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1 pahu (10 Vials)
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▎ Hoʻolālā Oxytocin
Puna: PubChem |
Kaʻina: CYIQNCPLG Huihui Molekala: C 43H 66N 12O 12S2 Kaumaha Molekala: 1007.2 g/mol Helu CAS: 50-56-6 PubChem CID: 439302 Synonyms: Endopituitrina |
▎ ʻImi Oxytocin
He aha ke kumu noiʻi o Oxytocin?
Nā ʻike mua o nā mea pili i ka hoʻohua hou ʻana:
I ka wā kahiko, ua ʻike ka poʻe i ka ʻokoʻa mau o ka ʻōpū o nā wahine i ka wā hānau, a he mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻokiʻoki no ka hānau ʻana o ka ʻōpū. Eia nō naʻe, i kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole maopopo i ke ʻano o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēia contraction. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e ʻimi i nā hana physiological e pili ana i ka hānau ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana, e kau ana i ke kumu no ka ʻike hope ʻana o ka oxytocin.
Nā hoʻokolohua holoholona a me ka ʻike mua ʻana:
I ka makahiki 1906, ua ʻike ʻo Henry Hallett Dale, ka physiologist Pelekania, i ka wā e aʻo ana i ka physiology reproductive o nā holoholona, ua hiki i ka pituitary extract ke hana i ka contraction o nā ʻiʻo maʻemaʻe o ka ʻōpū. Ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻike i kahi noiʻi hohonu o ka pilina ma waena o ka pituitary gland a me ka physiology reproductive. Ma hope mai, ma o ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻoholo hou ka poʻe ʻepekema aia kekahi mea i loko o ka pituitary gland i loaʻa ka hopena o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka waiū mai nā mammary glands.
Kaʻawale a me ka inoa ʻana:
I ka makahiki 1953, ua hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻo Vincent du Vigneaud i ka oxytocin mai ka lobe pituitary hope o nā bipi a hoʻoholo i kona ʻano kemika, ʻo ia ka polypeptide i haku ʻia me 9 amino acids. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ka Nobel Prize in Chemistry i ka makahiki 1955 no kāna mau haʻawina koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka biochemistry, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna mau hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hormones peptide. Mai ia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ka oxytocin ma ke ʻano he mea kemika paʻa, a ua ʻike maopopo ʻia kona kumu ʻo ka lobe pituitary hope.
Noiʻi ma ka Gene Level:
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana biology molecular, ua aʻo hou ka poʻe ʻepekema i ke kumu kumu o ka oxytocin i ka hohonu. Ua ʻike ʻia ua synthesized ka oxytocin e nā neurons i loko o ka nucleus paraventricular a me ka nucleus supraoptic o ka hypothalamus. Hoʻopili kēia mau neurons i ka oxytocin precursor ma o nā kaʻina o ka transcription gene a me ka unuhi ʻana, a laila ma hope o ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka oxytocin bioactive. Ma hope o ka synthesis, lawe ʻia ka oxytocin ma nā axons o nā neurons i ka neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary lobe) no ka mālama ʻana. I ka wā e pono ai ke kino, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kahe koko e hoʻokō i kona hopena physiological.
He aha ka hana o ka Oxytocin?
1. Ka Mechanism of Action on Childbiru and Uterine Contraction
Hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono:
ʻO ka oxytocin receptor (OTR) no ka rhodopsin-type (Class 1) superfamily o G protein-coupled receptors [1] . I ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana, e hoʻoponopono ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo receptor, desensitization, a me ka hoʻokele oxytocin kūloko i kāna hana. No ka laʻana, i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae oxytocin endogenous e hoʻonui i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea hoʻokipa oxytocin, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka naʻau o ka myometrium i ka oxytocin.
Hoʻoponopono Kalsium Ion:
Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka receptor, e hoʻoulu ʻia kahi ʻano o nā hanana hōʻailona e hoʻoulu i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ʻoi loa ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ion calcium intracellular (Ca⊃2;⁺) [1] . Loaʻa kēia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hale kūʻai calcium inositol-tris-phosphate-mediated calcium, Ca⊃2;⁺ hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hale kūʻai, a me ke komo ʻana o Ca⊃2;⁺ i hoʻohana ʻia i ka uila. ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana i nā ion calcium e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā cell myometrial, no laila e maʻalahi ai ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.
