▎ GHK CU Okunoonyereza kwa
Ensibuko y’okunoonyereza eya GHK CU eri etya?
Mu myaka gya 1970, bannassaayansi b’Amerika abaali banoonyereza ku ngeri omusaayi gw’omuntu gye gukwata ku bitundu by’omubiri okuva mu bibinja by’emyaka egy’enjawulo baakola okwetegereza okw’amaanyi. Plasma okuva mu bantu abato bwe yagattibwa mu bitundu by’ekibumba okuva mu bantu abakadde, ebitundu by’ekibumba ebikaddiye byatandika okukola obulungi obutoffaali obw’enjawulo ng’obw’ebitundu ebito. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekenneenya mu bujjuvu, mu 1973, yasobola bulungi okwawula GHK CU okuva mu serum y’omuntu. Ekizibu kino kikolebwa ekirungo kya tripeptide ekikolebwa glycine, histidine, ne lysine nga bisibiddwa bulungi ku ion y’ekikomo. Okunoonyereza okulala kwalaga nti GHK CU mu butonde eriwo mu nkola z’omubiri gw’omuntu munda mu ntuuyo, omusaayi, n’omusulo. Emiwendo gyayo egy’obungi gikwatagana nnyo n’emyaka: gituuka ku 200ng/mL mu plasma y’abaana ab’emyaka 20, naye nga gikendeera nnyo okutuuka ku 80ng/mL ku myaka 60.
Okunoonyereza okuddirira kukyagenda mu maaso n’okugaziya ensalo z’okutegeera kwa GHK CU. Ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1980, abamanyi baazuula nti omubiri gw’omuntu gufulumya GHK mu bifo ebifunye obuvune, nga bateebereza n’obuvumu omulimu gwayo oguyinza okukolebwa ng’akabonero akakulu akasooka okuddaabiriza olususu. Okuva olwo, okunoonyereza okunene kwesigamye ku kifo kya GHK CU mu kuddaabiriza ebitundu by’omubiri naddala mu kuzzaawo olususu. GHK CU esitula okukola kwa kolagini, elastin, ne glycosaminoglycans ate nga etereeza emirimu gya metalloproteinases n’ebiziyiza zo. Kikola ebirungi mu kuziyiza okuzimba, okuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde, n’okutondeka emisuwa, mpolampola ne kifuuka ekintu eky’okunoonyereza mu bintu ebingi omuli biochemistry, dermatology, n’eddagala erizza obuggya.
Enkola ki ey’okukola ku GHK CU?
Okutumbula Okuwona Ebiwundu
Okukula n’okusenguka kw’obutoffaali: GHK CU esitula okukula n’okusenguka kw’obutoffaali obw’enjawulo, omuli fibroblasts z’olususu n’obutoffaali bw’omubiri. Okugeza, mu bifo by’ebiwundu by’olususu, kyanguya okusengejja ebitundu by’omubiri eby’ebweru w’obutoffaali nga kolagini ne elastin nga bikolebwa fibroblasts, ne kiwa obuwagizi bw’enzimba y’okuwona kw’ebiwundu. Mu kiseera kye kimu, kisikiriza obutoffaali bw’omubiri (endothelial cells) okusenguka okugenda mu kiwundu, ne kitumbula okutondebwa kw’emisuwa emipya. Kino kituusa ebiriisa ebingi ne omukka gwa oxygen mu kiwundu, ne kyanguyira okuwona [1] ..
Okulungamya ensonga z’okukula: Ekizibu kino kikyusakyusa okwolesebwa n’okufulumya ensonga z’okukula eziwera, gamba nga transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ne vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Nga tutwala VEGF ng’ekyokulabirako, GHK CU etumbula okufulumya kwayo, nga kino nakyo kisitula okukula kw’obutoffaali bw’emisuwa n’okutondebwa kw’emisuwa —enkola enkulu mu kuwona kw’ebiwundu [1]..
