Oxytocin 10 mg

▎ Oxytocin Structure

Source: PubChem

Sequence: CYIQNCPLG Molecular Formula: C 43H 66N 12O 12S2 Molecular Luj: 1007.2 g / mol CAS Nr .: 50-56-6 PubChem CID: 439302 Synonyms: Endopituitrina

▎ Kev Tshawb Fawb Oxytocin

Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Oxytocin yog dab tsi?

Kev soj ntsuam thaum ntxov ntawm Reproduction-related Phenomena: 

Raws li thaum ntxov thaum ub, tib neeg pom tias lub tsev menyuam ntawm cov poj niam yuav cog lus tsis tu ncua thaum yug menyuam, thiab qhov kev cog lus no tseem ceeb heev rau kev yug menyuam hauv plab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tsis paub meej tias cov khoom siv twg los kho qhov kev cog lus no. Nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj, tib neeg maj mam pib tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem physiological cuam tshuam txog kev yug menyuam thiab kev yug me nyuam, tso lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb pom tom qab ntawm oxytocin.

Animal Experiments thiab Preliminary Discovery: 

Xyoo 1906, British physiologist Henry Hallett Dale, thaum kawm txog kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov tsiaj, pom tias pituitary rho tawm tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij mos ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau pib ib qho kev tshawb fawb tob txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub caj pas pituitary thiab kev ua me nyuam physiology. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab ntxiv tias muaj qee yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub caj pas pituitary uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhawb nqa uterine contraction thiab mis ejection los ntawm cov qog mammary.

Kev rho npe thiab npe: 

Nyob rau hauv 1953, Vincent du Vigneaud tau ntse cais oxytocin los ntawm lub posterior pituitary lobe ntawm nyuj thiab txiav txim siab nws cov qauv tshuaj, uas yog ib tug polypeptide muaj li ntawm 9 amino acids. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel nqi zog hauv Chemistry hauv xyoo 1955 rau nws txoj kev koom tes hauv biochemistry, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm peptide hormones. Txij thaum ntawd los, oxytocin tau raug lees paub tias yog cov tshuaj muaj tseeb, thiab nws qhov chaw kuj tau qhia meej meej tias yog cov kab mob pituitary tom qab.

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Gene Level: 

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm molecular biology cov tswv yim, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem ntawm oxytocin hauv qhov tob. Nws tau pom tias oxytocin yog tsim los ntawm cov neurons hauv paraventricular nucleus thiab supraoptic nucleus ntawm hypothalamus. Cov neurons no tsim cov oxytocin precursor los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov noob transcription thiab kev txhais lus, thiab tom qab ntawd tom qab ua tiav thiab hloov kho, cov bioactive oxytocin yog thaum kawg tsim. Tom qab cov synthesis, oxytocin raug thauj los ntawm axons ntawm neurons mus rau neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary lobe) rau khaws cia. Thaum lub cev xav tau nws, nws yuav raug tso tawm rau hauv cov hlab ntsha kom ua rau nws lub cev muaj zog.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Oxytocin?

1. Mechanism of Action on Childbirth and Uterine Contraction

Receptor Txoj Cai: 

Lub oxytocin receptor (OTR) belongs rau rhodopsin-hom (Class 1) superfamily ntawm G protein-coupled receptors ^[1] . Thaum cev xeeb tub thiab yug me nyuam, kev hloov pauv hauv kev qhia receptor, desensitization, thiab hauv zos oxytocin concentration yuav tswj nws txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, thaum yug me nyuam, qhov nce ntawm endogenous oxytocin theem yuav ua rau kom cov lus qhia ntawm oxytocin receptors, yog li txhim kho qhov rhiab heev ntawm myometrium rau oxytocin.

Kev cai Calcium Ion: 

Tom qab receptor activation, ib tug series ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim los txhawb uterine contraction, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev nce lub intracellular calcium ion (Ca⊃2; ⁺) concentration ^[1] . Qhov no suav nrog inositol-tris-phosphate-mediated calcium store release, store-operated Ca⊃2;⁺ nkag, thiab voltage-operated Ca⊃2;⁺ nkag. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv calcium ions yuav ua rau kev sib cog lus ntawm cov hlwb myometrial, yog li yooj yim rau tus me nyuam hauv plab.