2. Ka Mechanism of Action on Social Behavior
Hoʻoponopono neural:
Hoʻokumu nuiʻia ka Oxytocin e ka hypothalamus a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka nohona pilikanaka o nā mammals, e like me ka hana makua, ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā pilina pilikanaka, a me ka mālamaʻana i nāʻike i ka paneʻana i ke kaumaha [2] . Pane ia i nā mea kaumaha a pāʻani i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana nerve waena a me autonomic, me nā hopena i ka hana immune a me ka cardiovascular. I kēia manawa, manaʻoʻiʻo hiki i ka oxytocin ke hoʻopilikia i ka nohona pili kanaka ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā neural circuits i ka lolo. No ka laʻana, i ke kaʻina hana o ka pilina pili kanaka, hiki i ka oxytocin ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o nā neurons ma nā ʻāpana lolo kikoʻī, hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi a me ke ʻano pili i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
3. Ka Mechanism of Action in Analgesia
Hoʻoponopono i nā kaʻina hana Physiological:
Hiki i ka Oxytocin ke hoʻomaha i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻino ʻē aʻe [3] . Hōʻike ka noiʻi o kēia manawa hiki i ka oxytocin ke hoʻohana i kāna hopena analgesic ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ala hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana nerve. No ka laʻana, hiki ke kāohi i ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻeha a i ʻole e hoʻoponopono i ka hana o nā wahi i loko o ka lolo e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻeha a me nā pane o ka naʻau.
4. Ka Mechanism of Action in Migraine
Hōʻike a me ka hana o ka mea hoʻokipa:
Ma ke aʻoʻana i ka migraine, uaʻikeʻia ua hōʻike nuiʻia ka oxytocin receptor (OTR) i ka pūnaewele trigeminovascular o nāʻiole [4] . ʻOi loa i ka ganglion trigeminal, hōʻike nui ʻia ka OTR i nā neurons sensory Aδ a me nā fibers, a me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā OTR ma C fiber sensory neurons co-localize me ka calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Hōʻike pū ʻia ʻo OTR i ka nucleus caudal o ke aʻalolo trigeminal. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka oxytocin i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka potassium ion-induced o CGRP mai nā ganglia trigeminal kaʻawale a i ʻole nā trigeminal ganglion afferent fibers i ka dura mater.
Ka hana ʻana i ke koko:
ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o nā ʻaʻaʻa ʻāʻī ʻo peripheral i ka pane ʻana i ka oxytocin in vitro, a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia pane e ka OTR antagonist L368899. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ka immunoreactivity oxytocin i loko o nā kelepona glial satellite o ka ganglion trigeminal, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka oxytocin mRNA i ka ganglion trigeminal. No laila, ʻo ka holo ʻana o ka oxytocin ka mea e hoʻopilikia i ka ʻeha ma o ka hana ʻana i nā OTR i ka ganglion trigeminal, hiki ke kōkua i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mana o nā hormones i ka migraines a hāʻawi i kahi pahuhopu hou no ka mālama ʻana [4].
Puna:PubMed [3]
He aha nā mea hoʻohana o Oxytocin?
1. Nā noi ma ka Obstetrics
Hoʻoikaika i ka hānau keiki:
I ka obstetrics, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka oxytocin e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana o ka ʻōpū a hāpai i ka hānau ʻana. No kekahi poʻe hānau me ka ʻōpū ʻōpū, hiki i ka oxytocin exogenous ke kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hānau ʻana i ka wahine. No ka laʻana, i kekahi poʻe hānai me nā kūlana kūikawā, e like me ka makuahine i loaʻa i ka preeclampsia, ka maʻi diabetes gestational, ka haki ʻana o nā membranes, ka pono e hoʻoulu i ka hana ke hana ʻole ka ʻōpū, a hiki ʻole ke hāʻule i ka lua o ka trimester, ua ʻae ʻia ka oxytocin no ka hoʻohana prenatal e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [5].
2. Lapaau i ka eha mau
No nā poʻe mākua me ka ʻeha neuropathic, pelvic, a me ka ʻeha musculoskeletal, hiki i ka hoʻokele intranasal o ka oxytocin ke loaʻa kekahi hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka hana. I loko o kahi hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo, triple-blind, sequential, i loko o ke kumuhana crossover, nā mea maʻi i lawelawe ponoʻī i ʻekolu mau ʻano like ʻole o ka oxytocin nasal spray (24IU, 48IU, a me kahi placebo) ʻelua i ka lā no 2 pule. ʻO nā hopena mua i loaʻa i ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻeha, a ʻo nā hopena lua e pili ana i ka hana naʻau, nā maʻi moe, a me ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa o ka loli. E loiloi ka manaʻo-e-treat analysis inā e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻeha a me ka hana kino ma hope o ka mālama ʻana [6].
3. Ka hopena i ka Sarcopenic Obesity i ka ʻelemakule
I ka poʻe ʻelemakule, hiki i ka oxytocin ke loaʻa ka hopena therapeutic i ka sarcopenic obesity. ʻO kahi hoʻāʻo ʻelua makapō, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial i hana ʻia ma luna o 21 poʻe ʻelemakule (67.5 ± 5.4 mau makahiki), obese (30 - 43 kg/m²), sedentary (emi iho ma mua o 2 mau hoʻomaʻamaʻa koʻikoʻi i kēlā me kēia pule), a me ka hele mālie (emi iho ma mua o 1m/s, ma ke ʻano he surrogate intranasal marker) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sarcopensal. (24IU, 4 manawa i ka lā no 8 pule) ua ʻae maikaʻi ʻia me ka ʻole o nā hanana ʻino. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻo Oxytocin i ka nui o ke kino lean holoʻokoʻa e 2.25kg, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka placebo (P <.01), a ua loaʻa ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka momona momona. Ua hoemi loa ia i ka plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol e -19.3mg/dL (P =.023). Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i ka helu helu kino, nā helu makemake, ka glucose koko, plasma high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, a i ʻole nā hōʻailona depressive [7].
