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Research bwa Glutathione Ubushakashatsi
Ni ubuhe bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Glutathione?
Kuvumbura no kugena imiterere ya glutathione: Mu 1888, glutathione yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu musemburo. Mu 1921, abahanga bakomeje kumenya imiterere y’imiti. Ni tripeptide ikorwa na kanseri ya glutamike, sisitemu, na glycine ikoresheje imigozi ya peptide.
Kumenya uruhare runini rwibinyabuzima: Kuva mu 1930, abantu bamenye buhoro buhoro ko glutathione ifite imirimo itandukanye yibinyabuzima. Ifite uruhare muri redox reaction muri selile, igira uruhare runini mukubungabunga umutekano wibidukikije byimitsi no kurinda selile kwangirika kwa okiside. Muri icyo gihe, igira kandi uruhare runini mubikorwa bya physiologique nko gutwara aside amine no kugenzura ibikorwa bya enzyme. Ubu buvumbuzi bwashyizeho urufatiro rwo gukoresha glutathione mubuvuzi.
Ubushakashatsi ku nkomoko iterwa no gusaba ubuvuzi busaba: Hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku mikorere ya physiologique ya glutathione, agaciro kayo gashobora gukoreshwa mubuvuzi kamaze kugaragara. Ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye, nk'indwara z'umwijima n'indwara z'amaso, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa nka antioxydeant. Kugira ngo glutathione ikenewe cyane mu mavuriro, abashakashatsi batangiye kwitangira gushakisha amasoko meza kandi ahamye ya glutathione, yateje imbere ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku nkomoko yayo.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora bwa Glutathione?
1. Ingaruka ya Antioxydeant
Glutathione (GSH) ni antioxydeant igira uruhare muri sisitemu yo kwirinda antioxydeant muri selile. Irashobora kwitwara neza nubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora (ROS) nka hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ikabigabanya kubintu bitagira ingaruka (Reddy V N. 1990; Sinha R, 2018). Kurugero, binyuze muri glutathione redox cycle, glutathione ifata H₂O₂ ikayihindura mumazi, bityo ikarinda selile kwangirika kwa okiside. Muri ubu buryo, glutathione ihindurwamo okiside glutathione (GSSG), ariko kugabanuka kwa glutathione mu kagari birashobora kugabanya GSSG gusubira muri GSH, bikagumana ubushobozi bwa antioxydeant ya selile.
Glutathione irashobora kandi kurinda amatsinda -SH kuri selile ya selile, igira uruhare runini mugutwara cation no gutembera neza. Mugukomeza kugabanuka kwa membrane -SH matsinda, glutathione ifasha kugumya gutuza no gukora bisanzwe mumikorere ya selile [1].
2. Ingaruka zo kwangiza
Glutathione igira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo kwangiza. Irashobora guhuza uburozi kugirango ikore ibintu bitarimo uburozi cyangwa uburozi buke kandi biteze gusohoka mu mubiri. Kurugero, mu mwijima, glutathione ihuza ibintu bitandukanye byangiza kandi isohoka mu mubiri binyuze mu mara cyangwa inkari, ikarinda selile umwijima kwangiza uburozi. Umwijima ningingo nyamukuru yangiza umubiri wumuntu, kandi uruhare rwa glutathione muri rwo ni ingenzi.
3. Ingaruka kuri sisitemu yumubiri
Glutathione ifite imirimo yingenzi mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Muri macrophage, selile yica naturel, na selile T, kurugero, irashobora kugenga imikorere ya selile, metabolism, kurekura cytokine ikwiye, ibikorwa bya redox, hamwe nurwego rukabije rwa radical [2] . Ingirabuzimafatizo zigira uruhare runini mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi no kubungabunga ubuzima bw'umubiri. Glutathione yongerera umubiri ubushobozi bwo kwirinda indwara igenga imikorere y'utugingo ngengabuzima.
