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1 ngwa (10 Vials)
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▎ Ọdịdị Oxytocin
Isi mmalite: PubChem |
Usoro: CYIQNCPLG Ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ: C 43H 66N 12O 12S2 Arọ Molecular: 1007.2 g/mol Nọmba CAS: 50-56-6 PubChem CID: 439302 Nkọwa okwu: Endopituitrina |
▎ Nyocha Oxytocin
Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke Oxytocin?
Nlebanya mbụ nke ihe gbasara mmeputakwa:
N'oge ochie, ndị mmadụ chọpụtara na akpanwa nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agbakọ mgbe niile n'oge ọmụmụ nwa, na nkwekọrịta a dị oke mkpa maka ịmụ nwa. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ahụ, amabeghị ihe ihe na-eme ka nkwekọrịta a dị. Site na mmepe nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ndị mmadụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite inyocha usoro ọmụmụ physiological metụtara ọmụmụ na ịmụ nwa, na-atọ ntọala maka nchọpụta oxytocin.
Nlele anụmanụ na nchọpụta mbido:
N'afọ 1906, ọkà mmụta sayensị Britain bụ Henry Hallett Dale, mgbe ọ na-amụ gbasara ọmụmụ physiology nke ụmụ anụmanụ, chọpụtara na mpụta pituitary nwere ike ime ka mkpụkọ nke uru ahụ dị nro nke akpanwa. Nchọpụta a malitere nyocha nke omimi banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti gland pituitary na physiology ọmụmụ. N'ikpeazụ, site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke nnwale, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kpebisiri ike na e nwere ihe ụfọdụ dị na pituitary gland nke nwere mmetụta nke ịkwalite nkwụsị nke akpanwa na mmiri ara ehi site na mammary glands.
Kewapụ na Ịkpọ aha:
Na 1953, Vincent du Vigneaud nwere ihe ịga nke ọma kewapụrụ oxytocin n'azụ pituitary lobe nke ehi wee kpebie usoro kemịkal ya, nke bụ polypeptide nke nwere amino acid 9 mejupụtara. Enyere ya ihe nrite Nobel na Chemistry na 1955 maka onyinye ya pụtara ìhè na ngalaba biochemistry, ọkachasị ihe ọ rụzuru na nyocha nke homonụ peptide. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-amata oxytocin dị ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, na ebe a na-amatakwa nke ọma dị ka lobe pituitary nke dị n'azụ.
Nchọpụta n'ọkwa Gene:
Site na mmepe nke usoro ihe omimi ihe omimi, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị amụbawokwa usoro isi mmalite nke oxytocin n'ime omimi. Achọpụtara na oxytocin na-emepụta neurons na paraventricular nucleus na supraoptic nucleus nke hypothalamus. Neuron ndị a na-emepụta oxytocin precursor site na usoro nke nsụgharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na nsụgharị, ma mgbe usoro nhazi na mgbanwe gasịrị, a na-emepụta oxytocin bioactive. Mgbe njikọ ahụ gasịrị, a na-ebuga oxytocin tinyere axon nke neurons na neurohypophysis (pituitary lobe posterior) maka nchekwa. Mgbe ahụ chọrọ ya, a ga-ahapụ ya n'ime ọbara iji mee mmetụta anụ ahụ ya.
Gịnị bụ usoro nke Oxytocin?
1. Usoro nke ime ihe gbasara ịmụ nwa na mgbochi akpanwa
Iwu nnabata:
Onye na-anabata oxytocin (OTR) bụ nke rhodopsin-ụdị (Klas 1) superfamily nke G protein-coupled receptors [1] . N'oge ime ime na ịmụ nwa, mgbanwe na nkwupụta ndị na-anabata ya, nkwụsịtụ, na mkpokọta oxytocin mpaghara ga-edozi ọrụ ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge a na-amụ nwa, mmụba nke ọkwa oxytocin endogenous ga-eme ka nkwupụta nke ndị na-anabata oxytocin dịkwuo elu, si otú ahụ na-eme ka mmetụta nke myometrium dịkwuo elu na oxytocin.
