|
1kits (10Vials) .
| Agbɔsɔsɔ: | |
|---|---|
▎ Oxytocin ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo
Dzɔtsoƒe: PubChem |
Nusiwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo: CYIQNCPLG Molekyulãwo ƒe Mɔfiame: C 43H 66N 12O 12S2 Molekyulãwo ƒe Kpekpeme: 1007.2 g/mol CAS ƒe Xexlẽdzesi: 50-56-6 PubChem ƒe CID: 439302 Nya siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo: Endopituitrina |
▎ Oxytocin Ŋuti Numekuku
Nukae nye numekuku si wowɔ tso Oxytocin ŋu?
Nusiwo Wokpɔ Gbãtɔ Le Nudzɔdzɔ Siwo Do Ƒome Kple Vidzidzi Ŋu:
Tso blema ke la, amewo de dzesii be nyɔnuwo ƒe vidzidɔ nɔa ƒoƒom edziedzi le vidzidzi me, eye ʋuʋu sia le vevie ŋutɔ na fugboea ƒe vidzidzi. Gake ɣemaɣi la, womenya nusi nye domenɔla na ʋu ƒe sisi sia o. Esi atikewɔwɔ va le ŋgɔ yim la, vivivi la, amewo te ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ siwo ku ɖe vidzidzi kple vidzidzi ŋu me dzodzro, si ɖo gɔmeɖoanyi na oxytocin si ŋu woke ɖo emegbe.
Lãwo Dodokpɔwo Kple Nusiwo Ŋu Woke Ðe Gbãtɔ:
Le ƒe 1906 me la, Britaintɔ ŋutilãŋutinunyala Henry Hallett Dale, esime wònɔ nu srɔ̃m tso lãwo ƒe vidzidzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu la, ekpɔe be pituitary me tsiwo ate ŋu ana vidzidɔa ƒe lãmeka siwo le gbadzaa la natsi. Nusi ŋu woke ɖo sia na wodze numekuku deto aɖe gɔme le ƒomedodo si le lãkusi kple vidzidzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dome ŋu. Emegbe to dodokpɔ gbogbo aɖewo me la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo gakpɔe be nu aɖe le lãkusia me si ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi doa vidzidɔa ƒe tete kple notsi dodo ɖe ŋgɔ tso no me lãkusiwo me.
Amewo Ðeɖe Ðe Ðokui Si Kple Ŋkɔwo Nana:
Le ƒe 1953 me la, Vincent du Vigneaud ɖe oxytocin ɖe vovo tso nyiwo ƒe megbeƒu ƒe lãkusi me dzidzedzetɔe eye wòkpɔ eƒe atike ƒe wɔwɔme, si nye polypeptide si me amino acid 9 le. Wona Nobel ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya ƒe Nunanae le ƒe 1955 me ɖe eƒe akpa vevi siwo wòwɔ le nugbagbeŋutinunya me, vevietɔ nusiwo wòwɔ le peptide lãmetsiwo ŋuti numekuku me ta. Tso ɣemaɣi la, wokpɔe dze sii be oxytocin nye atike si ŋu kakaɖedzi le, eye wokpɔe hã kɔte be eƒe dzɔtsoƒee nye megbeƒu ƒe lãkusi.
Numekuku le Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe Dzeside:
Esi woto molecule biology mɔnuwo vɛ la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo gasrɔ̃ nu tso oxytocin ƒe dzɔtsoƒe ƒe mɔnu ŋu tsitotsito. Wokpɔe be ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo le paraventricular nucleus kple supraoptic nucleus si le hypothalamus me ye wɔa oxytocin. Ahɔhɔ̃meka siawo wɔa oxytocin ƒe ŋgɔdonya to domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ kple gbegɔmeɖeɖe ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo me, eye emegbe le dɔwɔwɔ kple tɔtrɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome megbe la, oxytocin si wɔa dɔ le nugbagbewo me la va dzɔna mlɔeba. Le ewɔwɔ vɔ megbe la, wotsɔa oxytocin toa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe axonwo dzi yia neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary lobe) me be woadzrae ɖo. Ne ŋutilãa hiãe la, woaɖe asi le eŋu ayi ʋukawo me be wòawɔ eƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ.
