Semax 10 mg

▎ Semax Structure

▎ Semax Kev Tshawb Fawb

Semax yog dab tsi?

Semax yog ib tug hluavtaws peptide compound thiab belongs rau ib hom ntawm nootropic. Nws lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog ib qho analog ntawm thyrotropin-tso hormone (TRH), ua ke nrog lwm cov amino acids (xws li valine thiab leucine). Semax tuaj yeem txhim kho kev paub txog kev paub los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj neurotransmitters (xws li dopamine thiab norepinephrine) hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb, suav nrog kev txhim kho kev nco, txhim kho kev mloog, thiab kev kawm muaj peev xwm.

Dab tsi yog qhov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Semax?

Kev loj hlob raws li ACTH fragments: 

Semax yog tsim los ntawm ACTH (4 - 7) fragment thiab tripeptide Pro - Gly - Pro (PGP). ACTH, uas yog cov tshuaj hormones adrenocorticotropic, yog cov tshuaj hormones zais los ntawm cov qog pituitary anterior thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm adrenal cortex. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam cov qauv ntawm ACTH, tau muab cov khoom seem (4 - 7) los ntawm nws, thiab ua ke nrog tripeptide PGP los ua ke ntawm Semax. Txoj kev sib xyaw no ua rau Semax khaws ib feem ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm ACTH thiab tseem muaj cov yam ntxwv lom neeg sib txawv ^[1].

Tshawb nrhiav kev kho mob vwm: 

Epilepsy yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txawv txav depolarization ntawm neurons. Kev qaug dab peg yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev qaug dab peg, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob hlwb. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tam sim no rau kev kho mob qaug dab peg muaj qee yam cuam tshuam, lawv kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev kho tshiab. Raws li ib tug neuropeptide, Semax peptide ua ncaj qha rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab tsis muaj hormonal kev ua si, yog li nws yuav tsis ua rau tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov no muab txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev kho mob vwm ^[2].

Kev kho mob ntawm ischemic stroke: 

Ischemic stroke yog ib yam kab mob loj, thiab vim nws qhov tshwm sim siab thiab muaj kev xiam oob khab siab, nws ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb kho mob. Semax peptide, vim nws cov teebmeem neuroprotective thiab immunomodulatory, yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm ischemic stroke. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Semax tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev qhia ntawm cov noob caj ces thiab qhib qhov kev qhia ntawm cov noob caj noob ces, yog li ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv neuroprotective ntawm qib transcriptional thiab protein ^{[3, 4]}.

Kev taw qhia tshiab rau kev kho kev nyuaj siab: 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) feem ntau yog siv tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab thaum cev xeeb tub, tab sis SSRIs tuaj yeem hla cov placenta thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb hauv plab. Raws li ib tug hluavtaws analogue ntawm ACTH (4-10), Semax muaj pom tseeb nootropic thiab neuroprotective kev ua ub no. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Semax tuaj yeem txo cov kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev hloov pauv hauv neurochemical hauv cov nas uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob thaum ntxov rau fluvoxamine, muab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev kho kev nyuaj siab ^[5].

Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj peptide: 

Semax yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws peptide nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab, ua ke qee cov proteins hauv lub hlwb, thiab siv cov tshuaj antioxidant. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus qauv nas ntawm kev qaug dab peg, Semax peptide tuaj yeem txo qis MDA qib thiab ua kom peb cov proteins uas tsis yog synthesized hauv nas epileptic ^[2].

Raws li kev tswj hwm peptide, kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Semax tuaj yeem taug qab tau ntev dhau los. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Semax muaj kev cia siab rau hauv kev nco tsis zoo, txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab tom qab-COVID syndrome, ntxiv rau cov kab mob somatoform thiab psychosomatic ^[6].

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv qib ntawm pJNK thiab pCREB cov proteins thaum lub sij hawm ischemia thiab Semax kev kho mob hauv cov qauv subcortical thiab frontoparietal cortex ntawm nas ntawm 24 teev tom qab tMCAO.