Usoro nke Calcium ion:
Mgbe a na-eme ka onye na-anabata ya rụọ ọrụ, a ga-eme ka usoro ihe mgbaàmà na-akpali akpali nke akpanwa, karịsịa site n'ịba ụba calcium ion intracellular (Ca⊃2;⁺) ntinye uche [1] . Nke a gụnyere ntọhapụ ụlọ ahịa calcium inositol-tris-phosphate mediated, Ca⊃2 na-arụ ụlọ ahịa; Mgbanwe ndị a na ion calcium ga-eme ka mkpụkọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ myometrial, si otú a na-eme ka nnyefe nke nwa ebu n'afọ.
2. Usoro nke Action on Social Behavior
Iwu Neural:
Oxytocin na-emepụtakarị site na hypothalamus ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na omume mmekọrịta nke mammals, gụnyere omume nne na nna, nhazi nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na njikwa ahụmahụ na nzaghachi nrụgide [2] . Ọ na-anabata ndị na-akpata nchekasị ma na-ekere òkè na nhazi nke usoro nhụjuanya nke etiti na nke autonomic, gụnyere mmetụta na ọrụ mgbochi na ọrịa obi. Ugbu a, a kwenyere na oxytocin nwere ike imetụta omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site n'ịchịkwa sekit akwara na ụbụrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na usoro nke ịmepụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, oxytocin nwere ike ịkwalite ọrụ nke neurons na mpaghara ụbụrụ ụfọdụ, na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi dịkwuo elu na mmetụta nke ịbịaru ndị ọzọ nso.
3. Usoro nke ime ihe na Analgesia
Iwu Usoro Usoro Ahụ:
Oxytocin nwere ike belata esemokwu na mgbu na-enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ ndị ọzọ [3] . Nnyocha ndị dị ugbu a na-egosi na oxytocin nwere ike ịmepụta mmetụta analgesic ya site n'ịhazi ụzọ ihe mgbu na usoro ụjọ ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike igbochi nnyefe nke mgbaàmà mgbu ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa ọrụ mpaghara na ụbụrụ metụtara nghọta mgbu na nzaghachi mmetụta uche.
4. Usoro nke ime ihe na Migraine
Okwu nnabata na ọrụ:
N'ime ọmụmụ banyere migraine, a chọpụtara na oxytocin receptor (OTR) na-egosipụta nke ọma na usoro trigeminovascular nke oke [4] . Karịsịa na trigeminal ganglion, OTR na-egosipụtakarị na Aδ sensory neurons na fibers, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke OTR na C fiber sensory neurons na-ejikọta peptide na-ejikọta calcitonin (CGRP). A na-egosipụtakwa OTR na caudal nucleus nke akwara trigeminal. Otú ọ dị, oxytocin enweghị mmetụta na ntọhapụ nke potassium ion nke CGRP sitere na trigeminal ganglia dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụ trigeminal ganglion afferent fibers na dura mater.
Omume akwara:
Mgbochi akwara cranial dị n'akụkụ na-azaghachi na oxytocin in vitro, na nzaghachi a nwere ike igbochi OTR antagonist L368899. Na mgbakwunye, achọtara immunoreactivity oxytocin na sel glial satịlaịtị nke trigeminal ganglion, mana achọpụtaghị oxytocin mRNA na trigeminal ganglion. Ya mere, oxytocin na-ekesa nwere ike imetụta nduzi mgbu site n'ime ihe OTR na trigeminal ganglion, nke nwere ike inye aka kọwaa mmetụta nke hormones na migraines ma nye ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọhụrụ maka ọgwụgwọ [4]..
Isi mmalite: PubMed [3]
Kedu ihe bụ ngwa Oxytocin?
