HCG 5000iu we yu de yuz

▎ HCG Struktrɔ

▎ HCG Risach

Wetin na di risach bakgrɔn fɔ hCG?

hCG de ple imכtant rol insay riprodaktiv mεdisin, inklud fכ mεnten di εli bεlε εn fכ indyuz ovuleshכn insay εsist riprodaktiv tεknכlכji dεm. di nεchכral hCG dεn kin kכl am fכs frכm bεlε uman dεm in urine, we de prεzεnt limitεshכn insay di saplai εn puriti ashurεns. dis de fεl fכ mit di klinik dimand dεm we de gro, we de mek i nid fכ divεlכp sεntetik hCG fכ gi mכr stebul εn rilibul drog sכs.

di advansmεnt dεm na di jεnεtik εnjinia tεknכlכji dεn dכn mek dεn kכlכn εn εksprεshכn fכ di hCG jin, we de lay di tεknikal fכndashכn fכ sεntetik hCG risεch. bay we dεn introdכks di hCG jin insay di hos sεl dεm lεk yist כ Chaynish hamster ovary (CHO) sεl dεm, dεn kin achy rεkombinεnt εksprεshכn fכ hCG. sεntetik hCG de gi klin sεmpl fכ strכkchכral εn fכnshכnal stכdi dεm, we de fεsilit fכ dip כndastand in mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn εn i de mek di divεlכpmεnt fכ mכr ifektiv tεrapi aprכch dεm. apat frכm dat, dεn kin yuz sεntetik hCG fכ pripia diagnostik riajεnt dεm, we de εnhans di akכda diagnosis fכ bεlε εn mכnitor di kכndishכn dεm we rilayt.

Wetin na di mεkanism fכ akshכn fכ hCG?

mεkanism fכ mεnten bεlε: hCG na difrεnt sinsitiotrofoblast sεl dεm de prodyuz am fכs εn i de wok as imכtant εmbrayo signal we implεnt fכ sכstain bεlε. i de aktibכt mכltipכl signal kaskad dεm bay we i de biεn di luteinizing כmon/human chorionic gonadotropin rεsεpכta (LHCGR). rεsכch we Nwabuobi C du sho se tru dayrekt כ indayrekt intarakshכn wit di transfכm gכt fכktכ beta rεsεpכta (TGFβR), i de aktibכt mεntenal signal path dεm lεk Smad2, protin kinase C (PKC), εn/כ protin kinase A (PKA). fכ protεkt di uterin εndoteyl angiojεnεsis, hCG de εp fכ gi adekwat nyutrishכn εn כksijεn fכ di εmbrayo divεlכpmεnt; fכ mεnten di uterin myometrial quiescence, i de mek wan stebul intrauterin envayroment we fayn fכ implant di εmbrayo εn divεlכpmεnt; fכ protεkt imyun rεguleshכn na di mεntenal-fεtal intafεys, hCG de mכdulet di mεntenal imyun sistεm fכ mek di εmbriyo nכ rijek, we de mek sכh se di bεlε de go bifo ^{[1] .}.

mεkanism fכ akshכn fכ impruv di εndometrial rεsεptiviti: In vivo εkspεriεns dεm we yuz εmbriyo implantεshכn disfכnkshכn (EID) maws mכdel εn hυman εndometrial εpitεlial sεl dεm (EEC) dεn sho se hCG de εnhans εndometrial rεsεptiviti insay EID mays dεm. hCG de rεgεl di miR-126-3p/PIK3R2 aks bay we i de protεkt miR-126-3p εksprεshכn εn inhεbit PIK3R2, we miR-126-3p de tכgεt PIK3R2. EEC proliferashכn bin εnhans afta hCG tritmεnt bכt inhεbit we miR-126-3p bin dכwnrεgulεt. כl tu in vivo εn in vitro εkspεriεns kכnfכm se hCG de εnhans εndometrial rεsεptiviti εn fεsilitεt εmbriyo implantεshכn bay we i de aktibכt di PI3K/Akt/eNOS path via di miR-126-3p/PIK3R2 aks ^[2]..

Figure 1 hCG improv εndometrial rεsεptiviti in EID mays ^[2]..

