By Cocer Peptides 
1 ọnwa gara aga
Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.
Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.
Nkọwa nke Cerebrolysin
Cerebrolysin nwere mmetụta neuroprotective na neurotrophic. Kemgbe achọpụtara ya, ọ na-enweta nlebara anya dị ukwuu na ngalaba ọgwụgwọ ọrịa akwara ozi. Na 1949, ọkà mmụta sayensị Austrian Gerhart Harrer nke Mahadum Innsbruck kọrọ na Cerebrolysin, mmiri mmiri sitere na protein nke a na-emepụta site na enzymatic hydrolysis nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ, nwere ike ịkpali mkpụrụ ndụ akwara. Ọ bụ ngwakọta mmiri mmiri nke sitere na protein nwere 85% amino asịd n'efu na 15% bioactive low-molecular arọ amino acid usoro, nke gụnyere neuropeptides dị arọ nke ụbụrụ dị ka ụbụrụ na-enweta neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), akwara uto na-akpata (NGF), na ihe na-akpata neuroh.
Mechanism nke Action nke Cerebrolysin
Na-eṅomi Ọrụ nke Neurotrophic Factors: Ụbụrụ neuropeptides na-arụ ọrụ na Cerebrolysin nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ihe mgbochi ụbụrụ ọbara ma na-eṅomi ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe. Ihe Neurotrophic dị mkpa maka nlanarị neuronal, uto, ọdịiche, na plasticity synapti. Ihe na-akpata neurotrophic nke ụbụrụ (BDNF) na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ọrụ neuronal nkịtị na ịkwalite mmeghari akwara. Ihe ndị yiri ya na Cerebrolysin nwere ike jikọta ya na ndị na-anabata ya n'elu neuronal, na-eme ka ụzọ mgbama dị n'okpuru ala dị ka PI3K-Akt na MAPK ụzọ akara, si otú ahụ na-akwalite nlanarị na uto neuronal ma na-ebelata apoptosis neuronal.
Iwu nke sistemụ akwara ozi: Ọ nwere ike itinye mmetụta nchịkwa na sistemụ neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mgbasa ozi n'etiti neurons, na enweghị ahaghị nhata na-ejikọta ya na nsogbu akwara ozi dị iche iche. Cerebrolysin nwere ike idowe nguzozi nke sistemụ akwara ozi site na ịhazi ntọhapụ na metabolism nke neurotransmitters dị ka glutamate na gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). N'oge mmerụ ahụ ischemia cerebral, ntọhapụ glutamate dị ukwuu nwere ike iduga excitotoxicity, na-emebi akwara. Cerebrolysin nwere ike ibelata mmebi neuronal nke excitotoxicity kpatara site na ịhazi ndị na-ebu glutamate na ibelata mkpokọta glutamate extracellular.
Mmetụta nrụgide Antioxidant: Ọrịa akwara na-esochikarị mmeghachi omume nrụrụ oxidative, ebe ụdị oxygen na-emebiga ihe ókè (ROS) na-emebi membranes cell neuronal, protein na DNA. Cerebrolysin nwere ikike nrụgide antioxidant, na-ebelata ọkwa ROS intracellular ma na-ebelata mmebi oxidative. N'ime ụdị in vitro hypoxia na-ebute neuronal cytotoxicity, Cerebrolysin nwere ike ibelata ọkwa superoxide, nọgide na-arụ ọrụ metabolic cell, ma belata apoptosis. Usoro ya akọwapụtara nwere ike jikọta ya na ịgbalite sistemu enzyme antioxidant intracellular, dị ka superoxide dismutase (SOD) na glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nke nwere ike ịbọ ọbọ ROS ma chebe neurons pụọ na mmebi oxidative.
Mgbochi nke nzaghachi mkpali: Nzaghachi na-egbuke egbuke na-ekerekwa òkè dị ukwuu na mmepe nke ọrịa akwara ozi. Cerebrolysin nwere ike ibelata nzaghachi mkpali site na igbochi ntọhapụ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ịchịkwa ụzọ mgbaàmà mkpali. N'ime ụdị mmerụ ahụ nke ischemia-reperfusion nke ụbụrụ, Cerebrolysin nwere ike belata nkwupụta nke cytokines pro-inflammatory dị ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) na interleukin-1β (IL-1β), ebe ọ na-abawanye ọkwa nke cytokines mgbochi mkpali dị ka interleukin-10 (IL-10), si otú ahụ na-emebi ihe na-emerụ ahụ na-emerụ ahụ.
Ịkwalite plasticity neural: Neural plasticity na-ezo aka na usoro ụjọ ahụ nwere ike imezi onwe ya na ịhazigharị mgbe mmerụ ahụ gasịrị. Cerebrolysin na-eme ka plasticity neural dịkwuo elu site n'ịkwalite nrụpụta axonal, nhazi ọkpụkpụ dendritic, na nrụgharị synapti. Ọ nwere ike nweta nke a site n'ịgbalite ụzọ mgbaàmà dị mkpa, dị ka ụzọ mgbaàmà RhoA/ROCK, iji dozie mgbanwe na cytoskeleton, si otú ahụ na-akwalite uto na mgbatị axonal. Cerebrolysin nwekwara ike ịbawanye okwu nke protein ndị metụtara synapse, dị ka synapsin, iji kwalite nhazi synapse na mgbake na-arụ ọrụ, na-enye ntọala ntọala maka mweghachi nke ọrụ akwara.
