GLP-1 20mg

▎ Enzimba ya GLP-1

▎ Okunoonyereza ku GLP-1

Ensibuko y’okunoonyereza ku GLP-1 eri etya?

Enkulaakulana ya GLP-1 yasibuka mu kunoonyereza ku bikolwa bya GLP-1 mu mubiri. Bannasayansi baaluŋŋamizibwa eddagala lya exendin-4 mu ntuuyo z’enzige okukola ekirungo kya GLP-1 receptor agonist eky’omulembe ogusooka. Okugoberera enkola y’obujjanjabi ekola okumala ebbanga eddene, GLP-1 yakolebwa okuyita mu kukyusa eddagala mu lujegere lwa GLP-1 peptide, nga kwongerako enjegere za asidi w’amasavu okwongera ku kitundu ky’obulamu bwayo. Okunoonyereza bwe kwagenda mu maaso, obusobozi bwayo mu kugejja n’okuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde z’emisuwa nakyo kyalabika.

Enkola ya GLP-1 ekola ki?

Okulungamya okufulumya insulini ne glucagon: 

Nga GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), GLP-1 esitula obutoffaali bwa β obw’olubuto okufulumya insulin ate nga eziyiza obutoffaali bwa α okufulumya glucagon. Oluvannyuma lw’okulya, emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi bwe girinnya, GLP-1 yeekwata ku bikwata GLP-1, n’ekola amakubo agalaga obubonero wansi okusikiriza obutoffaali bwa β okufulumya insulini, okutumbula okutwala n’okukozesa glucose mu mubiri, n’okukendeeza ku miwendo gya glucose mu musaayi. Nga eziyiza okufulumya glucagon n’okukendeeza ku glucose efuluma mu kibumba, eyongera okutebenkeza emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi. Mu mbeera z’omubiri eza bulijjo, omubiri gukuuma emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi nga tegukyukakyuka nga gutereeza bbalansi wakati wa insulini ne glucagon. GLP-1 ekoppa ebiva mu GLP-1, okulongoosa enkola eno ey’okulungamya ^[1,2]..

Ekifaananyi 1 Ebikosa GLP-1 ebikwata ku ssukaali n’omugejjo ^[3]..

Okuziyiza ensengekera ya gluconeogenesis mu kibumba: 

GLP-1 eziyiza enkola ya gluconeogenesis mu kibumba. Gluconeogenesis lye kkubo ekibumba mwe kikola glucose mu kiseera ky’okusiiba oba enjala, okukuuma glucose mu musaayi ng’atebenkedde nga glucose mu musaayi ali wansi. Naye mu mbeera z’obulwadde nga sukaali, gluconeogenesis eyinza okufuuka ekola ennyo, ekivaako glucose mu musaayi okulinnya. GLP-1 ekola ku makubo agakwatagana ag’obubonero okukendeeza ku kwolesebwa oba emirimu gy’enziyiza enkulu eza gluconeogenesis, bwe kityo n’ekendeeza ku kukola glucose mu kibumba n’okuyamba mu kufuga glucose mu musaayi ^[1]..

Ebikosa ssukaali ow’amaanyi n’okwagala okulya: 

GLP-1 erina ebikosa okulungamya ku sukaali ow’amaanyi n’okwagala okulya. Kikendeeza ku maanyi agayingira, ekiyinza okuba nga kikola ku busimu obw’omu makkati okufuga ebifo ebitereeza okwagala okulya, okuleeta okuwulira ng’ojjudde n’okukendeeza ku mmere gy’olya. Okugatta ku ekyo, GLP-1 erina akakwate katono ku nsaasaanya y’amaanyi, okusinga okutuuka ku kulungamya obuzito ng’eyita mu kukendeeza ku maanyi ge bakozesa, ekiyamba mu kugejja eri abalwadde abagejjulukuka. Mu kugezesebwa, abalwadde abakozesa GLP-1 batera okutegeeza nti okwagala okulya okukendeera n’okugejja oluvannyuma ^[1,4]..

