1kits(10Fiyɛliw) .
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▎ KPV ye mun ye?
KPV ye pepitiri yɔrɔ ye min bɛ sɔrɔ a yɛrɛ la, min bɛ ni ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo caman ye. A bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ kosɛbɛ funu kɛlɛli siratigɛ la. Ni a bɛ farikolo tangacogo ɲɛnabɔ, a bɛ funu nɔgɔya, o min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ banaw furakɛli la i n’a fɔ banakɔtaa funu. O waati kelen na, KPV bɛ banakisɛfagalanw kɛlɛ i n’a fɔ Staphylococcus aureus ani Candida albicans, o bɛ dɛmɛ ka banakisɛw dɔgɔya. Ka fara o kan, a bɛ se ka joginda kɛnɛyali teliya, ka farikolo yɔrɔw dilancogo ɲɛ, ka fari kɛnɛya sabati ɲɛgɛnw dilanni siratigɛ la. KPV bɛ ni ji wulicogo ɲuman ye ani a bɛ se ka kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamaw ye. A tɛna farikolo tangacogo dɔ bila mɔgɔ la, wa a bɛ se ka tiɲɛ a yɛrɛ la farikolo la, anzimuw ka baara fɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka lakana hakɛ caman sɔrɔ. A ka baarakɛcogo caman b’a to a bɛ se ka baara kɛ cogo caman na baara caman na, i n’a fɔ furakɛli, ɲɛgɛnw dilanni ani biyomateriyali.
▎ TKPV ka sigicogo
Sɔrɔyɔrɔ:PubChem |
IUPAC Kɔrɔlen:H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH Formula molekilɛri: C 16H 30N 4O4 Molecules girinya: 342,43g/mol CAS nimɔrɔ: 67727-97-3 PubChem ka CID: 125672. Bamako, Mali Kɔrɔɲɔgɔnmaw: Msh (11-13);alfa-Msh (11-13);ACTH-(11-13) |
▎ KPV Sɛgɛsɛgɛli
KPV ka ɲininiw kɛcogo ye mun ye?
KPV ye tripeptide ye min bɛ sɔrɔ α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) la. α-MSH ye polipɛtidi ɔrimɔni ye min bɛ baara caman kɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na, a jɔyɔrɔ ka bon fari ɲɛciw labɛnni na, farikolo tangacogo ɲɛnabɔli la, ani fɛn wɛrɛw la. α-MSH hukumu kɔnɔ, KPV bɔra ɲɔgɔn na, ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ kosɛbɛ. Hali ni ɲɛtaa dɔw kɛra furakɛli siratigɛ la nin san laban ninnu na, banakɔtaa funu (IBD) furakɛli suguyaw tɛ mɔgɔ wasa hali bi, wa opereli hakɛ bɛ to ka caya. O la, furakɛli fɛɛrɛ kuraw ni nafamaw sɔrɔli kɛra baara kɔrɔtɔlen ye. IBD ye kɔnɔboli jugumanba ye, Crohn ka bana, a ɲɔgɔnnaw, minnu bɛ sɔrɔ banakɔtaa funu basigilen fɛ, wa u bɛ nɔba bila banabagatɔw ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo la. Sisan furakɛli fɛɛrɛw ye fura tali ni opereli ye, nka dan dɔw bɛ u fila bɛɛ la. San laban ninnu na, melanokɔrini pepitiriw i n’a fɔ α-MSH, olu ka banakisɛfagalanw ɲɛfɔra dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) koloci la sosow la. O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka KPV ka banakisɛfagalanw sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ. α-MSH ka baara bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ farikolo tangacogo ani funu nɔgɔyali, wa tripeptide KPV min bɛ bɔ a la, o fana jatera ko a bɛ se ka kɛ ko a bɛ ni funu kɛlɛli seko kelenw ye.
KPV ka baarakɛcogo ye mun ye?