4. Ka hopena i ka Migraine
Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina lapaʻau hou he hopena pale ka oxytocin i ka migraines a me ke poʻo. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hōʻike nui ʻia ka oxytocin receptor (OTR) i ka ʻōnaehana trigeminovascular o nā ʻiole. Ma ka trigeminal ganglion (TG), ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo o ka OTR i ka hapa nui o nā neurons sensory A-delta a me nā fibers. Hōʻike pū ʻia ʻo OTR i loko o ka nucleus caudal o ke aʻalolo trigeminal, ʻo ia ke kikowaena kikowaena o TG afferent fibers. ʻO kahi helu liʻiliʻi o C fiber sensory neurons ma TG e hōʻike i ka OTR a hui pū me ka neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka oxytocin i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka potassium ion-induced o CGRP mai ka TG a i ʻole TG afferent fibers i ka dura mater. I loko o ka vitro, ʻo kahi pahuhopu TG peripheral ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka cranial artery, ʻaelike i ka pane ʻana i ka oxytocin, a hiki ke pale ʻia kēia pane e ka OTR antagonist L368899. Loaʻa ka oxytocin immunoreactivity i loko o TG satellite glial cell, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka oxytocin mRNA ma TG. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka holo ʻana o ka oxytocin i nā OTR i TG, a laila e hoʻopili ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻeha [4].
5. Nā hopena ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka hana huna
Hōʻike ka Oxytocin (OT) i nā hopena he nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka motility gastrointestinal a me nā hana huna. Hōʻike ka noiʻi hiki i ka OT ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka antitumor drug vincristine (VCR), me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana o ka gastrointestinal transit a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka pane ʻana o nā ʻāpana kolonā i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke kahua uila. Hiki i ka exogenous OT pretreatment ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale ʻana i ka motility gastrointestinal e VCR a me ka pōʻino i nā neurons myenteric. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka OT ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka motility gastrointestinal. Ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hypothalamic-vagal oxytocinergic neural circuit, hiki iā ia ke pale i ka hoʻoluhi ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me nā pilikia motility, a hoʻonui i ka leo a me ka motility [8] . Ma ke ʻano o ka peristalsis intestinal, ʻo ka hōʻailona OT / OTR he hopena hoʻoponopono i ka peristalsis intestinal. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka manawa hele o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻiole OTR knockout (OTRKO) ma mua o ko nā ʻiole ʻano hihiu, a hiki i ka OT ke kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū (ENS) hilinaʻi colonic migrating motor complex i hana ʻia in vitro [9] . Ma keʻano o nā hana huna o ka'ōpū, hoʻoponoponoʻo OT i ka mucosal permeability intestinal a me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka cell, he kuleana i ka mālamaʻana i ka mucosa intestinal, a he hopena pale i ka colitis [9] . Hōʻike kēia mau hopena noiʻi he mea koʻikoʻi ka hōʻailona OT / OTR i nā hana like ʻole o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, me ka motility gastrointestinal, nā hana huna, a me ka pale mucosal.
I ka hopena, Oxytocin paipai i ka contraction o ka uterine laumania 'iʻo a me ka huna ana o ka waiū mai ka mammary glands i loko o ka reproductive nenoaiu, a ma ka ia manawa regulates ka nohona pili, manaʻo, a me ka stress pane i loko o ka'ōnaehana nenoaiu. Eia kekahi, hoʻoponopono pū ka oxytocin i ka motility gastrointestinal a me nā hana huna, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻōpū i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā lāʻau lapaʻau chemotherapy, hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpū, pale i ka huna ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a he hopena pale i ka maʻi ʻeha a me ka colitis. ʻO kāna multifunctionality e loaʻa iā ia nā noi koʻikoʻi i ka hana hou ʻana, ka metabolism.
No ka mea kakau
ʻO nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ua noiʻi ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e Cocer Peptides.
Mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema
He kanaka noiʻi ʻo Yang L me Huazhong University of Science & Technology. ʻO kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā wahi koʻikoʻi e like me Neurosciences & Neurology, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Research & Experimental Medicine, Oncology, a me Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Ua hāʻawi nui ʻo ia i kēia mau hana ma o kāna mau hana hoʻonaʻauao a noiʻi. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Yang L ma ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi [3].
