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1 kits (10 Vials)
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▎ Tsarin Oxytocin
Source: PubChem |
Jeri: CYIQNCPLG Tsarin Halitta: C 43H 66N 12O 12S2 Nauyin Kwayoyin: 1007.2 g/mol Lambar CAS: 50-56-6 Takardar bayanai:439302 Synonyms: Endopituitrina |
▎ Binciken Oxytocin
Menene asalin bincike na Oxytocin?
Abubuwan Tunanin Farko na Al'amura masu alaƙa da Haihuwa:
Tun a zamanin d ¯ a, mutane sun lura cewa mahaifar mata za su yi haɗuwa akai-akai a lokacin haihuwa, kuma wannan ƙaddamarwa yana da mahimmanci ga haihuwa. Duk da haka, a lokacin, ba a san ko wanne abu ne ya shiga tsakani ba. Tare da haɓakar magunguna, a hankali mutane sun fara bincika hanyoyin ilimin halittar jiki da suka shafi haihuwa da haifuwa, tare da aza harsashi don gano oxytocin daga baya.
Gwajin Dabbobi da Gano Farko:
A shekara ta 1906, masanin ilmin lissafi dan kasar Burtaniya Henry Hallett Dale, lokacin da yake nazarin ilimin halittar dabbobi, ya gano cewa tsantsar tsantsauran ra'ayi na iya haifar da dunkulewar tsokoki masu santsi. Wannan binciken ya fara bincike mai zurfi game da alakar da ke tsakanin glandan pituitary da ilimin halittar haihuwa. Daga baya, ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, masana kimiyya sun kara tabbatar da cewa akwai wani abu a cikin glandar pituitary wanda ke da tasirin inganta ƙwayar mahaifa da fitar da madara daga glandan mammary.
Warewa da Suna:
A cikin 1953, Vincent du Vigneaud ya sami nasarar ware oxytocin daga lobe na shanu na pituitary na baya kuma ya ƙaddara tsarin sinadarai, wanda shine polypeptide wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid 9. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin ilmin sinadarai a shekarar 1955 saboda irin gudunmawar da ya bayar a fannin kimiyyar halittu, musamman nasarorin da ya samu a fannin binciken sinadarin peptide. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gane oxytocin a matsayin wani takamaiman sinadari mai mahimmanci, kuma an gano tushensa a fili a matsayin lobe na pituitary na baya.
Bincike a Matsayin Halitta:
Tare da haɓaka dabarun ilimin halitta, masana kimiyya sun ƙara yin nazarin tsarin tushen oxytocin cikin zurfi. An gano cewa oxytocin an haɗa su ta hanyar neurons a cikin tsakiya na paraventricular da kuma supraoptic tsakiya na hypothalamus. Waɗannan jijiyoyi suna haɗa precursor na oxytocin ta hanyar tsarin rubutun kwayoyin halitta da fassarar, sa'an nan kuma bayan jerin tsari da gyare-gyare, an samar da oxytocin bioactive. Bayan haɗuwa, ana jigilar oxytocin tare da axon na neurons zuwa neurohypophysis (lobe na baya) don ajiya. Lokacin da jiki ya buƙace shi, za a sake shi cikin jini don aiwatar da tasirinsa.
Menene tsarin aikin Oxytocin?
1. Tsarin Aiki Akan Haihuwa Da Ciwon Uterine
Dokokin Mai karɓa:
Mai karɓa na oxytocin (OTR) na cikin nau'in rhodopsin (Class 1) superfamily na masu karɓar furotin G [1] . A lokacin daukar ciki da haihuwa, canje-canje a cikin maganganun mai karɓa, rashin jin daɗi, da kuma maida hankali na oxytocin na gida zai tsara aikinsa. Alal misali, yayin haihuwa, haɓakar matakan oxytocin na endogenous zai kara yawan maganganun masu karɓa na oxytocin, don haka ya inganta yanayin myometrium zuwa oxytocin.
Dokokin Calcium ion:
Bayan kunna mai karɓa, jerin abubuwan da suka faru na sigina za a haifar da su don tayar da ƙwayar mahaifa, musamman ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayar calcium ion (Ca⊃2; ⁺) maida hankali [1] . Wannan ya haɗa da sakin inositol-tris-phosphate-mediated calcium store, Ca⊃2 mai sarrafawa; ⁺ shigarwa, da Ca⊃2 mai ƙarfin lantarki; shigarwa. Wadannan canje-canje a cikin ions na calcium za su haifar da raguwar ƙwayoyin myometrial, don haka sauƙaƙe bayarwa na tayin.