Baarakɛcogo min bɛ kɛ kɔnɔbara basigilen na
Ka sabatili ni ɲɛgɛnɛsira tali nɔgɔya ɲɛ:
KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) ye tripeptide ye min bɛ bɔ α-MSH (α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) la, wa a bɛ se ka banakisɛfagalanw kɛlɛ. Nka, KPV furaji tɛ sabati kosɛbɛ ɲɛgɛnɛsira tali waati, o bɛ nɔ bila a furakɛli nɔ na. Nin ɲinini in kɔnɔ, asidi γ-polyglutamic (SH-PGA) min sɔgɔlen don ni sistɛamini ye, o kɛra ni sistɛyamini ni γ-PGA ka karɔkisili kulu faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan. K’a sɔrɔ u ma baara kɛ ni ɲɔgɔndanfɛn ye, polimɛri hakɛ 4% SH-PGA hidrojɛli dɔ kɛra sulfhydryl kuluw yɛrɛ sirili fɛ. KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli ye modulu elastiki (G’) jira min ka bon ni modulu viskose (G'') ye min bɛ bɛn o ma 0,01-10 Hz la, o bɛ masin sabatili ɲuman jira ani ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ kɛcogo ɲuman jira, o min nafa ka bon ɲɛgɛnɛsira tali la. O waati kelen na, KPV sabatili SH-PGA hidrojɛli kɔnɔ, o cayara kosɛbɛ. KPV 30% dɔrɔn de bɔra KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli la miniti 20 kɔnɔ, o kɔfɛ, bɔli kɛcogo bɛ to sen na [1]..
Kɔnɔboli taamasiɲɛw nɔgɔyali:
Kɔrɔbɔliw kɛra sosow kan minnu bɛ ni kɔnɔboli ye min bɛ sɔrɔ asidi sulfoniki 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNBS) fɛ, KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli ka furakɛli nɔ min bɛ bonya kɔnɔboli kan, o dafara. KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli tali kɔfɛ kɔnɔbara la, kɔnɔboli taamasiɲɛ minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ farikolo girinya dɔgɔyali ani banaw baarakɛcogo jiralanw, olu nɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ. Ka fara o kan, furakɛli ni KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli ye, o ye kolotuguda surunyali bali sosow la minnu pikirila ni TNBS ye ani ka kolotuguda miyɛlopɛrokisidazi hakɛ dɔgɔya. Furakɛli kɔfɛ ni KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli ye, kolotuguda cogoya seginna, i n’a fɔ epiteliyali barika, kriptiw ani goblɛti selilɛriw minnu ma tiɲɛ. O waati kelen na, KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli ye dɔ bɔ banakisɛfagalanw jirali la i n’a fɔ tumor necrosis factor α ani interleukin 6 [1]..
Baara kɛcogo banakɔtaa funubanakisɛw ka misaliw la sosow la
DSS kɔnɔboli misali : DSS kɔnɔboli misali la, furakɛli ni KPV ye, o kɛra sababu ye ka a kɛnɛya joona ani ka a girinya kɛnɛyali bonya kosɛbɛ. Farikoloɲɛnajɛ siratigɛ la, funu doncogo sogo minnu furakɛra ni KPV ye, olu dɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ, o min tiɲɛna ni miyɛlopɛrokisidazi (MPO) baara dɔgɔyali ye kosɛbɛ kolotuguda la KPV furakɛli kɔfɛ.
CD45RB (hi) jiginni kɔlɔlɔ modɛli:
Ka dɛmɛ don nin sɔrɔlen ninnu na, KPV furakɛli kɛra kɔnɔbara basigilen jiginni na o kɛra sababu ye ka banaw kɛnɛya, ka girinya kɛnɛya, ani ka dɔ bɔ funu caman yeli la ka bɔ farikolo yɔrɔw la, .
MC1Re/e sosɛti modɛli:
Sogo minnu bɛ melanocortin-1 minɛbaga baarakɛbali jira (MC1Re/e), KPV furakɛli ye bagan bɛɛ kisi furakɛli kulu kɔnɔ ka bɔ saya la DSS kɔnɔboli waati. O b’a jira ko a bɛ iko KPV ka banakisɛfagalanw nɔ bɛ bɔ MC1R taamasiɲɛw la a dɔgɔyalenba la [2] ..