2. Lub Mechanism of Action on Social Behavior

Kev cai Neural: 

Oxytocin feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm hypothalamus thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tsiaj, nrog rau kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm niam txiv, tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev tswj hwm kev paub txog kev ntxhov siab ^[2] . Nws teb rau cov kev ntxhov siab thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub paj hlwb, nrog rau cov teebmeem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov hlab plawv. Tam sim no, nws ntseeg tau tias oxytocin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm kev tswj cov kab mob neural hauv lub hlwb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo, oxytocin yuav txhawb kev ua hauj lwm ntawm neurons nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam ntawm lub paj hlwb, pab txhawb kev ntseeg thiab kev sib raug zoo rau lwm tus.

3. Mechanism of Action hauv Analgesia

Kev cai ntawm Physiological txheej txheem: 

Oxytocin tuaj yeem txo qhov nro thiab mob yam tsis muaj lwm yam teebmeem ^[3] . Cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tau hais tias oxytocin tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov nyhuv analgesic los ntawm kev tswj cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev sib kis ntawm qhov mob tshwm sim lossis tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw hauv lub hlwb cuam tshuam nrog kev hnov ​​​​mob thiab kev xav.

4. Mechanism of Action in Migraine

Receptor Expression thiab Function: 

Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm migraine, nws tau pom tias oxytocin receptor (OTR) tau nthuav dav hauv trigeminovascular system ntawm nas ^[4] . Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub trigeminal ganglion, OTR feem ntau yog qhia nyob rau hauv Aδ sensory neurons thiab fibers, thiab ib tug me me OTRs nyob rau hauv C fiber sensory neurons co-localize nrog calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). OTR kuj qhia nyob rau hauv caudal nucleus ntawm lub paj hlwb trigeminal. Txawm li cas los xij, oxytocin tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov poov tshuaj ion-induced tso tawm ntawm CGRP los ntawm cais trigeminal ganglia los yog trigeminal ganglion afferent fibers hauv dura mater.

Vascular Action: 

Peripheral cranial hlab ntsha cog lus teb rau oxytocin hauv vitro, thiab cov lus teb no tuaj yeem thaiv los ntawm OTR antagonist L368899. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxytocin immunoreactivity tau pom nyob rau hauv satellite glial hlwb ntawm trigeminal ganglion, tab sis oxytocin mRNA tsis pom nyob rau hauv lub trigeminal ganglion. Yog li ntawd, circulating oxytocin feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua OTRs hauv trigeminal ganglion, uas yuav pab piav qhia txog cov tshuaj hormones hauv migraines thiab muab lub hom phiaj tshiab rau kev kho mob ^[4].

Source: PubMed ^[3]

Dab tsi yog kev siv ntawm Oxytocin?

1. Kev siv hauv Obstetrics

Txhawb kev yug menyuam: 

Hauv kev yug menyuam, oxytocin tuaj yeem siv los ntxiv dag zog rau lub tsev menyuam thiab txhawb kev yug menyuam. Rau qee cov menyuam yaus uas muaj lub tsev menyuam atony, exogenous oxytocin tuaj yeem pab ua kom tiav qhov chaw mos. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim, xws li leej niam muaj preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, ntxov ntxov rupture ntawm daim nyias nyias, xav tau kev txhawb zog thaum lub tsev menyuam tsis ua haujlwm, thiab inevitable los yog tsis tiav miscarriage nyob rau hauv lub thib ob peb lub hlis twg, oxytocin tau pom zoo rau prenatal siv (USFDA) ^[FDA5]..