Ebikolwa Ebiziyiza okuzimba
Okuziyiza Abatabaganya Abazimba: GHK CU enyigiriza okukola n’okufulumya ebitabaganya ebizimba ebingi, omuli tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ne interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Abatabaganya bano bakola emirimu emikulu mu kuddamu kw’okuzimba. Nga eziyiza okwolesebwa kwazo, GHK CU ekendeeza ku maanyi n’obudde bw’okuzimba, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’ebitundu [2]..
Okukyusakyusa obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri: Era kitereeza enkola y’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Nga ekyusakyusa macrophage polarization eri anti-inflammatory macrophages, kikendeeza ku kufulumya ebizimba ebizimba era kitumbula okuddaabiriza ebitundu [2]..
Okuddaabiriza DNA
Okukola amakubo g’okuddaabiriza: GHK CU ekola amakubo g’okuddaabiriza DNA mu butoffaali. Obutoffaali bwe bwonoonebwa ensonga ez’enjawulo ez’omunda oba ez’ebweru, butandika enkola eziddiriŋŋana ez’okuddaabiriza DNA. GHK CU etumbula okuddaabiriza DNA eyonoonese nga etereeza emirimu gy’enziyiza ezikwatagana, nga DNA polymerase ne ligase, bwe kityo ne kikuuma obutebenkevu bw’ensengekera y’obutonde [2]..
Obukuumi bw’ebirungo ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde: Kirina obusobozi bw’okuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde, ekikendeeza ku kwonooneka kwa DNA okuleetebwa ebika bya oxygen ebikola (ROS). ROS esobola okuleeta okukutuka kw’emiguwa gya DNA n’okufuuka base oxidation. Nga esengejja ROS, GHK CU mu ngeri etali butereevu ekuuma DNA obutakwonooneka, n’ekola embeera ennungi ey’okuddaabiriza DNA [1]..
Okulungamya Ssukaali ow’Obutoffaali
Okutumbula Ssukaali ow’Amaanyi: Ku bikwata ku nkyukakyuka y’amasoboza g’obutoffaali, GHK CU eyinza okukosa enkola ya mitochondria. Mitochondria zikola nga amaanyi g’obutoffaali, era GHK CU eyinza okutumbula obulungi bw’okukola amaanyi g’obutoffaali nga etereeza emirimu gya enzymes ezikwatagana ne mitochondria —nga ezo ezikwatibwako mu nsengekera ya tricarboxylic acid ne oxidative phosphorylation —bwe kityo ne kituukiriza obwetaavu bw’amasoboza mu nkola z’obutoffaali ng’okukula n’okuddaabiriza [2]..
Okulungamya Okusengejja Ebintu: GHK CU era ekyusa enkola y’okusengejja ebintu ebikulu ebiri mu butoffaali. Nga bwe kyayogeddwako emabegako, kitumbula okusengejja ebitundu bya matrix eby’ebweru w’obutoffaali nga kolagini ne elastin. Okugatta ku ekyo, kikwata ku kusengejja n’okukyusakyusa ebintu ebiri mu butoffaali nga puloteyina n’amasavu, bwe kityo ne kikuuma emirimu gy’omubiri egy’obutoffaali egya bulijjo [2]..
Enkozesa ya GHK CU ze ziruwa?
Okuwona ebiwundu: GHK CU erina obusobozi okutumbula okuwona ebiwundu. Kisitula okuzimba emisuwa, ne kiwa ebiriisa ebingi ne omukka gwa oxygen mu kifo ekiwundu, bwe kityo ne kyanguya okuddaabiriza n’okuddamu okukola ebitundu by’omubiri. GHK CU era ewagira omulimu gwa fibroblasts ez’olususu, okutumbula okusengejja kwa kolagini, elastin, ne glycosaminoglycans. Kino kiyamba mu kuzimba ekitundu ekiramu eky’ebweru w’obutoffaali era kyanguya enkola y’okuwona kw’ebiwundu. Mu kunoonyereza kwa Pickart L ku buvune bw’olususu, okujjanjaba n’eddagala eririmu GHK CU kyanguya nnyo sipiidi y’okuwona kw’ebiwundu n’okulongoosa omutindo gw’okuwona [2]..