Enkola eziyinza okukolebwa ku nkola y’emisuwa n’emisuwa: GLP-1 eyinza okukola ebirungi ku nkola y’emisuwa n’emisuwa ng’eyita mu nkola eziwera. Ku ludda olumu, kisobola okukendeeza ku glucose mu musaayi n’obuzito bw’omubiri, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku kwonooneka okuva mu buzibu bw’okukyusakyusa emmere mu nkola y’emisuwa gy’omutima. Ku luuyi olulala, GLP-1 eyinza okukola butereevu ku bitundu by’emisuwa n’emisuwa, gamba ng’okulongoosa enkola y’emisuwa endothelial, okukendeeza ku kuddamu kw’okuzimba n’okunyigirizibwa okw’okwokya, okutebenkeza ebipande ebizimba emisuwa, n’okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’endwadde z’emisuwa. Okunoonyereza kwa Cigrovski kulaga nti GLP-1 esobola okulongoosa enkola y’obutoffaali bw’emisuwa mu kufulumya nitric oxide, okutumbula okugaziwa kw’emisuwa, n’okukuuma enkola y’emisuwa gy’omutima ^[5]..

Ebikosa obutereevu ku nkola y’omutima: 

Okunoonyereza okwakakolebwa kuzudde nti okukwatibwa ennyo GLP-1 kuyinza okuleeta dose-dependent strong positive inotropic effect ku human atrial trabeculae awatali kwongera ku mpisa ya arrhythmias. Ekikolwa kino kiyinza okuva ku kweyongera kw’okuddamu okukwata sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, okulongoosa enkola y’emisuwa, era kikwata ebirungi ku kukendeeza ku bubonero mu balwadde b’omutima abalemererwa. Mu kugezesa okukwatagana, atrial trabeculae exposed to GLP-1 yalaga significantly enhanced contractile force awatali kweyongera mu arrhythmias ^[6]..

GLP-1 ekozesebwa ki?

Ku ssukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri: 

GLP-1 ekozesebwa okujjanjaba ssukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri. Ka kibeere nga kiweebwa mu kamwa oba nga kiyita mu mpiso wansi w’olususu, kikendeeza bulungi ku muwendo gwa hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ^[1]..

Ku bujjanjabi bw’omugejjo: 

GLP-1 eraga obulungi obw’amaanyi mu kujjanjaba omugejjo. Okugezesebwa mu malwaliro kulaga nti abalwadde abagejjulukuka abajjanjabwa ne GLP-1 bafuna okugejja okw’amaanyi, nga kuwerekerwako okukendeeza ku kwetooloola ekiwato, okulongoosa mu bipimo bya puleesa, okukendeera kw’emiwendo gya HbA1c, n’okulongoosa mu bitundu by’amasavu (okugeza, okukendeeza ku kolesterol yenna, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ne triglycerides, n’okweyongera kwa high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Ebikolwa byayo eby’okugejja bisinga ebya placebos n’eddagala eddala erikendeeza ku mugejjo, nga bituukana n’omutindo ogwateekebwawo EMA ne FDA ku ddagala ly’okugejja, n’okuwa obujjanjabi obupya eri abalwadde abagejjulukuka ^[1,2]..

Okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okulwala endwadde z’emisuwa: 

Ku bantu abakulu abalina sukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri n’obulwadde bw’omutima obumanyiddwa, GLP-1 esobola okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’endwadde z’emisuwa. Okunoonyereza nga okugezesebwa kwa SUSTAIN 6 ne PIONEER 6 kwalaga obutaba bwa wansi n’obukuumi bwa GLP-1 wansi w’olususu n’omu kamwa mu bulamu bw’emisuwa, era okugezesebwa kwa SELECT kwayongera okukakasa ebirungi byayo ebiyinza okubaawo mu kulongoosa ebiva mu misuwa n’emitima, okuyamba okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’ebintu ebibaawo mu misuwa gy’omutima ^[1]..

Ebikozesebwa mu kukuuma ekibumba: 

Mu model y’ebibe ey’obuvune bw’ekibumba ischemia-reperfusion, GLP-1 yalaga ebikolwa eby’okukuuma ekibumba. Kikendeeza ku miwendo gya molekyu ezizimba nga tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) n’ekirungo kyayo, interleukin-6 (IL-6), kikendeeza ku kukola prostaglandin ya F8, kyongera ku miwendo gya PI3K ne AKT mu bitundu by’ekibumba, era kikendeeza ku buvune bw’ekibumba, ekiraga nti GLP-1 eyinza okuba n’obusobozi obw’okujjanjaba obuvune obw’amaanyi mu kibumba ^{[7] .}.