2. Kev kho mob ntev

Rau cov neeg laus uas muaj mob neuropathic, pelvic, thiab musculoskeletal mob, intranasal kev tswj hwm ntawm oxytocin yuav muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho qhov mob thiab ua haujlwm. Hauv cov placebo-tswj, triple-dig muag, ua ntu zus, nyob rau hauv-kev kawm crossover sim, cov neeg mob nws tus kheej tswj peb qhov sib txawv ntawm oxytocin nasal spray (24IU, 48IU, thiab placebo) ob zaug ib hnub rau 2 lub lis piam. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb suav nrog kev mob thiab kev cuam tshuam txog qhov mob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig thib ob suav nrog kev xav, kev pw tsaug zog, thiab tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm kev hloov. Kev tsom mus rau kev kho mob yuav ntsuas seb qhov mob thiab lub cev ua haujlwm puas yuav zoo dua tom qab kho ^[6].

3. Qhov cuam tshuam rau Sarcopenic Obesity hauv Cov Neeg Laus

Hauv cov neeg laus, oxytocin tuaj yeem muaj kev kho mob ntawm sarcopenic rog. Ob qhov muag tsis pom kev, cov tshuaj placebo-tswj randomized tswj kev sim ua rau 21 cov neeg laus (67.5 ± 5.4 xyoo), rog rog (30 - 43 kg / m²), sedentary (tsawg dua 2 qhov kev tawm dag zog ib lub lis piam), thiab nrog kev mus qeeb (tsawg dua 1m / s, raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm surrogate). oxytocin (24IU, 4 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 8 lub lis piam) tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Oxytocin tau nce ntxiv rau tag nrho lub cev lean lub cev hnyav los ntawm 2.25kg, qhia qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb piv nrog cov placebo (P <.01), thiab muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txo cov rog. Nws kuj tseem txo cov roj lipoprotein plasma tsawg-density cholesterol los ntawm -19.3mg / dL (P =.023). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv lub cev qhov ntsuas, qhov qab los noj mov, ntshav qabzib, ntshav siab lipoprotein plasma, triglycerides, lossis cov tsos mob nyuaj siab ^[7].

4. Cov nyhuv hauv Migraine

Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tsis ntev los no tau pom tias oxytocin muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm migraines thiab mob taub hau. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias oxytocin receptor (OTR) tau nthuav dav hauv cov kab mob trigeminovascular ntawm nas. Hauv trigeminal ganglion (TG), qhov kev qhia ntawm OTR tau pom tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau A-delta sensory neurons thiab fibers. OTR kuj tau qhia nyob rau hauv caudal nucleus ntawm lub paj hlwb trigeminal, uas yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm TG afferent fibers. Ib tug me me ntawm C fiber sensory neurons nyob rau hauv TG qhia OTR thiab co-localize nrog cov neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Txawm li cas los xij, oxytocin tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov poov tshuaj ion-vim tso tawm ntawm CGRP los ntawm kev sib cais TG lossis TG afferent fibers hauv dura mater. Hauv vitro, lwm lub hom phiaj TG peripheral, cov hlab ntsha cranial, kev cog lus hauv cov lus teb rau oxytocin, thiab cov lus teb no tuaj yeem thaiv los ntawm OTR antagonist L368899. Oxytocin immunoreactivity tau pom nyob rau hauv TG satellite glial hlwb, tab sis oxytocin mRNA tsis tau kuaj pom hauv TG. Yog li, circulating oxytocin feem ntau yuav ua rau OTRs hauv TG, yog li cuam tshuam rau qhov mob kis ^[4].

5. Qhov cuam tshuam rau lub plab zom mov thiab kev ua haujlwm zais cia

Oxytocin (OT) qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau yam teebmeem hauv kev tswj lub plab zom mov thiab kev ua haujlwm zais cia. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias OT tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vincristine (VCR), suav nrog kev hloov pauv hauv plab hnyuv thiab txo cov lus teb ntawm cov kab mob khees xaws rau hauv hluav taws xob stimulation. Exogenous OT pretreatment tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov inhibition ntawm plab hnyuv motility los ntawm VCR thiab kev puas tsuaj rau myenteric neurons. Tsis tas li ntawd, OT kuj tuaj yeem tswj cov plab hnyuv plab thiab plab hnyuv motility. Los ntawm kev ua kom lub hypothalamic-vagal oxytocinergic neural circuit, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab vim qeeb plab hnyuv thiab teeb meem kev txav mus los, thiab ua rau lub plab zom mov thiab motility ^[8] . Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm plab hnyuv peristalsis, OT / OTR teeb liab muaj kev tswj cov nyhuv ntawm plab hnyuv peristalsis. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov ntawm OTR knockout (OTRKO) cov nas yog nrawm dua li cov nas qus, thiab OT tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub paj hlwb enteric (ENS)-nyob ntawm colonic migrating motor complex generated in vitro ^[9] . Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm plab hnyuv secretory kev ua ub no, OT tswj cov hnyuv mucosal permeability thiab cell proliferation, plays lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov hnyuv mucosa, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm colitis ^[9] . Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb no qhia tau hais tias OT / OTR teeb liab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov, suav nrog kev mob plab hnyuv, kev ua haujlwm zais cia, thiab kev tiv thaiv mucosal.

