GLP-1 miligaramu 5

▎ GLP-1 ka baarakɛcogo

▎ GLP-1 Sɛgɛsɛgɛli

GLP-1 ka ɲininiw kɛcogo ye mun ye?

GLP-1 ye hadamaden ka glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue ye, a bɛ GLP-1 minɛbaga agoniste furaw kulu dɔ la. GLP-1 ye ɔrimɔni ye min bɛ sɔrɔ a yɛrɛ la, banakɔtaa selilɛriw bɛ min bɔ dumuni kɔfɛ, o bɛ inisɔndiya bɔli sabati ani ka sukaro bɔli bali walasa ka joli sukaro hakɛ labɛn. GLP-1 yiriwali bɔra ɲininibaw la minnu kɛra GLP-1 farikolo baarakɛcogo kan. GLP-1 tilancɛ si hakɛ ka surun farikolo la, miniti 1-2 ɲɔgɔn, barisa a bɛ tiɲɛ nɔgɔya la dipeptidil peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzymes fɛ farikolo la. Walasa ka se sɔrɔ o dantigɛli kan, dɔnnikɛlaw ye GLP-1 jɔcogo sɛmɛntiya, ka asidi aminikiw caman cili kɛ a la ani ka lakanajɛkuluw fara a kan walasa k’a ka se ka DPP-4 anzimuw kɛlɛ, o la, a ka baara kɛli waati janya ^farikolo la GLP-1 jɔcogo la, alanini min bɛ yɔrɔ 8nan na, o bɛ bila asidi α-aminoisobutyric (Aib) nɔ na, ​​o tɛ fura sabatili dɔrɔn ɲɛ, nka a bɛ a sirili fanga fana bonya ni GLP-1 ^minɛbagaw ye Asidi tuluma kɛrɛfɛ cakɛda kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ bɛ fara GLP-1 C-terminus kan, o min bɛ siri lisini tolen dɔ la γ-glutamine fɛ, o bɛ fura tilancɛ si janya ka taa a fɛ ani ka a to a ka pikiri kɛ siɲɛ kelen dɔgɔkun kɔnɔ walima ka a ta da la siɲɛ kelen ^tile kɔnɔ GLP-1 dabɔra a daminɛ na ka da GLP-1 nafama ɲininiw ni a caman cili kan, a laɲini ye ka furakɛli ɲuman di sukarodunbana suguya 2 banabagatɔw ma ^{[1, 2]} . Nin sigicogo ɲuman ninnu sababu fɛ, GLP-1 tɛ GLP-1 farikolo baara dɔrɔn mara, nka a bɛ a ka furakɛlicogo fana ɲɛ kosɛbɛ, ka kɛ GLP-1 minɛbaga agoniste ye min bɛ baara kɛ waati jan kɔnɔ, min nafa ka bon kɛnɛyako la. GLP-1 yiriwali ye ɲɛtaa nafama ye, min bɛ na ni furakɛli suguya kura ye sukarodunbana suguya 2 bɛ banabagatɔ minnu na. Ni a ye GLP-1 nafama sigicogo ɲuman kɛ, a bɛ se sɔrɔ a tilancɛ waati kunkurunnin dancɛ kan, ka fura in sabatili n’a baara kuntaala ɲɛ.

GLP-1 ka baarakɛcogo ye mun ye?

GLP-1 ye glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) minɛbaga agoniste ye min bɛ baara kɛ waati jan kɔnɔ, wa a kɛcogo bɛ sɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la nin fan ninnu fɛ:

Joli sukaro hakɛ labɛnni:

GLP-1 ye GLP-1 minɛbaga agoniste kura ye (GLP-1RA). A fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔ ye ka dumuni nege bali ni dumuni nege balili ye, ka dumuni tulumafɛnw diyabɔli dɔgɔya, ani ka balodɛsɛbanakisɛ baloyɔrɔ sɛmɛntiya walasa ka dumuni dunta dɔgɔya. A bɛ dɔ fara fasa fana kan, ka kɔnɔbara lankolonya bila kɔfɛ, ka kɔnɔbara lamagacogo dɔgɔya, o la, a bɛ se ka mɔgɔ girinya dɔgɔya. O girinya dɔgɔyali bɛ inisɔndiya sabati ani ka dɛmɛ don ka joli sukaro hakɛ labɛn ^[3] . GLP-1 bɛ girinya dɔgɔya sosow la ni senfagabana siraw jɛnsɛnnenw ye. Kɔlɔsiliw y’a jira ko a bɛ baara kɛ kunsɛmɛnasumaya, septal nucléus ani hypothalamus kan nka a tɛ joli ni kunsɛmɛ barika tigɛ. O nɔ na, ​​a bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni kunsɛmɛ ye ka tɛmɛ kɔnɔbara lamini yɔrɔw fɛ ani kɔnɔbara-kɛrɛfɛyɔrɔw fɛ. GLP-1 bɛ c-Fos baara sugunɛ yɔrɔ tan na, kɔfɛla yɔrɔ minnu laɲininen don k’a ɲɛsin u ma ani yɔrɔ filananw i n’a fɔ lateral parabrachial nucleus ni GLP-1R jɛɲɔgɔnya tilennen tɛ. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu kɛra otomatiki la, olu b’a jira ko baarakɛcogo bɛ tali kɛ parabrachial nucleus lateral neurons la minnu bɛ dumuni banbali kɔlɔsi, o la, u bɛ joli sukaro hakɛ labɛn ^{[4] .} .

Kɔnɔnatumuw labɛncogo:

GLP-1 bɛ baara kɛ GLP-1 minɛbagaw kan kɔnɔbara la, ka baara kɛ ni vagus nerve sira ye walasa ka kɔnɔbara lamagacogo sɛmɛntiya. A bɛ kɔnɔbara basigilenw bali, ka pyloric sphincter tension (piloric sphincter tension) sabati, ani ka kɔnɔbara dumuni marali janya, ka duodenal donni bila kɔfɛ ani ka joli sukaro jiginni bali dumuni kɔfɛ, o bɛ na ni a hakɛ ^ye sabatili Ka fara o kan, GLP-1 bɛ nɔ bila GLP-1 cɛmancɛ la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, hypothalamic arcuate ani paraventricular nucleus kɔnɔ. A bɛ dumuni nege bila mɔgɔ la i n’a fɔ neuropeptide Y (NPY) ani agouti-related protein (AgRP), ka sɔrɔ ka proopiomelanocortin (POMC) senfagabana baara walasa ka alfa-melanocyte-stimulant hormone (α-MSH) bɔli ^bonya fanga O walew bɛ fasa bila mɔgɔ la, ka kɔngɔ dɔgɔya, ka dumuni dunta dɔgɔya, o bɛ farikolo girinya kunbɛnni dɛmɛ ani ka joli sukaro kɔlɔsili ɲɛ cogo la min tɛ ɲɛ.

Dusukun ni jolisiraw lakanani:

GLP-1 bɛ ɔkisidi azotiki (NO) ni joli-sira-funu-minɛn wɛrɛw bɔli sabati joli-sira-funu-kɔnɔ-fɛnw na, o bɛ joli-sira-funu ni joli-sira-funu sabati. A bɛ funu ni oksidan degun fana bali, ka endoteliyali tiɲɛni ni joli siraw gɛlɛya dɔgɔya. Ni a bɛ dumuni nege ni dumuni dunta bali, a bɛ mɔgɔ farikolo girinya dɔgɔya, ka sukarodunbana ɲɛ, ka triglycérides ni lipoprotéines colestérol low-density (LDL-C) dɔgɔya, ani ka kolosinsinnanw (HDL-C) kɔrɔta. Ka fara o kan, a bɛ se ka tansiyɔn nafa ni a bɛ sugunɛbilenni ni farikolojidɛsɛ baarakɛcogo sɛmɛntiya, tansiyɔn jiginni farati dɔgɔya ani ka dusukunnabana faratiw dɔgɔya^ka .