Impekt fכ glycosylation pan hכmon mεkanism dεm: stכdi dεm pan di glycosylated moiety fכ hCG sho se fכ pul difrεn shuga rεsidεns frכm hCG dεrivεt dεm difrεntli afekt dεn binding kapasiti to rat Leydig sεl dεm εn dεn abiliti fכ stimulate tεstostεron εn saykli AMP (cAMP) sεntesis. wit sikεnshal rimobul fכ sialik asid, galaktכs, N-asetilglukosamin, εn manכs rεsidεns, di ifektiv כmon dכz we dεn nid fכ stimulat stεroyd prodakshכn de inkrεs sכmtεm, we di kapasiti fכ stimulate cAMP akyumyuleshכn sכmtεm dכn. lכw dכz glycosidase-trit כmon dεrivεt dεm sho aditiv ifekt dεm we dεn analכz wit hCG fכ dεn abiliti fכ stimulate tεstostεron sεntez. כltu, dεn dεrivεt dεm ya na bin pכtεnt inhibito dεm fכ hCG-indyus cAMP akyumyuleshכn, we sho se glycosylation rεmכval de minimally afekt כmon-sεl binding we i de diminish di abiliti fכ bכnd כmon dεm fכ aktibכt adenylate cyclase. dis de כndaskכr di krichכl rol we glycosylation de ple fכ signal transdyushכn insay di hCG mεkanism fכ akshכn ^[3]..

Wetin na di aplikeshɔn dɛn fɔ hCG?

di εli bεlε diagnosis: dεn de yuz sεntetik hCG fכ pripia ditekshכn rijen dεm. insay klinik prεktis, dεn kin no di bεlε bay we dεn mכsu di hCG lεvεl dεm na uman in urine כ bכdi. lεk 6–7 de afta fεtilayzכn, di trofoblast sεl dεm de bigin fכ sekret hCG. as di bεlε de go bifo, di hCG lεvεl dεm na כl tu di bכdi εn di urine de go כp kwik kwik wan. Yuz sεntetik hCG as standad alaw fכ di prεsis establishmεnt fכ wan standad kεv fכ dεtekshכn rijen, we de mek i ebul fכ akכrd kwantifikεshכn fכ hCG kכntεnt insay sεmpl dεm. fכ egzampl, kכmכn bεlε tεst strip dεm de dip pan imyunokromatografi tεknכlכji, usay di antibodi dεm we dεn pripia frכm sεntetik hCG spεshal wan de biεn hCG insay urine, wit kכla riakshכn we de sho di bεlε stetכs. כltu, afta we dεn mis di pεriכd, uman dεn kin yuz dεn kayn mεtכd dεm ya fכ di fכs bεlε asesmεnt, we de gi bεsis fכ kia εn mεnejmεnt bifo dεn bכn afta dat ^[1]..

fכ mכnitor di kכndishכn dεm we de fכ bεlε: we uman bεlε, fכ trak di dinamik chenj dεm na di mεntenal hCG lεvεl dεm de εp fכ no εn mכnitor difrεn dizכrd dεm we de fכ bεlε. fכ egzampl, insay εktopik bεlε, usay di fεtilayz eg de implant ausayd di uterin kεviti, di trofoblastik sεl dεm de divεlכp abnכmal. dis de rizulta in lכw hCG sekreshכn kכmpεr to nכmal intrauterin bεlε dεm εn wan lכng tεm we dεn de dכbl. we dεn kכntinyu fכ mכnitor di hCG lεvεl dεm na di bכdi, we dεn kכmbayn wit כltra saund egzamεn dεm, de mek i izi fכ no di εktopik bεlε dεm kwik kwik wan. Dis kin mek dɛn ebul fɔ du sɔntin ɛn trit dɛn di rayt tɛm, ɛn dis kin mek dɛn nɔ gɛt siriɔs prɔblɛm dɛn. apat frכm dat, fכ trofoblastik sik dεm lεk haydatidiform mol, hCG lεvεl dεm tipikli sho abnכmal εleveshכn. Pכst-tritmεnt, kכntinyu hCG mכnitri kin ases di tεrapi efikכs εn dεtekt rεkכrεshכn. di hCG lεvεl dεm we de εlevεt כ we de go כp de sho se i kin bi se i kin sik כ i kin kam bak, we kin mek i nid fכ du mכr invεstigeshכn εn intavεnshכn ^[1]..

Wetin na di ɛkspirimɛnt advans dɛn bɔt hCG?

di kכntraseptiv vaksin dεm we dεn divεlכp yuz di ful β-subunit fכ hCG as di imyunojen εn wan 37-amino asid pεptida sεgmεnt (C-terminus 109-145) as di imyunojen dεn pas prεklinik tכksisiti εn sefty trayal dεm εn kכmplit Faz I εn Faz II klinik trayal dεm. Insay wan kɔmparativ Faz I klinik trayal we involv 116 uman volontia dɛn we bin dɔn ɔnda tubal ligeshɔn, dɛn bin tɛst tri β-hCG-bɛs vaksin fɔmyulashɔn dɛn. di rizulεt sho se כl di uman dεm we dεn vaksin dεn divεlכp antibodi dεm agens hCG εn tεtanכs, we sho se dεn vaksin dεm ya de εfεktiv wan stimulate di hכman imyun rεspכns ^[4]..

Fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ kɔntrol bɔn pikin ɛn fɔ trit sik dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit ɔmon, di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt dis bin mek vaysin dɛn we de tɔch hCG. imyunojen dεm bin pripia bay we dεn link sεntetik pεptida dεm we de riprizent di nεchכral praymar strכkchכ fכ di hCG β-sכbyunit to protin kεriכn dεm. durin divεlכpmεnt, risechכr dεm sεntez mכltipכl pεptida dεm we difrεn lεngth dεm we dεn sεlekt frכm di C-tεrminal rijyכn fכ di β sεbyunit εn tεst dεn abiliti fכ indyuz antibodi dεm we ebul fכ riak wit hCG εn nyutralayz in aktiviti in vivo. כltimately, wan 37-amino asid pεptida sεgmεnt we de riprizent di C-tεrminal rijyכn fכ di β sεbyunit bin sεlekt as di vaksin antijen. Dɛn bin pik difteria toxoid as di wan we de kɛr am, we mek dɛn pripia di fɔs protɔtayp vaksin. fכlכ trial akraos mכltipכl spεshal, dis vaksin saksesfuli indyuz signifyant antibodi lεvεl dεm εgεst hCG, εn wan mak rεdukshכn pan fεtiliti bin obsεv in imunizεd babכn dεm. dis bin gi nyu tin dεm εn di we dεm we dεn kin du fכ kכntrכl mכtalman fεtiliti εn tritmεnt di sik dεm we de kam wit am ^[5]..

Dɔn

as di kכl glycoprotein כmon, hCG de ple sεntri rεgεdyushכn rol insay di rεprכdaktiv sistεm: insay uman dεm, i de akt bay we i de biεn di luteinizing hכmon/ chorionic gonadotropin rεsεpכta (LHCGR) fכ sכstεn di εli bεlε (sכpכt luteal progesterone sekreshכn εn fכ mek wan stebul uterin invayroment), fכ protεkt di osayt mεchureshכn εn ovuleshכn, εn εnhancing di εndometrial rεsεpshכn fכ mek i izi fכ implant di εmbriyo. insay man dεm, i de mek di Leydig sεl dεm fכ sכntez εn sekret tεstostεron, we de εp di riprodaktiv כgan divεlכpmεnt εn sεl dεm.

Bɔt di pɔsin we rayt di buk

Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt ɔp, na ɔl di tin dɛn we Cocer Peptides dɔn du risach, ɛdit ɛn kɔmpilayt.

Sayɛns Jɔnal Author

Nwabuobi C na wan risachman we de fos pan di fild fכ hכman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stכdi. dεn risεch mεnli sεntrε pan fכ analכz di bayolojikal fכnshכn dεm fכ hCG εn εksplכr in kכnεkshכn wit klinik aplikεshכn dεm. Bɔku tɛm, Nwabuobi C kin adopt wan kɔmbaynshɔn pan ɛkspirimɛnt we dɛn lɛk mɔlikul bayoloji tɛknik ɛn klinik sampul analisis fɔ du dip risach, we dɛn aim fɔ dip di ɔndastandin fɔ di fisiɔlɔjik mɛkanism dɛn fɔ hCG ɛn in prɛktikal valyu insay klinik sɛnɛriɔ. Nwabuobi C de na di list insay di rεfrεns fכ saytεshכn [1].

▎ Saytayshɔn dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit dis

[1] Nwabuobi C, Arlier S, Schatz F, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Lɔkwɔd C. J., Kayisli U. A.. hCG: Bayolojikal Fɔnkshɔn ɛn Klinik Aplikeshɔn. Intanɛshɔnal Jɔnal fɔ Mɔlikul Sayns 2017; 18(10).DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102037. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul.

[2] Wang W, G e L, Zhang L. L., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. mεkanism fכ hכman kכriכnik gonadotropin in εndometrial rεsεpshכn via di miR-126-3p/PI3K/Akt/eNOS aks. Kaohsiung Jɔnal fɔ Mɛdikal Sayns 2023; 39(5): 468-477.DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12672. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul.

[3] Moyle WR, Bahl OP, März L. Rol we kabohaydret de ple na di hכman chorionic gonadotropin in di mεkanism fכ כmon akshכn. J ɔ rnal ɔ f Bayolojikal K ɛ mistri 1975; 250(23): 9163-9169, ɛn di ɔda wan dɛn.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Ritriv&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstrakt&list_uids=172504&kwɛstyɔn_hl=1.

[4] Talwar G. P., Hingorani V, Kumar S, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. Faz I klinik trayal wit tri fɔmyulashɔn fɔ anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaksin. Kɔntrasepshɔn 1990; 41(3): 301-316.DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824 (90) 90071-3.

[5] Stivins V. C., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. yus fכ sεntetik pεpti dεm as imyunojen fכ divεlכp vaksin εgεst hכman kכriכnik gonadotropin. Ciba Fɔund Simp 1986; 119: 200-225.DOI: 10.1002/9780470513286.ch12.

ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.  

Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.