Nukae nye Oxytocin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?
1. Mɔnu si Wowɔna Ðe Vidzidzi Kple Vidzidɔ ƒe Tete Ŋu
Xɔla ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ:
Oxytocin xɔla (OTR) le rhodopsin ƒomevi (Klass 1) ƒe ƒome gã si nye G protein-coupled receptors me [1] . Le fufɔfɔ kple vidzidzi me la, tɔtrɔ siwo ava le receptor expression, desensitization, kple oxytocin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le teƒea me ana eƒe dɔwɔwɔ naɖɔ ɖo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le vidzidzi me la, oxytocin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãme na ame ƒe dzidziɖedzi ana oxytocin xɔlawo ƒe ɖeɖefia nadzi ɖe edzi, si ana be myometrium nase veve ɖe oxytocin nu.
Calcium Ion ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ:
Le receptor ƒe dɔwɔwɔ megbe la, woadze dzesi nudzɔdzɔ vovovowo gɔme be woaʋã vidzidɔa ƒe tete, vevietɔ to lãmenugbagbeviwo me calcium ion (Ca⊃2;+) ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me [1] . Esia lɔ inositol-tris-phosphate-tome calcium ƒe nudzraɖoƒe ƒe dodo, Ca⊃2;+ ƒe gege ɖe nudzraɖoƒe si wowɔna, kple Ca⊃2;+ ƒe gege ɖe eme si wotsɔa elektrikŋusẽ wɔe ɖe eme. Tɔtrɔ siawo siwo ava calcium ions me ana myometrial cells natsi, si ana fugboea ƒe vidzidzi nanɔ bɔbɔe.
2. Mɔnu si dzi woato awɔ dɔ le Hadomegbenɔnɔ ƒe Nuwɔnawo Ŋu
Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ:
Hypothalamus koŋue wɔa oxytocin eye wòwɔa akpa vevi aɖe le lã siwo naa no wo viwo ƒe hadomenuwɔnawo me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dzilawo ƒe nuwɔna, hadomekadodowo wɔwɔ, kple nuteƒekpɔkpɔwo dzi kpɔkpɔ le nuteɖeamedzi ta [2] . Ewɔa nu ɖe nuteɖeamedzinuwo ŋu eye wòwɔa akpa aɖe le lãmeka siwo le titina kple esiwo le wo ɖokui si ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me, si me ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe dɔlélenutsiŋutete kple dzitodzitowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi hã le. Fifia la, woxɔe se be oxytocin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe hadomenuwɔnawo dzi to ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe nutomeɖoɖowo dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le hadomekadodowo wɔwɔ me la, oxytocin ate ŋu ado ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo le ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa aɖewo koŋ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, si ana kakaɖedzi nanɔ ame ŋu eye wòase le eɖokui me be yele kplikplikpli kple ame bubuwo.
3. Mɔnu si dzi wòtona wɔa dɔ le vevesesenutsitike me
Lãmesẽŋutinunya ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔwɔ:
Oxytocin ate ŋu aɖe masɔmasɔ kple vevesese dzi akpɔtɔ evɔ magblẽ nu le ame ŋu bubu aɖeke o [3] . Numekuku siwo wowɔ fifia ɖee fia be oxytocin ate ŋu awɔ eƒe vevesesenutsitike ŋudɔ to vevesese ƒe mɔ si le lãmekawo me dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe vevesese ƒe dzesiwo ƒe kaka nu alo aɖɔ nuto siwo le ahɔhɔ̃a me siwo do ƒome kple vevesese ƒe dzedzeme kple seselelãme ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo.