Source: PubMed ^[4]

Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Semax hauv kev kho mob qaug dab peg tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb ua haujlwm?

Antioxidant nyhuv

Semax muaj antioxidant zog. Kev qaug dab peg feem ntau ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab oxidative hauv lub hlwb, thiab Semax tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Oxidative stress yuav tsim cov pa oxygen ntau dhau, xws li malondialdehyde (MDA). Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Semax tuaj yeem txo qis MDA qib hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nas muaj mob vwm txog li 40.46% ^[2] . Los ntawm kev txo qis MDA qib, Semax tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab rau cov neurons, yog li tiv thaiv lub hlwb ua haujlwm.

Synthesis ntawm lub paj hlwb proteins

Semax tuaj yeem tsim cov protein ntau hauv lub hlwb. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm nas epileptic nas, tom qab kev kho mob nrog Semax, peb cov proteins uas tsis tau synthesized nyob rau hauv cov nas tsuag epileptic. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov proteins no yog 93.54kDa, 66.76kDa, thiab 59.66kDa ^[2] . Lawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab kho cov neurons puas.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb neuron network

Los ntawm so-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (so-state FMRI) kev tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tias Semax muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb neuron network. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv, piv nrog pawg tswj hwm, qhov ntim loj dua ntawm rostral (intermediate anterior cortex) sub-component ntawm lub neej ntawd hom network tau kuaj pom hauv pawg Semax ^[7] . Qhov no qhia tias Semax tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tswj cov kev sib txuas thiab kev ua ub no ntawm lub hlwb neuron network.

Thaum Semax tau txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub rau hauv cov nas uas muaj suab npe nrov ntawm hnub 7 txog rau 11 hnub ntawm lub neej, nws tau pom tias cov nas tsuag audiogenic qaug dab peg tau hloov thaum lawv muaj 1 hlis, thiab ob qho tshuaj tuaj yeem txhim kho neurogenesis hauv hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neurogenesis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm, nco, thiab kho lub hlwb, thiab Semax tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hlwb los ntawm kev txhawb nqa neurogenesis.

Thaum Semax tau txhaj rau hauv tsib tus nas inbred ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab (los ntawm hnub thib 2 txog rau hnub 7 ntawm lub neej), nws txo qis qhov cuam tshuam rau convulsions tsuas yog hauv 1-hli DBA / 2J nas ^[8] . Qhov no kuj qhia tau tias Semax tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb ua haujlwm los ntawm qee qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo rau qaug dab peg.

Tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm hormonal

Semax yog ib qho neuropeptide uas ua ncaj qha rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm hormonal, yog li nws yuav tsis ua rau tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv (Puspita R, 2018). Qhov no muab Semax qee qhov zoo hauv kev kho mob qaug dab peg, zam cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj antiepileptic ib txwm muaj.

Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas Semax tswj hwm lub cev tsis muaj zog?

Txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntsig txog kev taw qhia txoj hauv kev: 

Semax tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev nthuav qhia antigen taw qhia txoj hauv kev. Kev nthuav qhia Antigen yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub thiab ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws. Los ntawm kev txhim kho txoj kev taw qhia no, Semax tuaj yeem txhawb kev lees paub thiab cov lus teb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws xws li cov kab mob ^[1] . Tsis tas li ntawd, Semax kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm ischemia ntawm interferon signaling txoj kev. Interferon plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev ntxiv dag zog ntawm interferon signaling txoj kev los ntawm Semax pab txhim kho tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ^[1].

Influencing txheej txheem immunoglobulin synthesis: 

Semax nce qhov kev qhia ntawm cov noob encoding cov chains hnyav ntawm immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuaj yeem khi rau antigens, yog li tshem tawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws xws li cov kab mob. Semax txhawb nqa cov synthesis ntawm immunoglobulins, uas pab txhim kho lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev ^[1].