Hauv kev xaus, Oxytocin txhawb nqa kev cog lus ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab tso cov kua mis los ntawm cov qog mammary hauv cov menyuam yaus, thiab tib lub sijhawm tswj kev coj tus cwj pwm, kev xav, thiab kev ntxhov siab hauv lub paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxytocin tseem tswj cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv thiab kev ua haujlwm zais cia, txhim kho cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj kho mob, txhawb kev ua pa ntawm plab, inhibits gastric acid secretion, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm gastric ulcers thiab colitis. Nws multifunctionality ua rau nws muaj kev siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim tawm, cov metabolism.

Hais Txog Tus Sau

Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Yang L yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb koom nrog Huazhong University of Science & Technology. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb nthuav dav ntau yam tseem ceeb xws li Neurosciences & Neurology, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Kev Tshawb Fawb & Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshuaj, Oncology, thiab Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Nws tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov haujlwm no los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb. Yang L tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj [3].

▎ Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

[1] Li S, Shi Y, Zhu J, et al. Kev tiv thaiv cov nyhuv ntawm oxytocin ntawm vincristine-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility hauv nas[J]. Frontiers hauv Pharmacology, 2024, 15. DOI: 10.3389/fpha.2024.1270612

[2] Oxytocin[J]. Reactions Weekly, 2019,1735(1):206.DOI:10.1007/s40278-019-56822-x.

[3] Yang L, Chen K, Yin X, et al. Lub Txheej Txheem Neural Mechanism ntawm Oxytocin hauv Analgesia [J]. Tam sim no Neuropharmacology, 2022,20(1): 147-157.DOI: 10.2174/1570159X 19666210826 142107.

[4] Krause D, Warfvinge K, Grell A, et al. Oxytocin raws li kev tswj hwm neuropeptide nyob rau hauv lub trigeminovascular system: localization, qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm oxytocin thiab oxytocin receptors [J]. Faseb Journal, 2020, 34.DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03383.

[5] Osilla EV, Patel P, Sharma S. Oxytocin[J]. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939625/

[6] Rash JA, Campbell TS, Cooper L, et al. Kev ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm intranasal oxytocin ntawm qhov mob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tib neeg uas muaj kev mob ntev: ib qho kev cai rau ntau qhov chaw, placebo-tswj, dig muag, ua ntu zus, hauv cov ncauj lus sib tw sib tw [J]. Bmj Qhib, 2021,11(9):e55039.DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055039.

[7] Espinoza SE, Lee JL, Wang C, et al. Intranasal Oxytocin txhim kho cov leeg nqaij ntshiv thiab txo qis LDL cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov neeg laus laus nrog Sarcopenic Obesity: Tus Tsav Tsheb Randomized Controlled Trial [J]. Phau ntawv Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2021,22(9):1877-1882.DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.04.015.

[8] Jiang Y, Travagli R A. Hypothalamic-vagal oxytocinergic neurocircuitry modulates gastric emptying thiab motility tom qab kev ntxhov siab [J]. Phau ntawv Journal of Physiology-London, 2020,598(21):4941-4955.DOI:10.1113/JP280023.

[9] Welch MG, Margolis KG, Li Z, et al. Oxytocin tswj lub plab zom mov, o, macromolecular permeability, thiab tu mucosal hauv nas [J]. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2014,307(8):G848-G862.DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00176.2014.

Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.  

Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.