Glutathione irashobora guhagarika ibikorwa bya redox, guhindura umwirondoro wa cytokine werekeza kubisubizo byubwoko bwa Th1, no kongera imikorere ya lymphocytes T, bityo bikagira uruhare runini rwikingira na antioxydeant [2] . Th1 yo mu bwoko bwa cytokine igira uruhare runini mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi nka virusi, bagiteri, na selile. Glutathione yongerera umubiri ubushobozi bwo kwirinda indwara igenga uburinganire bwa cytokine.
4. Uruhare muri sisitemu yimyororokere
Glutathione igira uruhare runini mu tugingo ngengabuzima tw’igitsina gabo n’umugore ndetse no mu ntangiriro yo gukura kwa emboro. Mu mikino y'abagabo n'abagore, GSH igira uruhare mu kurinda utugingo ngengabuzima kwangiza [3] . Kurugero, mugihe cya spermatogenezi, kwibumbira hamwe kwa glutathione bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi mugihe cyo gukura kwa oocyte, synthesis ya glutathione igengwa na gonadotropine, kandi kwibanda kwayo nabyo birahinduka. Glutathione nayo ifitanye isano no kubungabunga morphologie ya meiotic spindle ya oocyte. Nyuma yo gusama, igira uruhare runini mu mikorere ya pronucleus yumugabo no gukura kwa urusoro rwo hambere kugeza kuri bastocyst. Mubyongeyeho, selile cumulus nayo igira uruhare runini muguhuza glutathione.
Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa na Glutathione?
1. Gushyira mu bikorwa indwara zumwijima
Indwara y'umwijima w'inzoga (ALD) n'indwara ikomeye irangwa no guhangayika cyane. Kunywa inzoga zidakira birashobora gutera okiside no gutwika, byangiza ingirabuzimafatizo. Glutathione (GSH), tripeptide igizwe na γ-glutamylcysteineylglycine irimo itsinda rya thiol, igira uruhare mu myitwarire ya redox kandi ni yo shusho nyamukuru yubusa mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Mu mwijima, ubukana bwa GSH buri hejuru cyane, ariko kubarwayi barwaye ALD, urwego rwa endogenous rugabanuka, bikabije.
Kwiyongera kwa GSH kwerekanye ingaruka nziza kubarwayi barwaye ALD, babasha kunoza imikorere yumwijima no kugabanya ibimenyetso bya fibrosis [4].
2. Uruhare mugutinda gusaza
Mu buryo butemewe, buhumye-buhumyi, bugenzurwa na placebo, bubangikanye, ubushakashatsi bwamaboko atatu yubuzima bwiza bwigitsina gore, indangagaciro ya melanin hamwe nuduce twa ultraviolet mumaso no mumaboko yibintu bifata GSH cyangwa GSSG akenshi byari munsi ugereranije nibyitsinda rya placebo. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, iminkanyari yibintu bifata GSH yagabanutse cyane, kandi ugereranije nitsinda rya placebo, ubworoherane bwuruhu rwamatsinda ya GSH na GSSG bwerekanaga ko bwiyongera. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko glutathione igira ingaruka nziza mugutinda gusaza kwuruhu [5].
2. Gushyira mu bikorwa indwara ya Parkinson
Indwara ya Parkinson (PD) ni indwara yo mu mutwe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko glutathione (GSH) ishobora kugira ingaruka zo kuvura kuri PD. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi butunganijwe bwububiko bwinshi hamwe na meta-isesengura, byagaragaye ko hari itandukaniro rinini ry’imibare muri Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III hagati ya GSH nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, kandi hari itandukaniro rikomeye muri glutathione peroxidase. Ariko, nta tandukanyirizo rishingiye ku mibare ryari hagati yaya matsinda yombi mu manota ya UPDRS I na UPDRS II n'ingaruka mbi. Byongeye kandi, isesengura ryitsinda ryerekanye ko igipimo (300mg vs 600mg) cyari ikintu cyagize ingaruka kuri UPDRS III. Ibi byerekana ko GSH ishobora kuzamura gato amanota ya moteri ya PD itiriwe yongeraho ibintu bibi [6].
