga-amụbawanye ^[13]..

Mkpebi

Dị ka ihe mejupụtara tripeptide nke mejupụtara glutamic acid, cysteine, na glycine, glutathione na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ, dị ka antioxidation, detoxification, ụkpụrụ mgbochi, na mmetụta na usoro ọmụmụ. Ebe ọ bụ na achọpụtara ya, site na nyocha miri emi, uru ntinye ya na ngalaba ahụike na-anọgide na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè, na-egosi mmetụta dị mma na ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ mgbochi nke ọrịa dị iche iche dị ka ọrịa imeju na-egbu egbu, ọrịa Parkinson, ọrịa obi, na ọrịa anya. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro ntinye n'akụkụ ụfọdụ na nkọwa nke ọrụ ya na ọrịa ụfọdụ ka ka a ga-enyochakwu, glutathione dị oke mkpa n'ịkwado ahụike nke ahụ na igbochi na ịgwọ ọrịa.

Banyere Onye dere ya

Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.

Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị

Rom O bụ onye nyocha rụzuru nke ọma jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ama ama, gụnyere Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center na Shreveport, Louisiana State University System, University of Pittsburgh, na Mahadum Michigan. Ejikọtala ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ama ama dịka Lsuhs Shreveport na Michigan Med, na-egosipụta itinye aka ya na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ na ahụike.

Mmasị nchọcha Rom O gbasara n'ụdị isiokwu dị iche iche. Ọkachamara ya dabere na ngalaba nke Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, na Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Site n'ọrụ lekwasịrị anya n'akụkụ ọmụmụ ihe ndị a dị mgbagwoju anya, o nyela aka n'ọganihu nke ihe ọmụma na nghọta na ngalaba ndị a dị oke egwu nke sayensị ahụike. edepụtara na ntụaka nke ntụaka [9].

▎ Okwu ndị dị mkpa

[1] Reddy V N. Glutathione na ọrụ ya na lens-nleba anya.[J]. Nnyocha anya nnwale, 1990,50 (6):771-778.DOI:10.1016/0014-4835(90)90127-G.

[2] Abnousian A, Vasquez J, Sasaninia K, et al. Glutathione na-agbanwe mgbanwe dị mma na nzaghachi mgbochi megide ụkwara nta[J]. Biomedicines, 2023,11 (5).DOI:10.3390/biomedicines11051340.

[3] Ogunfolaju E. Glutathione[M]. 2020.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344526535_Glutathione.

[4] Ck D A. Glutathione intravenous: Usoro ọgwụgwọ na-ekwe nkwa maka ọrịa imeju na-egbu egbu [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị sayensị na nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ, 2024.

[5] Weschawalit S, Thongthip S, Phutrakool P, et al. Glutathione na mgbochi ịka nká na mmetụta antiimelanogenic [J]. Clinical ịchọ mma na nyocha gbasara akpụkpọ ahụ, 2017,10:147-153.DOI:10.2147/CCID.S128339.

[6] Wang H, Zhang J, Li Y, et al. Enwere ike iji glutathione dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa Parkinson[J]. Ọgwụ nnwale na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ, 2021,21 (2): 125.DOI:10.3892/etm.2020.9557.

[7] Matuz-Mares D, Riveros-Rosas H, Vilchis-Landeros MM, et al. Ntinye aka Glutathione na Mgbochi Ọrịa Ọrịa Obi [J]. Antioxidants, 2021,10 (8).DOI:10.3390/antiox10081220.

[8] Rom O, Liu Y, Finney AC, et al. Ntinye nke glutathione biosynthesis site na ọgwụgwọ dabere na glycine na-ebelata atherosclerosis[J]. Biology Redox, 2022,52:102313.DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2022.102313.

[9] Ganeshpurkar A, Bhadoriya SS, Pardhi P, et al. In vitro mgbochi nke cataract nke Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus florida wepụ na oghere anya ewu dịpụrụ adịpụ[J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ India nke Pharmacology, 2011,43 (6): 667-670.DOI: 10.4103 / 0253-7613.89823.

[10] Hoffmann C, Dietrich M, Herrmann A, et al. Dimethyl Fumarate Na-ebute Glutathione Recycling site na nkwalite nke Glutathione Reductase[J]. Ọgwụ Oxidative na Ogologo Ogologo Cellular, 2017,2017.DOI:10.1155/2017/6093903.

[11] Gao Y, Li J, Wu Q, et al. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside na-akwalite ọrịa Alzheimer na ụmụ oke APP/PS1 site na glutathione peroxidase metụtara ferroptosis [J]. Immunopharmacology mba ụwa, 2021,99:108002.DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108002.

[12] Dewan B, Shinde S. Glutathione ọgwụgwọ Adjuvant dị irè maka ọrịa ọnya iku ume na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa COVID-19 [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Ọganihu na nyocha ọgwụ na ahụike, 2022.DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jrms.jrms_777_20.

[13] Khaki L, Vaezi G, Ayatollahi A, et al. Nyocha nke Glutathione Reductase na Glutathione Peroxidase na Serum nke ndị ọrịa Iran nwere Alopecia Areata: Ọmụmụ ihe nchịkwa [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Iran nke Allergy Asthma na Immunology, 2020,19(6):676-678.DOI:10.18502/ijaai.v19i6.4937.

Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.  

Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.