4. Alesi Wowɔa Dɔe le Taɖuame Me
Receptor ƒe Nyagbɔgblɔ Kple Dɔwɔwɔ:
Le taɖuame ŋuti numekuku me la, wokpɔe be oxytocin receptor (OTR) dzena le sisiblisiwo ƒe trigeminovascular system me ŋutɔ [4] . Vevietɔ le trigeminal ganglion me la, OTR dzena le Aδ sensory neurons kple fibers me koŋ, eye OTR xexlẽme sue aɖe le C fiber sensory neurons me nɔa teƒe ɖeka kple calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). OTR dzena le trigeminal nerve ƒe caudal nucleus hã me. Gake oxytocin mekpɔa ŋusẽ aɖeke ɖe CGRP ƒe dodo si potassium ion hena vɛ tso trigeminal ganglia alo trigeminal ganglion afferent fibers siwo woɖe ɖe aga le dura mater me dzi o.
Ʋukawo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ:
Tagbɔ ƒe ʋuka siwo le gota la tsia le oxytocin ƒe ŋuɖoɖo me le vitro, eye OTR ƒe mɔxenu L368899 ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe ŋuɖoɖo sia nu. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, wokpɔ oxytocin ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete le satellite glial cells me le trigeminal ganglion me, gake womekpɔ oxytocin mRNA le trigeminal ganglion me o. Eyata oxytocin si le tsatsam ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe vevesese ƒe tsɔtsɔ dzi wu to dɔwɔwɔ ɖe OTR siwo le trigeminal ganglion me dzi, si ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu woaɖe lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le taɖuame me me eye wòana taɖodzinu yeye na atikewɔwɔ [4]..
Dzɔtsoƒe:PubMed [3] .
Nukae nye Oxytocin zazã?
1. Dɔwɔwɔ le Vidzidzi me
Vidzidzi Dodo Ðe Ŋgɔ:
Le vidzidzi me la, woate ŋu azã oxytocin atsɔ ado ŋusẽ vidzidɔ ƒe tete eye wòado vidzidzi ɖe ŋgɔ. Le vidzidzi aɖewo siwo ŋu vidzidɔ ƒe atony le gome la, exogenous oxytocin ate ŋu akpe ɖe wo ŋu woakpɔ vidzidzi dzidzedzetɔe to nyɔnuwo ƒe vidzidɔ me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le vidzidzi aɖewo siwo ŋu nɔnɔme tɔxɛ aɖewo le, abe vidadaa ƒe fufɔfɔ do ŋgɔ na vidzidɔ, fufɔfɔ ƒe suklidɔ, lãkusiwo ƒe gbagbã kaba, alesi wòhiã be woaʋã vidzidzi ne vidzidɔa mele dɔ wɔm o, kple fu si womate ŋu aƒo asa na alo si mede blibo o le vidzidɔ ƒe ɣleti etɔ̃lia me ene gome la, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) da asi ɖe oxytocin dzi be woazã do ŋgɔ na vidzidzi . [5] ..
2. Vevesese si nɔa anyi didi ƒe atikewɔwɔ
Le ame tsitsi siwo ŋu ahɔhɔ̃mekawo, akɔta, kple lãmekawo ƒe vevesese atraɖii le gome la, oxytocin dodo to ŋɔti me ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ aɖe ɖe vevesese kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nyonyo dzi. Le dodokpɔ si me wozã atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee, si me wozã atike etɔ̃, si kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo, si me wozã atikeawo le me la, dɔnɔawo ŋutɔ do oxytocin atike si wotsɔna ƒua gbe ɖe no me (24IU, 48IU, kple atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee) ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme vovovo etɔ̃ zi eve gbesiagbe hena kwasiɖa 2. Nu gbãtɔ siwo do tso emee nye vevesese kple vevesese si doa kplamatse ame, eye nu evelia siwo do tso emee nye seselelãme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, alɔ̃dɔdɔ ƒe kuxiwo, kple tɔtrɔ ƒe nukpɔsusu bliboa. Tameɖoɖo be woawɔ atike na ame ƒe numekukua ada asɔ nenye be vevesese kple ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ anyo ɖe edzi le atikewɔwɔ vɔ megbe [6] ..
3. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Sarcopenic Obesity dzi le Ame Tsitsiwo Me
Le ame tsitsiwo gome la, oxytocin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe sarcopenic lolo akpa dzi le atikewɔwɔ me. Dodokpɔ si wowɔ le ame tsitsi 21 (ƒe 67.5 ± 5.4), lolo akpa (30 - 43 kg/m²), anyinɔƒe (kamedede sesẽ siwo mede 2 o le kwasiɖa me), kple esiwo ƒe azɔlizɔzɔ blewu (si mede 1m/s o, abe dzesi si woatsɔ aɖɔli sarcopenia ene) dzi ɖee fia be woado ame tsitsi 21 (ƒe 67.5 ± 5.4), siwo zɔna blewu (si mede 1m/s o, abe dzesi si woatsɔ aɖɔli sarcopenia ene) ŋu woɖe mɔ ɖe oxytocin (24IU, zi 4 gbesiagbe hena kwasiɖa 8) ŋu nyuie evɔ womekpɔ nu gbegblẽ sesẽ aɖeke o. Oxytocin dzi ŋutilã bliboa ƒe ŋutilã si me ami mele o ƒe lolome ɖe edzi ŋutɔ 2.25kg, si ɖe vovototo gã aɖe fia ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amie (P <.01), eye ami ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ƒe nɔnɔme nɔ esi. Eɖe ʋumemi si me lipoprotein si mebɔ o le ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩ me dzi kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ hã -19.3mg/dL (P =.023). Gake tɔtrɔ ɖedzesi aɖeke meva le ŋutilã ƒe lolome, nuɖuɖudzroame ƒe dzesiwo, ʋumesukli, ʋumemi si me ʋumemi sɔ gbɔ ɖo, triglycerides, alo blanuiléledzesiwo me o [7]..
4. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le Taɖuame Ŋu
Numekuku siwo wowɔ nyitsɔ laa le atikewɔƒewo ɖee fia be oxytocin kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe taɖuame kple taɖuame dzi. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be oxytocin receptor (OTR) dzena le sisiblisiwo ƒe trigeminovascular system me geɖe. Le trigeminal ganglion (TG) me la, wokpɔ OTR ƒe ɖeɖefia vevietɔ le A-delta sensory neurons kple fiber akpa gãtɔ me. OTR dzena le trigeminal nerve ƒe caudal nucleus hã me, si nye TG afferent fibers ƒe taɖodzinu vevitɔ. C ka ƒe seselelãme ƒe ahɔhɔ̃meka ʋɛ aɖewo siwo le TG me ɖea OTR fiana eye wowɔa ɖeka kple neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Gake oxytocin mekpɔa ŋusẽ aɖeke ɖe CGRP ƒe dodo tso TG alo TG afferent fibers siwo woɖe ɖe aga le dura mater me si potassium ion hena vɛ dzi o. Le vitro me la, TG ƒe taɖodzinu bubu si le gota, si nye tagbɔ ƒe ʋuka, tsia le oxytocin ƒe ŋuɖoɖo me, eye OTR ƒe mɔxenu L368899 ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe ŋuɖoɖo sia nu. Wokpɔ oxytocin ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete le TG satellite glial cells me, gake womekpɔ oxytocin mRNA le TG me o. Eyata anɔ eme be oxytocin si le tsatsam la wɔa dɔ ɖe OTR siwo le TG me dzi wu, si wɔnɛ be wòkpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe vevesese ƒe kaka dzi [4]..
5. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Dɔgbo ƒe Ʋuʋu Kple Dɔgbo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Dzi
Oxytocin (OT) ɖea ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi geɖe siwo ate ŋu anɔ dɔgboa ƒe ʋuʋu kple adzamedɔwo dzi kpɔkpɔ me fiana. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be OT ate ŋu ana dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe kuxi siwo atike si tsia dɔdzẽ nu si nye vincristine (VCR) hena vɛ la nanyo ɖe edzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dɔgbo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ blewu kple dɔgbo ƒe akpa siwo sa ɖe aga ƒe ŋuɖoɖo ɖe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ. Exogenous OT pretreatment ate ŋu ana mɔxexe ɖe dɔgboa ƒe ʋuʋu nu to VCR dzi kple nusiwo gblẽ le myenteric neurons ŋu nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, OT ate ŋu aɖɔ dɔgboa ƒe ƒuƒlu kple dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu hã ɖo. To hypothalamic-vagal oxytocinergic neural circuit ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me la, ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe nuteɖeamedzi si hea ƒodo ƒe ƒuƒlu kple ʋuʋu ƒe kuxi siwo tsi megbe nu, eye wòana dɔgboa ƒe gbeɖiɖi kple ʋuʋu nadzi ɖe edzi [8] . Le dɔgbo ƒe peristalsis gome la, OT/OTR ƒe dzesi kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe dɔgbo ƒe peristalsis dzi le ɖoɖowɔwɔ me. OTR knockout (OTRKO) mice ƒe dɔgbo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi kabakaba wu gbemelã ƒomeviwo tɔ, eye OT ateŋu axe mɔ na enteric nervous system (ENS)-dependent colonic migrating motor complex si wowɔ le vitro [9] . Le dɔgbo ƒe adzamedɔwo gome la, OT ɖɔa dɔgbo ƒe ʋukawo ƒe gege ɖe lãme na ame kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi ɖo, ewɔa akpa aɖe le dɔgbo ƒe ʋukawo léle ɖe te me, eye wòkpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe dɔgbo ƒe dɔléle ta [9] . Numekuku siawo me tsonu ɖee fia be OT/OTR ƒe dzesi wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le dɔgbo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu, adzamedɔwo, kple ʋukawo takpɔkpɔ.
Le nyataƒoƒo me la, Oxytocin doa vidzidɔ ƒe lãmeka siwo le gbadzaa ƒe tete ɖe ŋgɔ kple notsi ƒe dodo tso no me lãkusi siwo le vidzidzi ƒe ɖoɖoa me, eye le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, eɖɔa hadomenuwɔnawo, seselelãmewo, kple nuteɖeamedzi ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo ɖo le lãmekawo me. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, oxytocin hã ɖɔa dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu kple eƒe ʋuʋu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo, enaa dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe kuxi siwo atike siwo wozãna tsɔ daa dɔlékuiwo hena vɛ la nyona ɖe edzi, edoa dɔgbo ƒe ƒuƒlu dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, xea mɔ na dɔgbo ƒe acid ƒe dodo, eye wòkpɔa dɔgbo ƒe abi kple dɔgbo ƒe dɔléle ta. Eƒe dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ na wòwɔa dɔ veviwo le vidzidzi, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me.
Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu
Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.
Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla
Yang L nye numekula si do ƒome kple Huazhong Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya & Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Yunivɛsiti. Eƒe numekukuwo ku ɖe nu vevi geɖewo ŋu siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Ahɔhɔ̃ŋutinunya & Ahɔhɔ̃ŋutinunya, Atikeŋutinunya & Atikeŋutinunya, Numekuku & Dodokpɔ ƒe Atikewɔwɔ, Kansaŋutinunya, kple Nugbagbeŋutinunya & Molecular Biology. Ewɔ akpa vevi aɖe le go siawo me to eƒe sukudede kple numekukudɔwo me. Woŋlɔ Yang L ɖe nyayɔyɔ ƒe numekugbalẽ me [3].