3. Gukoresha indwara zifata umutima
Kwirinda indwara z'umutima-damura: Mu ndwara z'umutima-dameri nko guhagarika imiyoboro y'amaraso, indwara z'umutima ukabije, hamwe na stroke, indwara nyinshi z'umutima-dameri zitera imiterere ya okiside mu gihe cyo gukura kwabo, bigatuma imiterere mibi y'abarwayi, ifitanye isano no kubyara amoko ya ogisijeni ikora (ROS) hamwe n'ubwoko bwa azote (RNS). Kugabanya glutathione (GSH), nka antioxydeant ikomeye, irashobora kugira uruhare mukurwanya okiside yibintu bikora. GSH ikomatanyirizwa mu mutima no mu mwijima kandi ifite akamaro kanini mu gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka mbi za ROS mu ndwara zifata umutima ..
Mu ndwara zifata umutima: Urwego rwo hasi rwa glycine rufitanye isano n'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi (CVD). Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kubura glycine byongera iterambere rya aterosklerose, mu gihe inyongera ya glycine igabanya intege nke. DT-109 ni urugingo rushingiye kuri glycine rufite ibintu bibiri bigabanya lipide-igabanya / glucose-igabanya kandi bifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kurinda indwara ya ateriyose. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku barwayi barwaye indwara z'umutima, imbeba za atherosklerotike, na macrophage zerekanye ko glycine igira uruhare mu gutera indwara ya aterosklerose, kandi ubuvuzi bushingiye kuri glycine bushobora kugabanya aterosklerozose binyuze mu ngaruka ya antioxydeant itera glutathione biosynthesis [8].
Inkomoko: Byatangajwe [8]
4. Gushyira mugikorwa cyo gukumira no kuvura indwara zamaso
Kwirinda no kuvura cataracte: Muri ophaltologie, glutathione irashobora gukoreshwa mugukumira no kuvura cataracte. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kuba cataracte ifitanye isano rya bugufi no kwangiza okiside mu lens. Nka antioxydants, glutathione irashobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na okiside kuri selile kandi ikagumana imikorere isanzwe yinzira. Kurugero, mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, ibitonyanga byamaso birimo glutathione byakoreshejwe mu kuvura abarwayi ba cataracte, kandi byagaragaye ko urugero rwa lens opacite y’abarwayi rwaragabanutse, kandi icyerekezo cyabo kikaba cyarazamutse ku rugero runaka [9].
Kwirinda no kuvura retinopathie: Retinopathie ni indwara isanzwe y'amaso, kandi kuyibaho bifitanye isano nibintu nka stress ya okiside hamwe nigisubizo cyo gutwika. Glutathione irashobora, binyuze mu ngaruka zayo za antioxydeant, kugabanya kwangirika kwa okiside kwingirangingo zumwijima, bikabuza kwifata, bityo bikarinda ingirabuzimafatizo. Byongeye kandi, glutathione irashobora kandi guteza imbere imikorere ya metabolike yingirabuzimafatizo no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwikosora bwa retina [9].
5. Gushyira muri sclerose nyinshi
Muri sclerose nyinshi, kwangirika kwa neuronal bifitanye isano na stress ya okiside. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) nuburyo bwiza bwo kuvura umunwa byagaragaye ko bigabanya ibikorwa byindwara niterambere kubarwayi bafite sclerose nyinshi. DMF irashobora gukora ibintu byandikirwa ibintu bya kirimbuzi erythroide 2 ifitanye isano na 2 (NRF2), biganisha ku kwiyongera kwa synthesis ya selile antioxydeant glutathione (GSH), kandi ifite ingaruka zikomeye za neuroprotective muri vitro. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko DMF itera glutathione reductase (GSR), ikongera glutathione ikoreshwa na GSR [10].