1. Ngwa na Obstetrics
Ịkwalite ịmụ nwa:
Na obstetrics, enwere ike iji oxytocin mee ka nkwonkwo uterine sie ike ma kwalite ịmụ nwa. Maka ụfọdụ parturients nwere uterine atony, exogenous oxytocin nwere ike inye aka nweta nnyefe nke ọma nke ikpu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ akụkụ nwere ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, dị ka nne na-enwe preeclampsia, ọrịa shuga ime ime, mgbawa nke membranes, mkpa ọ dị ịkpali ọrụ mgbe akpanwa adịghị arụ ọrụ, na ime ọpụpụ na-apụghị izere ezere ma ọ bụ ezughị ezu n'ime ọnwa nke abụọ, a kwadoro oxytocin maka iji nwa ebu n'afọ site na US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [5].
2. Ọgwụgwọ mgbu na-adịghị ala ala
Maka ndị okenye nwere ọrịa neuropathic na-adịghị ala ala, pelvic, na musculoskeletal, nchịkwa intranasal nke oxytocin nwere ike inwe mmetụta ụfọdụ n'ịkwalite mgbu na ọrụ. N'ime ebe a na-achịkwa ebebo, okpukpu atọ-ìsì, usoro, n'ime isiokwu crossover ikpe, ndị ọrịa na-enye onwe ha ọgwụ atọ dị iche iche nke oxytocin nasal spray (24IU, 48IU, na placebo) ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị maka izu abụọ. Nsonaazụ bụ isi gụnyere mgbu na nnyonye anya metụtara mgbu, na nsonaazụ nke abụọ gụnyere ọrụ mmetụta uche, nsogbu ihi ụra, na echiche zuru oke nke mgbanwe. Ntụle ebumnuche-ịgwọta ga-enyocha ma mgbu na arụ ọrụ anụ ahụ ga-akawanye mma mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị [6].
3. Mmetụta na Sarcopenic oke ibu na ndị agadi
N'ime ndị agadi, oxytocin nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na oke ibu nke sarcopenic. A na-eme nyocha abụọ nke kpuru ìsì, ebe a na-achịkwa ebebo na ndị okenye 21 (67.5 ± 5.4 afọ), oke ibu (30 - 43 kg / m²), ịnọrọ ala (ihe na-erughị 2 mgbatị ahụ siri ike kwa izu), na iji nwayọọ nwayọọ (ihe na-erughị 1m / s, dị ka akara nchịkwa nke incopenia 2). 4 ugboro n'ụbọchị maka izu 8) anabatara nke ọma n'enweghị ihe omume ọjọọ ọ bụla. Oxytocin ji 2.25kg mụbaa n'ime ahụ dum, na-egosi nnukwu ọdịiche ma e jiri ya tụnyere placebo (P <.01), ma nwee usoro nke ibelata oke abụba. Ọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu na plasma ọbara lipoprotein cholesterol dị ala site na -19.3mg/dL (P = .023). Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na nchịkọta anụ ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ agụụ, glucose ọbara, plasma high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaàmà ịda mbà n'obi [7]..
4. Mmetụta na Migraine
Nnyocha ụlọ ọgwụ na nso nso a achọpụtala na oxytocin nwere mmetụta mgbochi na migraines na isi ọwụwa. Nnyocha egosiwo na a na-egosipụta oxytocin receptor (OTR) na usoro trigeminovascular nke oke. N'ime ganglion trigeminal (TG), a chọtara okwu OTR karịsịa n'ọtụtụ neurons sensory A-delta na eriri. A na-egosipụtakwa OTR na caudal nucleus nke irighiri akwara trigeminal, nke bụ ebumnuche etiti nke TG afferent fibers. Obere ọnụọgụ C fiber sensory neurons dị na TG na-ekwupụta OTR wee jikọta peptide nke metụtara mkpụrụ ndụ neuropeptide calcitonin (CGRP). Otú ọ dị, oxytocin enweghị mmetụta na ntọhapụ nke potassium ion nke CGRP sitere na TG ma ọ bụ TG afferent fibers dịpụrụ adịpụ na dura mater. Na vitro, ebumnuche TG ọzọ dị n'akụkụ, akwara cranial, na-eme nkwekọrịta na nzaghachi oxytocin, na nzaghachi nke OTR antagonist L368899 nwere ike igbochi ya. Ahụrụ immunoreactivity oxytocin na sel glial satịlaịtị TG, mana achọpụtaghị oxytocin mRNA na TG. Ya mere, oxytocin na-ekesa nwere ike ime ihe na OTR na TG, si otú ahụ na-emetụta nnyefe mgbu [4]..