Mmetụta nke Cerebrolysin
Mmetụta na nnukwu ọrịa strok ischemic: Na ọgwụgwọ nke nnukwu ọrịa strok, Cerebrolysin egosila ụfọdụ mmetụta dị mma. Ọ bụ ezie na nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ n'oge, bụ nke debanyere aha ndị ọrịa nwere obere ọrịa strok, gosipụtara mmetụta n'ala ma ọ bụ n'uko ma ghara igosi n'ụzọ doro anya ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama n'etiti otu ọgwụgwọ, nyocha nke subgroup nke ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa strok ka njọ gosipụtara mmetụta dị mma ya na ịkwalite mgbake. Ịdị irè nke Cerebrolysin na-abawanye na oke ọrịa strok. Ụfọdụ nnyocha ndị a na-achịkwa egosiwo na Cerebrolysin nwere ike ijikọta ya na ọgwụgwọ thrombolytic n'enweghị nsogbu, na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa strok na-agafeghị oke, ọ na-egosi nrụpụta ọ bụghị naanị na neuroprotection kamakwa na ikike nke mgbake neuro. N'iji ya tụnyere neuro-rehabilitation naanị, nchikota nke Cerebrolysin na neuro-rehabilitation na-emepụta mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mgbake ọrụ.
Mmetụta na hemorrhage subarachnoid: Hemorrhage Subarachnoid (SAH) bụ nnukwu ọnọdụ akwara ozi nwere nnukwu ọnwụ na oke mgbake. Dị ka ọgwụ eji agwọ ọrịa strok, gụnyere SAH, mmetụta Cerebrolysin na ndị ọrịa SAH adọtawo uche. Nyochaa usoro na meta-analysis nke Cerebrolysin na-eji ndị ọrịa SAH eme ihe gosiri na data ahụ na-egosi na Cerebrolysin nwere mmetụta dị mma na ọnwụ na ndị ọrịa SAH.
Mmetụta na nwa ọhụrụ hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): HIE bụ arụrụ ọrụ ụbụrụ nke asphyxia perinatal kpatara, na usoro pathophysiological ya amabeghị nke ọma. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ọkọlọtọ ugbu a bụ ọgwụgwọ hypothermia, mana arụmọrụ ya nwere oke. Cerebrolysin, dị ka ọgwụgwọ neuroprotective, na-egosi ikike na njikwa nke HIE. Cerebrolysin nwere windo ọgwụgwọ ihe ruru ọnwa isii ka mmerụ ahụ gasịrị. Inye 0.1 ml/kg arọ nke Cerebrolysin ugboro abụọ kwa izu nwere ike melite oke moto na arụ ọrụ asụsụ n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ, na-enwe mmetụta dị mma na nsonaazụ zuru ezu.
Ọrụ nwere ike ime na mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ: mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ ụbụrụ (TBI) bụ mmerụ ahụ akwara ozi na-akpata mmebi akwara na ọnwụ, na-eduga n'ọtụtụ arụ ọrụ akwara ozi. Dabere na akụrụngwa neuroprotective na neurotrophic nke Cerebrolysin, ọ na-ejidekwa uru ngwa nwere ike na ọgwụgwọ TBI. Nnyocha nnwale anụmanụ egosila na iji Cerebrolysin nwere ike belata apoptosis neuronal mgbe TBI gasịrị ma kwalite mgbake nke ọrụ akwara ozi. Usoro ya nwere ike jikọta ya na ọtụtụ usoro, gụnyere iṅomi ọrụ ihe na-akpata neurotrophic, na-achịkwa usoro neurotransmitter, nrụgide antioxidant, na igbochi nzaghachi mkpali. Site na usoro ndị a, ọ na-ebelata mmebi nke abụọ mgbe TBI gachara ma na-akwalite nrụzi akwara na mmụgharị.
Mmetụta nwere ike ime na mgbaka: Dementia bụ ọrịa neurodegenerative nke a na-eji nhụsianya na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, ya na pathogenesis gụnyere mmebi neuronal na ọnwụ, nkwụsị nke neurotransmitter, nzaghachi mkpali, na nrụgide oxidative. Ọtụtụ usoro omume nke Cerebrolysin na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa mgbaka. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite ndụ neuronal na uto site na iṅomi ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-akpata neurotrophic, si otú ahụ na-echebe akwara ndị mebiri emebi. Site n'ịhazi usoro neurotransmitter, ọ na-eme ka ahaghị nhata nke neurotransmitter dịkwuo mma, dị ka mmụba acetylcholine ntọhapụ, si otú ahụ na-akwalite ọrụ ọgụgụ isi. Mmetụta antioxidant ya na mgbochi mkpali na-enyekwa aka ibelata neuroinflammation na mmebi oxidative na ụbụrụ nke ndị ọrịa dementia, si otú ahụ na-ebelata ọganihu ọrịa.
Mmechi
Dị ka ọgwụ nwere neuroprotective na neurotrophic Njirimara, Cerebrolysin egosipụtawo ike ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa akwara ozi.
Ntụaka
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[3] Fiani B, Chacon D, Jarrah R, et al. Usoro neuroprotective nke cerebrolysin maka ọgwụgwọ ụmụ ọhụrụ nwere hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy [J]. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2021,121(6):1401-1406.DOI:10.1007/s13760-021-01795-y.
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