GLP-1 ani WAT jiginni ka kɛ BAT ye ani BAT baarakɛcogo sɛbɛnniko ɲɛnabɔli.

Source: PubMed ^{[13] Ɲɛjirali dɔw.}

Kɔrɔbɔli jɔnjɔnw ni ɲininiw

Kemikoro sigicogo labɛnni n’a ɲɛnabɔli siratigɛ la, GLP-1 dilanni senfɛ, fɛɛrɛ dɔ tara min bɛ se ka kɛ ka a siri albumini na walasa ka fura in baara kuntaala janya. Ni asidi tulumaw ni ɲɔgɔndan ɲumanw faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan cogo ɲuman na, albumini sirili seko cayara ka sɔrɔ ka nafa mara GLP-1 minɛbaga (GLP-1R) kan (Knudsen LB, 2019).

Fura tali siratigɛ la, GLP-1 bɛ mɔgɔ farikolo girinya dɔgɔyali nɔ ɲumanw bɔ. GLP-1 ye pepitiri-1 minɛbaga ye min bɛ i n’a fɔ glucagon (GLP-1 RA) min bɛ bɔli tilancɛ janya, o bɛ a to dɔgɔkun o dɔgɔkun pikiri bɛ kɛ farikolo jukɔrɔ. A ka girinya dɔgɔyali nɔ ye kabako ye. Sukarodunbana suguya 2 (T2DM) bɛ banabagatɔ minnu na, a bɛ i n’a fɔ GLP-1 pikiri kɛli farikolo jukɔrɔ dɔgɔkun o dɔgɔkun, o nafa ka bon farikolojidɛsɛ la ka tɛmɛ dɔgɔkun GLP-1RA tɔw kan. Fasa II tata hakɛ ɲinini sɛgɛsɛgɛli la banabagatɔ fasalenw kan minnu tɛ T2DM sɔrɔ, GLP-1 pikiri kɛli farikolo jukɔrɔ siɲɛ kelen tile kɔnɔ, o nafa ka bon farikolojidɛsɛ la ka tɛmɛ furakisɛ ni liraglutide miligaramu 3,0 kan siɲɛ kelen don o don. GLP-1 ka girinya dɔgɔyali min kɛra nin ɲinini in na, o tɛmɛna fasa furaw hakɛ kan, Erɔpu furakɛlitɔn (EMA) ani Ameriki dumuniko ni furako ɲɛmɔgɔso (FDA) ye min sigi sen kan, lakanako si tɛ a la, o b’a jira ko GLP-1 pikiri kɛli farikolo jukɔrɔ siɲɛ kelen don o don, o bɛ se ka kɛ farikolojidɛsɛ fura ye ^sini .

GLP-1 bɛ se ka dusukun baara ɲɛ, wa a bɛ kɛ ka dusukunnabana furakɛ. STEP-HFpEF sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw laseli kɛra, o la, sukarodunbanakisɛfagalan min bɛ i n’a fɔ pepitiri 1 agoniste GLP-1, o hakɛ caman ye dusukun tantanni taamasiɲɛw ɲɛ kosɛbɛ ni ejection fraction preserved (HFpEF) ye ani ka N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) hakɛ dɔgɔya. Nin ɲinini in ye GLP-1 furakɛli jugumanba nɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛ hadamaden kiniyanfan ɲɛdawolo la minnu bɛ u dan na, wa a y’a jira ko GLP-1 bɛ dɔ fara hadamadenw ka ɲɛgɛnɛsiraw tansiyɔn kan ka tɛmɛ siɲɛ saba kan cogo la min bɛ bɔ a tata hakɛ la, k’a sɔrɔ a ma dɔ fara farikolojidɛsɛ teli kan. O nɔ in ka teli ka bɔ sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ tali caya la. GLP-1 tata hakɛ caman furakɛli dusukun tantanni banabagatɔw la, o bɛ se ka ɲɛdawolo baara ɲɛ ani o cogo la ka bana taamasiɲɛw nɔgɔya ^{[8] .} .