2. Tsarin Aiki Akan Halayen Jama'a
Dokokin Jijiya:
Oxytocin ya samo asali ne ta hanyar hypothalamus kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zamantakewar zamantakewar dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da halayyar iyaye, samar da zamantakewar zamantakewa, da kuma kula da abubuwan da suka faru don mayar da martani ga damuwa [2] . Yana amsawa ga masu damuwa kuma yana taka rawa a cikin tsarin tsarin tsakiya da tsarin juyayi, ciki har da tasiri akan ayyukan rigakafi da na zuciya. A halin yanzu, an yi imanin cewa oxytocin na iya rinjayar halayyar zamantakewa ta hanyar daidaita hanyoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa. Alal misali, a cikin tsarin samar da zamantakewar zamantakewa, oxytocin na iya inganta ayyukan neurons a cikin yankunan kwakwalwa na musamman, inganta amincewa da fahimtar kusanci ga wasu.
3. Tsarin Aiki a cikin Analgesia
Ka'idojin Tsarin Jiki:
Oxytocin na iya rage tashin hankali da zafi ba tare da wasu sakamako masu illa ba [3] . Binciken na yanzu ya nuna cewa oxytocin na iya yin amfani da tasirin sa na analgesic ta hanyar daidaita hanyar tafiyar da ciwo a cikin tsarin jin tsoro. Alal misali, yana iya hana watsa siginar jin zafi ko daidaita ayyukan yankuna a cikin kwakwalwa da ke da alaka da jin zafi da amsawar motsin rai.
4. Tsarin Aiki a Migraine
Bayanin Mai karɓa da Aiki:
A cikin nazarin ƙaura, an gano cewa mai karɓa na oxytocin (OTR) yana nunawa a cikin tsarin trigeminovascular na berayen [4] . Musamman a cikin ganglion trigeminal, OTR an fi bayyana shi a cikin Aδ neurons da fibers, da ƙananan adadin OTR a cikin C fiber sensory neurons tare da peptide mai alaka da calcitonin (CGRP). Hakanan ana bayyana OTR a cikin tsakiya na caudal na jijiyar trigeminal. Duk da haka, oxytocin ba shi da wani tasiri akan sakin potassium ion-induced na CGRP daga keɓaɓɓen ganglia trigeminal ko trigeminal ganglion afferent fibers a cikin dura mater.
Ayyukan Jijiyoyi:
Hannun jijiyoyin cranial na gefe sun yi kwangila don amsawa ga oxytocin in vitro, kuma wannan martani na iya toshe shi ta OTR antagonist L368899. Bugu da kari, an sami immunoreactivity oxytocin a cikin tauraron dan adam glial sel na trigeminal ganglion, amma ba a gano oxytocin mRNA a cikin ganglion na trigeminal ba. Sabili da haka, zazzagewar oxytocin zai iya rinjayar tasirin zafi ta hanyar yin aiki akan OTRs a cikin ganglion trigeminal, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen bayyana tasirin hormones a cikin migraines da kuma samar da sabon manufa don magani [4].
Source:PubMed [3]
Menene aikace-aikacen Oxytocin?
1. Aikace-aikace a cikin Ciwon ciki
Inganta Haihuwa:
A cikin mahaifa, ana iya amfani da oxytocin don ƙarfafa ƙwayar mahaifa da inganta haihuwa. Ga wasu parturients tare da uterine atony, exogenous oxytocin na iya taimakawa wajen cimma nasarar isar da farji. Misali, a wasu sassan da ke da takamaiman yanayi, irin su mahaifiyar da ke fama da preeclampsia, ciwon sukari na gestational, rugujewar membranes da wuri, buƙatar tada aiki lokacin da mahaifa ba ta aiki, kuma babu makawa ko rashin cika ciki a cikin uku na biyu, an amince da oxytocin don amfani da ciki ta Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) [5].
2. Maganin Ciwon Jiki
Ga manya da ciwon neuropathic na kullum, pelvic, da musculoskeletal, gudanarwa na ciki na oxytocin na iya samun wani tasiri akan inganta ciwo da aiki. A cikin mai sarrafa wuribo, makafi sau uku, mai zuwa, a cikin gwaji na tsaka-tsaki, marasa lafiya sun ba da kansu da kansu nau'ikan feshin hanci na oxytocin (24IU, 48IU, da placebo) sau biyu a rana don makonni 2. Sakamakon farko ya haɗa da ciwo da tsangwama da ke da alaka da ciwo, kuma sakamakon na biyu ya haɗa da aikin motsin rai, rashin barci, da kuma ra'ayi na canji. Binciken da aka yi niyya zai kimanta ko za a inganta ciwo da aikin jiki bayan jiyya [6].
3. Tasiri akan Kiba Sarcopenic a cikin Tsofaffi
A cikin tsofaffi tsofaffi, oxytocin na iya samun tasirin warkewa akan kiba na sarcopenic. Makafi guda biyu, gwajin gwajin gwagwarmayar sarrafa wuribo wanda aka gudanar akan tsofaffin 21 (67.5 ± 5.4 shekaru), obese (30 - 43 kg / m²), zaman zama (kasa da 2 motsa jiki mai wahala a kowane mako), kuma tare da jinkirin gait (kasa da 1m / s, azaman alamar maye gurbi na incopenia) Sau 4 a rana don makonni 8) an jure shi da kyau ba tare da wani mummunan lamari ba. Oxytocin ya ƙara yawan nauyin jikin jiki gaba ɗaya ta hanyar 2.25kg, yana nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da placebo (P <.01), kuma yana da yanayin rage yawan kitse. Har ila yau, ya rage mahimmancin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta -19.3mg/dL (P = .023). Duk da haka, babu wasu canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin ma'auni na jiki, ƙimar abinci, glucose na jini, babban adadin lipoprotein plasma, triglycerides, ko alamun damuwa [7].