Baarakɛcogo min bɛ kɛ fogonfogon la epiteliyali selilɛri funu na
I nhibiting NF-κB taamasiɲɛw:
Adamadenw ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ farikolokisɛw la minnu ma sa, pepitiri KPV ni melanokɔrini ni fiɲɛbɔlan agoniste α-MSH (MC3R) ye NF-κB taamasiɲɛw bali ni p65RelA nukilila donni bali ye ani ka epiteliyali MC3R baara, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, KPV nɔ bɛ tali kɛ a nukilila doncogo la, o min bɛ se ka p65RelA nukilila jiginni bali min taamasiyɛn kɛra ni YFP ye. O waati kelen na, KPV ni Imp-α/β siriyɔrɔw bɛ p65RelA kan, a bɛ se ka kɛ ko o bɛ tali kɛ importin-α armadillo domaines 7 ani 8 balili la [3]..
Baara kɛcogo da kɔnɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ chimiothérapie fɛ
Banakisɛfagalanw, banakisɛfagalanw ani dilancogo nɔw:
Ni baara kɛra ni PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PPP) ye min bɛ funteni jateminɛ i n’a fɔ matiriyali ani epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) ni banakisɛfagalanw ka baarakɛcogo danma ye i n’a fɔ nɔrɔli sabatili, o la, in-situ mucosal adhesive hydrogel (PPP_E) labɛnna ka ɲɛ. Tripeptide KPV wulila PPP_2% E ɲɛbilaji nɛnɛman na ka kɛ fura misali ye walasa ka KPV@PPP_2% E hidrojɛli labɛn. KPV ka banakisɛfagalanw ka baara ani se ka kɛ sababu ye ka selilɛriw ka jiginni sabati PPP-2% E hidrojɛli kɔnɔ, o maralen don koɲuman. Ka fara o kan, KPV@PPP_2% E ye banakisɛfagalan barikama kɛ Staphylococcus aureus la. Ni KPV@PPP_2% E hidrojɛli kɛra sosow ka dawololabanaw la minnu bɛ sɔrɔ chimiothérapie fɛ, a bɛ se ka wuli joona ka kɛ hidrojɛli ye ka nɔrɔ joginda sanfɛ fo lɛri 7, o bɛ sosow ka dumuni dunta ni u girinya seginni ɲɛ kosɛbɛ. O waati kelen na, ka CK10 ni PCNA jirali sabati, KPV@PPP_E hidrojɛli fana ye ɲɛgɛnɛsiralabanaw farikolo cogoya dilan ka ɲɛ. Ka fara o kan, KPV@PPP_2% E hidrojɛli ye funu sitokiniw bali kosɛbɛ i n’a fɔ IL-1β ni TNF-α, ani o waati kelen na, a ye IL-10 wuli ka taa sanfɛ.

Soso:PubMed [5] Ɲɛjirali dɔw.
KPV furaw tali kɛnɛyaso la, olu ye mun ye?
Kɔnɔnatumuw furakɛli
A tali ni hidrojɛli ye min bɛ a yɛrɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ:
Kalan dɔ la, asidi γ-polyglutamic (SH-PGA) min sirilen don ni sistɛamini ye, o kɛra ka kɛ hidrojɛli ye walasa ka tripeptide KPV sabati [1] . KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli ye furakɛli nɔ ɲumanw jira sosow ka misali la, min bɛ sɔrɔ kɔnɔboli 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) fɛ. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, ɲɛgɛnɛsira tali kɔfɛ, kɔnɔboli taamasiɲɛw i n’a fɔ farikolo girinya dɔgɔyali ani bana baarakɛcogo jiralanw, olu nɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ, wa a tun bɛ se fana ka kolotuguda surunyali bali sosow la minnu pikirila ni TNBS ye ani ka kolotuguda miyɛlopɛrokisidazi hakɛ dɔgɔya. O waati kelen na, kolotuguda cogoya, i n’a fɔ epiteliyali barikalan, kriptiw, ani goblɛti selilɛriw minnu ma tiɲɛ, olu seginna a cogo kɔrɔ la furakɛli kɔfɛ ni KPV/SH-PGA hidrojɛli ye, wa hidrojɛli fana ye dɔ bɔ sitokiniw jirali la minnu bɛ funu dɛmɛ i n’a fɔ tumor necrosis factor α ani interleukin 6.