Mu bufunzi

Nga GLP-1 receptor agonist, GLP-1 efuga bulungi emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi mu balwadde ba sukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri nga etereeza okufulumya insulin ne glucagon, okuziyiza hepatic gluconeogenesis, n’okukwata ku sukaali ow’amaanyi n’okwagala okulya, ate nga ekendeeza nnyo ku buzito bw’omubiri mu bantu abagejjulukuka. Kirina ebirungo ebikuuma emisuwa gy’omutima, kikendeeza ku bulabe bw’endwadde z’emisuwa, era kikuuma ensigo. Kirina obujjanjabi ku buvune obw’amaanyi mu kibumba, obulwadde bwa sukaali obw’ekibumba, n’endwadde endala ez’ekibumba.

Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi

Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.

Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal

Hegner, P. asangibwa mu Yunivasite y’e Regensburg mu Girimaani era alina okunoonyereza kungi. Mu bino mulimu enkola y’emisuwa n’eby’omutima, gy’anoonyereza ku nkola n’obujjanjabi bw’endwadde z’emisuwa; biochemistry ne molecular biology, nga essira liteekeddwa ku kuzuula enkola z’ensengekera y’ebiramu n’ebiramu n’enkola z’okulungamya; pharmacology ne pharmacy, nga essira balitadde ku kukola eddagala n’okwekenneenya obulungi bwalyo; n’enkola y’okussa wamu n’eddagala erya bulijjo n’ery’omunda, nga essira liteekeddwa ku kuzuula n’okujjanjaba endwadde z’okussa n’embeera z’obujjanjabi ez’omunda eza bulijjo. Mukenkufu alina ebituukiddwaako mu by’obusawo ebiwerako. Hegner P awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [6].

▎ Ebiwandiiko Ebikwatagana

[1] Oleszczuk R, Kozińska I, Gras-Ozimek J, n’abalala. GLP-1 okujjanjaba omugejjo[J]. Ekitabo ky’ebyenjigiriza, ebyobulamu n’emizannyo, 2022. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245423376.

[2] Christou G. A., Katsiki N., Blundell J., n’abalala. GLP-1 nga eddagala erisuubiza eriziyiza omugejjo[J]. Okuddamu okwetegereza omugejjo, 2019, 20 (6): 805-815.DOI: 10.1111 / obr.12839.

[3] Kurtzhals P, Flindt Kreiner F, Singh Bindra R. Omulimu gw’okufuga obuzito mu kuddukanya obulwadde bwa sukaali obw’ekika eky’okubiri: Endowooza ku GLP-1[J]. okunoonyereza ku ssukaali n’enkola y’obujjanjabi, 2023,203.DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110881.

[4] Chao A. M., Tronieri J. S., Amaro A., n’abalala. GLP-1 okujjanjaba omugejjo[J]. Emitendera mu ddagala ly’emisuwa, 2023,33 (3): 159-166.DOI: 10.1016 / j.tcm.2021.12.008.

[5] Cigrovski BM, Strollo F. Ebivudde mu kukwata amaaso ga GLP-1[J]. Ensi yonna Journal of ssukaali, 2023, 14 (4): 424-434.DOI: 10.4239 / wjd.v14.i4.424.

[6] Hegner P, Seitz S, Schopka S, n’abalala. GLP-1 erongoosa enkola y’okukonziba mu atrium y’omuntu eyawuddwamu[J]. Ekitabo ky’omutima ekya Bulaaya, 2024,45 (Supplement_1): ehae666-ehae3729.DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.3729.

[7] Tiba AT, Qassam H, Hadi N R. GLP-1 mu buvune bw’ekibumba ekiyitibwa ischemia-reperfusion mu mbeba[J]. J Med Obulamu, 2023, 16 (2): 317-324.DOI: 10.25122 / jml-2022-0291.

EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA BYOKKA.  

Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza kwokka mu kisenge (in vitro research). Okunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.