5. Mmetụta na Motility Gastrointestinal na Ọrụ Nzuzo
Oxytocin (OT) na-egosi ọtụtụ mmetụta ndị nwere ike ime n'ịhazi motility eriri afọ na ọrụ nzuzo. Nnyocha na-egosi na OT nwere ike imeziwanye nsogbu nke motility eriri afọ nke ọgwụ antitumor vincristine (VCR) kpatara, gụnyere nkwụsị eriri afọ na-ebelata nzaghachi nke akụkụ eriri afọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na mkpali ọkụ eletrik. Usoro ọgwụgwọ OT dịpụrụ adịpụ nwere ike imeziwanye mgbochi nke motility eriri afọ site na VCR na mmebi nke neurons myenteric. Na mgbakwunye, OT nwekwara ike ịhazi mkpofu gastric na motility eriri afọ. Site n'ịgbalite ikuku nke hypothalamic-vagal oxytocinergic neural circuit, ọ nwere ike igbochi nrụgide na-egbu oge na-egbu oge na-egbu oge na nsogbu motility, ma na-amụba ụda gastric na motility [8] . N'ihe gbasara peristalsis intestinal, akara OT/OTR nwere mmetụta nchịkwa na peristalsis intestinal. Oge transit nke eriri afọ nke ụmụ oke OTR knockout (OTRKO) dị ngwa ngwa karịa nke ụdị oke ọhịa, na OT nwere ike igbochi usoro ụjọ ahụ (ENS) -based colonic migrating moto complex nke na-emepụta na vitro [9] . N'ihe gbasara ọrụ nzuzo nke eriri afọ, OT na-achịkwa permeability mucosal intestinal na mmụba cell, na-ekere òkè n'ịkwado mucosa intestinal, ma nwee mmetụta nchebe na colitis [9] . Nsonaazụ nyocha ndị a na-egosi na akara ngosi OT / OTR na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ dị iche iche nke eriri afọ eriri afọ, gụnyere mmegharị nke eriri afọ, ọrụ nzuzo, na nchebe mucosal.
N'ikpeazụ, Oxytocin na-akwalite mkpụkọ nke akwara uterine dị nro na nzuzo nke mmiri ara ehi site na gland mammary na usoro ọmụmụ, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-achịkwa omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, mmetụta uche, na nzaghachi nrụgide na usoro ụjọ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, oxytocin na-achịkwakwa mmegharị nke eriri afọ na ọrụ nzuzo, na-eme ka nsogbu nke motility nke eriri afọ na-akpata site na ọgwụ chemotherapy, na-akwalite nsị gastric, na-egbochi nsị acid gastric, ma nwee mmetụta nchebe na ọnyá afọ na colitis. Multifunctionality ya na-eme ka ọ nwee ngwa dị mkpa na mmepụta, metabolism.
Banyere Onye dere ya
Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.
Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị
Yang L bụ onye nyocha metụtara Huazhong University of Science & Technology. Nchọpụta ya gbasara ọtụtụ mpaghara isi gụnyere Neurosciences & Neurology, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Research & Experimental Medicine, Oncology, na Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. O meela nnukwu enyemaka na ngalaba ndị a site na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha. Edepụtara Yang L na ntụaka nke ntụaka [3].