A tali ni hidrojɛli ye min bɛ kɛ ni rezo fila ye:
Kalan wɛrɛ ye hidrojɛli fila-fila (PMSP) dilan min dilannen don ni asidi γ-polyglutamic maleated ni asidi γ-polyglutamic tiolé ye tiyoli-maleimide cross-linking ni tiyoliw yɛrɛ- oksidan fɛ Nin hidrojɛli in bɛ se ka nɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ɲɛgɛnɛsira funulen na sanni ka nɔrɔ ɲɛgɛnɛ kɛnɛman na, wa a fanga ka ɲi masin na ani a bɛ nɔrɔ biologiki la. KPV, n’o ye fura misali ye, o bɛ minɛ nɔgɔya la PMSP fɛ ni kuran ye, o la, a bɛ a ka ɲɛnamaya baara sabati waati jan kɔnɔ funteni caman na. TNBS ye kɔnɔboli sɔrɔ sogow la, PMSP-KPV tali kɔ kɔnɔbara la, KPV ka nɔgɔya nɔ min bɛ kɔnɔboli la, o ɲɛnabɔra kosɛbɛ, wa kɔnɔbara basigilen barika seginna ka ɲɛ. Ka fara o kan, PMSP-KPV fana ye banakɔtaa falenfɛnw ɲɛnabɔ ani ka dɔ fara kosɛbɛ fɛnɲɛnama misɛnnin nafamaw caya kan banakɔtaa kɔnɔ.
Ni da kɔnɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ chimiothérapie fɛ
In-situ mucosal adhesive hydrogel (PPP_E) labɛnna ni PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PPP) ye min bɛ funteni jateminɛ i n’a fɔ matiriyali ani epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) ka kɛ nɔrɔli ye sabatili Tripeptide KPV kɛra PPP_2% E ɲɛbilaji nɛnɛman na ka kɛ fura misali ye walasa ka KPV@PPP_2% E hidrojɛli labɛn. Nin hidrojɛli in bɛ se ka funu, banakisɛfagalanw ani dilancogo kɛ da kɔnɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ la min bɛ sɔrɔ chimiothérapie fɛ. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, a bɛ se ka KPV ka funu kɛlɛli baara sabati ani ka se ka farikolokisɛw ka jiginni sabati, wa a bɛ banakisɛfagalanw fanga bonya Staphylococcus aureus ma. Da kɔnɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ bɛ sɔrɔ sosow la minnu bɛ sɔrɔ chimiothérapie fɛ, o kɛlen kɔfɛ, PPP_2% E ɲɛbilaji bɛ wuli joona ka kɛ hidrojɛli ye, ka nɔrɔ joginda sanfɛ fo lɛri 7. Furakɛli ni KPV@PPP_2% E hidrojɛli ye, o ye sosow ka dumuni dunta ni u girinya seginni ɲɛ kosɛbɛ, ka CK10 ni PCNA jirali sabati, ka ɲɛgɛnɛsiralabanaw farikolo yɔrɔw cogoya dilan ka ɲɛ, ani o waati kelen na, a ye funu sitokiniw bali kosɛbɛ i n’a fɔ IL-1β ni TNF-α, ka IL-10 jirali bonya. Nin hidrojɛli in bɛ banakisɛfagalanw fana kɛ ɲɛgɛnɛsira joginda la minnu bɛ sɔrɔ ni Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ye min bɛ se ka mɛtisilini kɛlɛ, wa a bɛ funubanakisɛw doncogo bali kosɛbɛ ɲɛgɛnɛsira la.