Ebikosa okuzimba: Kikendeeza ku kuddamu kw’okuzimba nga kiziyiza amakubo g’obubonero agakwatagana n’okuzimba. Mu byombi lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model n’okugezesa mu vitro ne RAW 264.7 macrophages, obujjanjabi bwa GHK CU bwakendeeza ku kukola ebika bya oxygen ebikola (ROS), bwayongera ku mirimu gya superoxide dismutase (SOD), era ne bukendeeza ku kuzaala abatabaganya okuzimba nga necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) ne interleukin-6 (IL-6), etuukibwako nga eziyiza amakubo g’obubonero bwa NF-κB p65 ne p38 MAPK. Bwe kityo, GHK CU eraga obusobozi bw’okujjanjaba endwadde ezeekuusa ku kuzimba nga ALI/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [3]..
Obukuumi bw’obutoffaali: Bulaga ebikolwa ebiwerako eby’okukuuma obutoffaali. Mu bulwadde bw’amawuggwe obutawona (COPD), bukuuma n’okuddaabiriza ebitundu by’amawuggwe ate nga buzzaawo enkola ya COPD fibroblast. Era kiziyiza molekyu nga NFκB, eziteeberezebwa okwanguya endwadde z’okukaddiwa, nga ziraga obusobozi bw’okulwanyisa okukaddiwa. Okugatta ku ekyo, eraga emirimu gy’okulwanyisa okweraliikirira, okukendeeza obulumi, n’okulwanyisa obulumbaganyi, era ekola emirimu gy’okuyonja obutoffaali ng’eyita mu nkola ya proteasome, okuwa obukuumi obw’enjawulo obw’obutoffaali [2]. .
Okuddaabiriza DNA: GHK CU yeetaba mu nkola z’okuddaabiriza DNA mu butoffaali, eyamba okukuuma obutebenkevu bw’ensengekera y’obutonde (genomic stability) n’okukendeeza ku bulwadde bw’obutoffaali n’ensonga z’okukaddiwa ezireetebwa okwonooneka kwa DNA okukuŋŋaanyiziddwa. Kino kiwagira okuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde ezeekuusa ku kwonooneka kwa DNA [2] ..
Mu bufunzi
Nga endogenous tripeptide-copper complex, GHK CU eraga emirimu gy’ebiramu egy’ebitundu bingi. Nga ekola amakubo agalaga obubonero nga PI3K/Akt ne MAPK/ERK, kitumbula okukula kw’obusimu obuyitibwa fibroblast, angiogenesis, n’okukola extracellular matrix synthesis, nga kikola kinene nnyo mu kuwona ebiwundu. Era eraga emirimu gy’okulwanyisa okuzimba, okuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde, n’okukyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’okuzimba ebitundu by’omubiri n’okuyamba mu kuddaabiriza obuvune n’okuyingira mu nsonga z’endwadde ezizimba.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal
Loren Pickart yali mukugu mu by’obutonde omututumufu era omutandisi wa Skin Biology Inc., ng’akuguse mu kunoonyereza ku peptides z’ekikomo n’okuzikozesa mu bulamu bw’olususu n’okukaddiwa. Yazuula ekirungo ekiyitibwa copper peptide GHK CU mu 1973 bwe yali mu kunoonyereza kwe okw’obusawo mu yunivasite y’e California, San Francisco. Okuzuula kuno kwavaako okukola eddagala ly’ekikomo erizza obuggya olususu n’okutandikawo kkampuni ya Skin Biology Inc. mu 1994. Omulimu gwe guyamba nnyo mu kutegeera ebiramu by’olususu n’okukola eddagala eriweweeza ku kukaddiwa. Okunoonyereza kwa Pickart kukyagenda mu maaso n’okukwata ku by’obujjanjabi bw’ensusu n’obusawo obuzza obuggya. Loren Pickart awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [2].