Regulating kev ua ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob: 

Semax muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov noob encoding cytokines, cov lus teb kev ntxhov siab, thiab cov protein ribosomal. Cytokines ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuaj yeem tswj kev loj hlob, kev sib txawv, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Semax tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob no, yog li tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ^[1].

Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov ntawm Seamx?

Kev kho mob qaug dab peg

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm neurons: 

Epilepsy yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txawv txav depolarization ntawm neurons. Semax peptide yog ib qho neuropeptide uas ua ncaj qha rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormonal, yog li nws yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv. Semax tuaj yeem txo MDA qib hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nas tsuag. MDA yog qhov taw qhia ntawm lipid peroxidation, thiab qib siab ntawm MDA cuam tshuam nrog oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes. Semax tuaj yeem txo MDA qib hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nas mob vwm txog li 40.46% ^[9].

Synthesis ntawm cov protein: 

Semax kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ke qee cov proteins hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nas tsuag. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Semax tuaj yeem tsim tau peb cov proteins uas tsis yog tsim los rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nas muaj mob vwm, thiab qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov proteins no yog 93.54 kDa, 66.76 kDa, thiab 59.66 kDa feem ^[9].

Kev kho mob ntawm ischemic stroke

Txhim kho neurotrophin transcription: 

Semax (MET-GLU - amino acid - phenylalanine - proline - glycine - proline) peptide yog ib qho hluavtaws melanocortin derivative siv rau kev kho mob ntawm ischemic stroke. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Semax tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neurotrophins thiab lawv cov receptors thiab hloov kho cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tag nrho-genome RNA sequencing tsom xam qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub transient nruab nrab cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) qauv nyob rau hauv nas, Semax inhibits qhov kev qhia ntawm inflammatory genes thiab activates kev qhia ntawm neurotransmitter noob ^[4].

Kev tswj cov kev qhia ntawm cov proteins tseem ceeb: 

24 teev tom qab tMCAO, kev tswj hwm ntawm CREB nquag tau pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv subcortical, suav nrog kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm ischemic raug mob; MMP - 9 thiab c - fos raug downregulated nyob rau hauv uas nyob ib sab frontoparietal cortex; nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Semax, nquag JNK kuj raug txo qis hauv ob cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov inhibition thiab rov ua kom rov ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm o thiab cell tuag yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv neuroprotective ntawm Semax ntawm qib transcriptional thiab protein ^[4].

Relieving mob hnyav

Txo qhov mob: 

Hauv cov qauv kev ntxhov siab, Semax muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm thiab mob rhiab heev ntawm nas. Nyob rau hauv inescapable intermittent ko taw poob siab kev nyuaj siab thiab yuam cov dej txias ua luam dej qauv, ob qho tib si Semax thiab cov opioid receptor antagonist naloxone tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis kev ntxhov siab vim kev ntxhov siab (SIA) hauv cov qauv kev ntxhov siab uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov mob pib hauv kev yuam dej txias ua luam dej kev nyuaj siab qauv ^[10].

Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev hloov tus cwj pwm: 

Ob leeg Semax thiab naloxone tsis cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm ntawm nas hauv cov qauv kev ntxhov siab saum toj no ^[10].

Txhim kho kev nco thiab mloog: 

Semax tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua haujlwm nco thiab mloog ntawm cov tsiaj sim thiab tib neeg, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv hypoxia, thiab txhim kho cov ntshav ncig. Semax txhim kho kev nco thiab saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, Semax tam sim no tau ua tiav siv los kho cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Feem ntau, cov peptide no qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo lossis muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm ^[11].

Nyob rau hauv xaus, raws li ib tug hluavtaws peptide compound, Semax qhia tau hais tias tseem ceeb curative teebmeem nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm qaug dab peg, ischemic mob stroke, mob kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev txawj ntse tsis zoo los ntawm ntau yam xws li kev tswj cov kev qhia ntawm neurotrophins (xws li BDNF) thiab lawv receptors (TrkB), inhibiting inflammatory teb, tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab, thiab immunomodulation. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov paj hlwb, txo cov hlwb puas, thiab txhim kho kev nco thiab mloog.