Banakɔtaa funu furakɛli
Kalan dɔw y’a jira ko KPV bɛ se ka kɛ banakɔtaa furakɛcogo kura ye (IBD) [6] . Adamadenw ka banakɔtaa ɲɛgɛnɛsiraw la (Caco2-BBE ani HT29-Cl.19A) ani hadamadenw ka T selilɛriw (Jurkat), lawulili kɔfɛ ni sitokiniw ye minnu bɛ funu dɛmɛ, KPV farali bɛ se ka NF-κB ni MAP kinase funu taamasiɲɛw siraw baara bali ani ka dɔ bɔ sitokiniw bɔli la minnu bɛ banakisɛw bɔ. Nin ɲinini in y’a jira ko KPV bɛ baara kɛ hPepT1 fɛ min bɛ jira farikolo tangalanw ni banakɔtaa ɲɛgɛnɛsiraw la. Ka fara o kan, sosow ka kɔnɔboli misaliw la minnu bɛ sɔrɔ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) ni TNBS fɛ, KPV tali da la, o bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ sitokiniw jirali la minnu bɛ funu dɛmɛ ani kɔnɔboli sɔrɔli la.
Kuncɛli la, i n’a fɔ fɛn min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛnɲɛnamaw ye, KPV bɛ nafa kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jira bana suguya caman furakɛli la. Banakɔtaa funu siratigɛ la, a kɛra sosow ka misali kɔlɔsiliw la wo, a kɛra sosow ka misali kɛcogo dɔw ɲinini ye wo, KPV bɛ se ka funu doncogo dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ, ka farikolo yɔrɔw cogoya ɲɛ, ka sitokiniw jiracogo ɲɛnabɔ, ani ka funu kɛlɛli nɔba bila fɛɛrɛw fɛ i n’a fɔ PepT1 tali. Da kɔnɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ chimiothérapie fɛ, o furakɛli la, KPV bɛ sɔrɔ hidrojɛli la min labɛnna ni matiriyali kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye ani ni nɔrɔlikɛlan ye, o tɛ se k’a ka funu kɛlɛli ni selilɛriw ka jiginni sabatili baara sabati dɔrɔn, nka a bɛ se ka banakisɛfagalanw kɛlɛli seko barikama fana sɔrɔ, ka sosow ka taamasiɲɛw ɲɛ ka taa a fɛ kosɛbɛ ani ka farikolo yɔrɔw dilancogo sabati. Hali ni KPV tali kɛnɛyaso la sisan, o dan ye hali bi, ɲininiw jaabi minnu bɛ sen na, olu b’a furakɛli nafa jira ka ɲɛ. Don nataw la, ni ɲɛtaa bɛ se ka sɔrɔ ɲinini kunbabaw la furaw sabatili ni u dicogo ɲuman yiriwali kan, ka kɛnɛyaso taamasiɲɛw caya, ani ka kɛnɛyaso kɔlɔsili ni u ɲɛnabɔcogo barika bonya, a jirala ko KPV bɛna na ni furakɛli suguya ɲumanw ni nafama caman ye banabagatɔ caman bolo ani ka jɔyɔrɔba ta kɛnɛyaso furakɛli la.
A sɛbɛnbaga ko la
Fɛn minnu kofɔlen dòn san fɛ, olu bɛɛ ɲinini Kɛra, k’u Labɛn ani k’u Lajɛ Cocer Peptides fɛ.