6. Gushyira mu bikorwa indwara ya Alzheimer
Mu ndwara ya Alzheimer, amyloide β peptide (Aβ) ifatwa nk'imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zitera indwara ya Alzheimer (AD). Ferroptose nuburyo bushya bwamenyekanye bwurupfu rwa okiside ifitanye isano na AD. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) ni ingirakamaro mu kugabanya imyigire no kwibuka muri AD hamwe na moderi yimbeba ishaje. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko TSG irwanya urupfu rwa neurotoxic ya selile nervice yatewe na Aβ muguhindura poroteyine na ferime ziterwa na ferroptose mu mbeba za APP / PS1, bikagabanya imihangayiko ya okiside ya selile no kwangirika kw’umuriro, kandi bigateza imbere imikorere ya GSH / GPX4 / ROS na Keap1 / Nrf2 / ARE byerekana inzira. Byongeye kandi, TSG igabanya kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bifitanye isano na ferroptose kandi ikongerera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imbaraga za okiside [11].
7. Kuvura indwara zubuhumekero
Kuvura indwara zidakira zifata indwara zidakira (COPD): Ku barwayi bafite indwara zidakira zifata ibihaha, gutwika umwuka no guhagarika umutima ni ibintu by'ingenzi biganisha ku iterambere. Glutathione irashobora kugabanya umuriro uhumeka no kunoza imikorere yubuhumekero binyuze muri antioxydeant. Irashobora gusibanganya radicals yubusa mumuyaga, kugabanya kwangirika kwingutu ya okiside itera selile epithelial selile, bityo bikagabanya uburibwe bwumwuka. Byongeye kandi, glutathione irashobora kandi kugenga imikorere yubudahangarwa no kongera umubiri kurwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi ..
8. Gukoresha indwara zirwa
Redutase ya glutathione na glutathione peroxidase yasuzumwe muri serumu yabarwayi bafite indwara zirwa hamwe nabarwayi ba diyabete. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko muri iyi ndwara, ubusumbane bw’imibare ya okiside na antioxydants bushobora kuba bujyanye n’imiterere, kandi uburyo bwihariye bugikomeza kwigwa [13].
Umwanzuro
Nka compound tripeptide igizwe na acide glutamic, cysteine, na glycine, glutathione igira uruhare runini mubinyabuzima bizima, nka antioxyde, kwangiza, kugenzura ubudahangarwa, no kugira ingaruka kumyororokere. Kuva yavumburwa, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, agaciro kayo gakoreshwa mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi karakomeje kugaragara, kigaragaza ingaruka nziza mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira indwara zitandukanye nk’umwijima w’umwijima w’inzoga, indwara ya Parkinson, indwara zifata umutima n’indwara z’amaso. Nubwo uburyo bwo gukoresha muburyo bumwe hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye byuruhare rwindwara zimwe na zimwe bikomeje gushakishwa, glutathione ifite akamaro kanini mukubungabunga ubuzima bwumubiri no gukumira no kuvura indwara.
Ibyerekeye Umwanditsi
Ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru byose byakorewe ubushakashatsi, byahinduwe kandi byakozwe na Cocer Peptides.
Umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru
Rom O ni umushakashatsi w'umuhanga ukorana n’ibigo byinshi bizwi, birimo ikigo cy’ubumenyi cy’ubuzima cya kaminuza ya Leta ya Louisiana i Shreveport, Sisitemu ya kaminuza ya Leta ya Louisiana, Kaminuza ya Pittsburgh, na kaminuza ya Michigan. Ibikorwa bye byahujwe n’ibigo bizwi nka Lsuhs Shreveport na Michigan Med, byerekana uruhare yagize mu masomo akomeye y’ubuvuzi n’ubuvuzi.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Rom O bushingiye kumurongo mugari wibyiciro. Ubuhanga bwe buri mubice bya Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, na Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Hamwe n'umwuga wibanze kuri izi nzego zigoye zo kwiga, yagize uruhare mu guteza imbere ubumenyi no gusobanukirwa muri aya mashami akomeye ya siyanse yubuvuzi.yashyizwe ku rutonde rwavuzwe [9].