4. Tasiri a cikin Migraine
Nazarin asibiti na baya-bayan nan sun gano cewa oxytocin yana da tasiri mai hanawa akan migraines da ciwon kai. Nazarin ya nuna cewa mai karɓar oxytocin (OTR) an bayyana shi sosai a cikin tsarin trigeminovascular na berayen. A cikin ganglion na trigeminal (TG), an sami furcin OTR musamman a mafi yawan ƙwayoyin jijiya na A-delta da zaruruwa. Hakanan ana bayyana OTR a cikin tsakiya na caudal na jijiyar trigeminal, wanda shine maƙasudin tsakiyar TG afferent fibers. Ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na fiber C a cikin TG suna bayyana OTR kuma suna haɗin gwiwa tare da peptide mai dangantaka da kwayoyin neuropeptide calcitonin (CGRP). Duk da haka, oxytocin ba shi da wani tasiri akan sakin potassium ion-induced na CGRP daga keɓaɓɓen TG ko TG afferent fibers a cikin dura mater. A cikin vitro, wani makasudin TG na gefe, jijiyar cranial, kwangiloli don mayar da martani ga oxytocin, kuma wannan martani na OTR antagonist L368899 na iya toshe shi. An sami immunoreactivity na Oxytocin a cikin TG tauraron dan adam glial sel, amma ba a gano oxytocin mRNA a cikin TG ba. Sabili da haka, zazzagewar oxytocin yana iya yin aiki akan OTRs a cikin TG, ta haka yana shafar watsa jin zafi [4].
5. Tasiri Akan Motsin Gastrointestinal da Ayyukan Sirri
Oxytocin (OT) yana nuna tasirin tasiri mai yawa a cikin daidaita motsin ciki da ayyukan sirri. Bincike ya nuna cewa OT na iya inganta rikice-rikicen motsa jiki na gastrointestinal da ke haifar da maganin antitumor vincristine (VCR), gami da jinkirin jigilar gastrointestinal da rage martanin keɓaɓɓen sassan hanji zuwa kuzarin filin lantarki. Exogenous OT pretreatment na iya inganta haɓakar hana motsin ciki ta hanyar VCR da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na myenteric. Bugu da kari, OT kuma na iya daidaita zubar da ciki da motsin ciki. Ta hanyar kunna hypothalamic-vagal oxytocinergic neural circuit, zai iya hana damuwa-samun jinkirin zubar da ciki da matsalolin motsi, da kuma ƙara sautin ciki da motsi [8] . Dangane da peristalsis na hanji, siginar OT/OTR yana da tasiri na tsari akan peristalsis na hanji. Lokacin wucewa na gastrointestinal na OTR knockout (OTRKO) mice ya fi sauri fiye da na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in daji, kuma OT na iya hana tsarin juyayi na ciki (ENS) - dogara ga colonic migrating motor complex halitta a cikin vitro [9] . Dangane da ayyukan sirrin ciki na ciki, OT yana daidaita ƙarancin mucosal na hanji da haɓaka tantanin halitta, yana taka rawa wajen kula da mucosa na hanji, kuma yana da tasirin kariya akan colitis [9] . Wadannan sakamakon binciken sun nuna cewa siginar OT / OTR yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyuka daban-daban na gastrointestinal tract, ciki har da motsi na gastrointestinal, ayyukan asiri, da kuma kariya ta mucosal.
In conclusion, Oxytocin promotes the contraction of uterine smooth muscles and the secretion of milk from the mammary glands in the reproductive system, and at the same time regulates social behavior, emotions, and stress responses in the nervous system. Bugu da ƙari, oxytocin kuma yana sarrafa motsi na ciki da kuma ayyukan sirri, yana inganta cututtuka na motsa jiki na gastrointestinal da ke haifar da magungunan chemotherapy, yana inganta zubar da ciki, yana hana ƙwayar acid na ciki, kuma yana da tasiri mai kariya a kan ulcers na ciki da colitis. Its multifunctionality sa shi da muhimmanci aikace-aikace a haifuwa, metabolism.
Game da Marubuci
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.
Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya
Yang L mai bincike ne da ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Huazhong. Binciken nasa ya zana wurare da dama da suka hada da Neurosciences & Neurology, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Research & Experimental Medicine, Oncology, da Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga waɗannan fagagen ta hanyar ayyukan ilimi da bincike. An jera Yang L a cikin ambaton ambaton [3].