Dɔnniya gafe sɛbɛnbaga
Dalmasso G ye ɲininikɛla ye furakɛli siratigɛ la, a ka ɲininiw ɲɛsinnen bɛ furakɛli, biyokimisi, ani jamu ma, ani yɔrɔ wɛrɛw. A ye baara kɛ kalanso tɔgɔba caman na, i n’a fɔ Iniwɛrisite Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CHU Clermont Ferrand, INRAE, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Clermont Univ, Georgia Etazini Iniwɛrisite, Emory Iniwɛrisite, Iniwɛrisite Cote d’Azur, ani Universidad Nacional Rio Cuarto. O baarada ninnu tɔgɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ u ka baarakɛyɔrɔw la, wa Dalmasso G ka jɛkafɔ n’u ye, o kɛra sababu ye ka dɔnniyaw yiriwa minnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na. A ka ɲininiw kɛlenw bɛ se ka kɛ nafamaba ye furakɛli dɔnniya yiriwali la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la bana furakɛli kɔlɔlɔw ni banabagatɔw ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo ɲɛnabɔli la. Dalmasso G tɔgɔ sɛbɛnnen bɛ citation (citation) ɲɛfɔli sɛbɛn kɔnɔ [6].
▎ Sɛbɛn minnu bɛ tali kɛ o la
[1] Sun J, Xue P, Liu J, ani mɔgɔ wɛrɛw. Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted γ-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV walasa ka TNBS-induite Colite Ulcératif nɔgɔya sosow la[J]. Acs Biomaterials dɔnniya ni Ɛntɛrinɛti, 2021,7(10):4859-4869.DOI:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00792.
[2] Konnengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, ani a ɲɔgɔnnaw. Tripeptide KPV min bɛ sɔrɔ melanocortin fɛ, o bɛ se ka banakisɛfagalanw kɛlɛ banakɔtaa funubanakisɛw ka sosow ka misaliw la[J]. Banakɔtaa funu, 2008,14(3):324-331.DOI:10.1002/ibd.20334.
[3] Land S C. Selilu ni sigida funu taamasiɲɛw balili hadamadenw ka fogonfogon la ni pepitiriw ye minnu bɛ tali kɛ melanokɔrini na: KPV baarakɛcogo ani jɔyɔrɔ min bɛ MC3R agonistew la. Duniya kɔnɔ farikoloɲɛnajɛ, banakisɛfagalanw ani furakɛlicogo gafe, 2012,4(2):59-73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22837805/ Kalanjɛ ni sɛbɛnni: kalanjɛ ni sɛbɛnni gafew.
[4] Shao W, Chen R, Lin G, ani mɔgɔ wɛrɛw. In situ mucoadhesive hydrogel capturing tripeptide KPV: a bɛ banakisɛfagalanw, banakisɛfagalanw ani a dilancogo nɔ da kɔnɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ chimiothérapie fɛ[J]. Biyomateriyali dɔnniya, 2021,10(1):227-242.DOI:10.1039/d1bm01466h.
[5] Zhao Y, Xue P, Lin G, ani mɔgɔ wɛrɛw. KPV-binding double-network hydrogel bɛ kɔnɔbara basigilen barika segin a cogo kɔrɔ la kolotuguda funulen na[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2022,143:233-252.DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.039. Bamako : DNAFLA, 2022.02.039.
[6] Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HTT, ani a ɲɔgɔnnaw. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV tali bɛ banakɔtaa funu dɔgɔya[J]. Kɔnɔbara basigilen, 2008,134(1):166-178.DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026.
BƐƐRƐ KUNNAFONIW NI FƐRƐW KUNNAFONIW BƐƐ MIN BƐ NI WEBSITE KAN NA, U BƐ KUNNAFONIW FƆLƆ DƆRƆN NI KALANSENW YE.
Fɛn minnu bɛ di nin siti in kan, olu dabɔra ɲininiw dɔrɔn kama in vitro. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli in vitro (latinkan na: *glasi kɔnɔ*, o kɔrɔ ye gilasi kɔnɔ) bɛ kɛ hadamaden farikolo kɔkan. Nin fura ninnu tɛ furaw ye, Ameriki ka dumuniko ni furako ɲɛmɔgɔso (FDA) ma sɔn u ma, wa u man kan ka kɛ ka furakɛli bana, bana walima bana si bali, k’a furakɛ, walima k’a furakɛ. A dagalen don kosɛbɛ sariya fɛ ka nin fɛn ninnu don hadamaden walima bagan farikolo la cogo o cogo.