Hais Txog Tus Sau

Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Sudarkina OY yog tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog National Research Center - Kurchatov Institute thiab Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb nyiam nthuav dav ntau yam kev qhuab qhia, suav nrog Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Genetics & Heredity, thiab Chemistry. Nws tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Biotechnology, Molecular Breeding, thiab Molecular Plant Pathology. Nws txoj haujlwm suav nrog kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem caj ces, kev cuam tshuam ntawm molecular, thiab cov txheej txheem biochemical uas ua rau muaj ntau yam tshwm sim lom. Los ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, nws lub hom phiaj ua kom peb nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem nyuaj no thiab tsim cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab rau kev siv tswv yim hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam lag luam. Sudarkina OY tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj [4].

▎ Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

[1] Medvedeva EV, Dmitrieva VG, Limborska SA, et al. Semax, ib qho analog ntawm ACTH(4-7), tswj kev qhia ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lub sij hawm ischemic hlwb raug mob hauv nas [J]. Molecular Genetics thiab Genomics, 2017,292(3):635-653.DOI:10.1007/s00438-017-1297-1.

[2] Puspita R, Pratamastuti D, Safitri A, et al. Lub peev xwm ntawm Semax Peptide Therapy mus rau MDA Qib thiab Protein Profile hauv Cov Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib (Rattus norvegicus), 2018 [C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90160574

[3] Dergunova LV, Dmitrieva VG, Filippenkov IB, et al. Cov tshuaj Peptide ACTH(4-7)PGP (Semax) Ncua tseg mRNA Cov ntawv sau tseg Encoding Proinflammatory Mediators Induced los ntawm Reversible Ischemia ntawm Rat Brain[J]. Molecular Biology, 2021,55(3):346-353.DOI:10.1134/S0026893321010040.

[4] Sudarkina OY, Filippenkov IB, Stavchansky VV, et al. Brain Protein Expression Profile Paub meej tias cov nyhuv tiv thaiv ntawm ACTH(4-7)PGP Peptide (Semax) hauv cov nas qauv ntawm Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021,22(12).DOI:10.3390/ijms22126179.

[5] Glazova NY, Manchenko DM, Volodina MA, et al. Semax, hluavtaws ACTH (4-10) analogue, txo qis kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab kev hloov pauv neurochemical tom qab lub neej ntxov ntawm fluvoxamine raug rau cov nas dawb [J]. Neuropeptides, 2021,86.DOI:10.1016/j.npep.2020.102114.

[6] Hadarceva K, Belyaeva E. Semax-application prospect (cov lus qhia luv luv).[J]. Clinical Medicine thiab Pharmacology, 2021.DOI:https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245468513.

[7] Lebedeva IS, Panikratova YR, Sokolov OY, et al. Cov teebmeem ntawm Semax ntawm Default Mode Network of the Brain[J]. Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tshuaj Kho Mob, 2018,165(5): 653-656.DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4234-3.

[8] Boyarshinova OS, Perepelkina OV, Markina NV, et al. Audiogenic Epilepsy nyob rau hauv cov nas me ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv tom qab Neonatal Semax Treatment [J]. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2008,146(1):86-88.DOI:10.1007/s10517-008-0212-5.

[9] Puspita R. Semax rau Kev Kho Mob Epilepsy [M]. 2020.DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/hcn3g.

[10] Glazova NY, Manchenko DM, Vilensky DA, et al. Cov teebmeem ntawm Semax hauv cov nas qauv ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab [J]. Phau ntawv Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry thiab Physiology, 2023,59(1):200-212.DOI:10.1134/S0022093023010179.

[11] Ashmarin IP, Nezavibatko VN, Myasoedov NF, et al. Nootropic analogue ntawm adrenocorticotropin 4-10-semax (qhov kev paub ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tshaj 15 xyoos) [J]. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni IP Pavlova, 1997,47(2): 420-430. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9173745/

Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.  

Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.