GLP-1 bɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ walasa ka sugunɛbilenni min tɛ dɔlɔ ye (NASH) furakɛli la. A dilanni hakilitigi ye dɛmɛba don joli sukaro kɔlɔsili la, girinya, tansiyɔn, tulumafɛnw, β-cell baara, ani dusukun ni jolisiraw ka baarakɛcogo ɲɛ sukarodunbana suguya 2 bɛ banabagatɔ minnu na. Ka fara o kan, GLP-1 furakɛcogo da la, o bɛ se ka nafa wɛrɛw lase banabagatɔw ma furakɛli labatoli siratigɛ la ^[9]. .

Danfara minnu bɛ GLP-1 ka girinya dɔgɔyali nɔw la jamanadenw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ

Kisɛya dɔgɔyali nɔ minnu bɛ balikuw la minnu ka dusukunnabana bɛ u la, minnu girinya ka ca walima minnu ka fasa ni sukarodunbana tɛ u la: 

SELECT dusukun ni jolisiraw kɔlɔlɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, GLP-1 ye dusukun ni jolisiraw kɔlɔlɔbaw (MACE) dɔgɔya ni 20% ye baliku 17604 la, dusukunnabana bɛ minnu na, u girinya ka ca walima u fasalen don, ani sukarodunbana tɛ ^la u Nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in kɔnɔ min tun ɲɛfɔra ka kɔn, ɲininikɛlaw ye GLP-1 nɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛ farikolo girinya, farikolo jateminɛ kɔlɔlɔw, lakana ani muɲuli kan ka kɛɲɛ ni farikolo girinya hakɛ basigilen (IMC) ye. Banabagatɔ minnu bɛ GLP-1 ta, olu girinya dɔgɔyara tuma bɛɛ dɔgɔkun 65 kɔnɔ, o bɛ to sen na fo san 4. Dɔgɔkun 208 kɔnɔ, GLP-1 kɛra sababu ye ka dɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ girinya hakɛ la (-10,2%), cɛmancɛ lamini (-7,7 cm), ani cɛmancɛ ni cɛmancɛ hakɛ (-6,9%) ni i ye a suma ni furakisɛ ta ye (-1,5%, -1,3 santimɛtɛrɛ, ani -1,0%, o cogo kelen na; sumani bɛɛ kɛra jateminɛ nafama ye cɛw ni musow, siya bɛɛ, farikolo suguyaw, ani maraw GLP-1 tun bɛ tali kɛ kɔlɔlɔ jugumanw na minnu ka dɔgɔn BMI suguya kelen-kelen bɛɛ la (<30, 30 ka se <35, 35 ka se <40, ani ≥40 kg/m²), GLP-1 ka ko jugu juguw hakɛ tun ka dɔgɔn (ko minnu kɛra mɔgɔ san 100 kɔnɔ: 43,23,. 43,54, 51,07, ani 47,06 ni 50,48, 49,66, 52,73, ani 60,85 ye furakisɛ tali la). ɲɛtaa bɛ sɔrɔ ni i ye a suma ni furakisɛ ye dɔgɔkun 208 kɔnɔ, ni girinya dɔgɔyali bɛ to senna san 4 kɔnɔ.

Kisɛya dɔgɔyali nɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ mɔgɔ fasalenw na walima mɔgɔ minnu girinya ka ca, sukarodunbana tɛ minnu na:  

Seginkanni kɛcogo sigilen dɔ ye GLP-1 nafa ni a lakanani jateminɛ mɔgɔ fasalenw walima mɔgɔ minnu girinya ka ca, sukarodunbana tɛ minnu na ^[11] . Nin seginnkanni in ye kɛnɛyako sɛgɛsɛgɛli caman jaabiw lajɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ, ka GLP-1 nɔ jira farikolo girinya dɔgɔyali la, farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogoyaw la, ani kɛnɛyako bɛɛ lajɛlen na. Sɔrɔw y’a jira ko GLP-1 bɛ tali kɛ farikolo girinya dɔgɔyaliba la ani ka ɲɛtaa sɔrɔ kɛnɛya jateminɛw la minnu bɛ tali kɛ fasa la, o b’a jira ko a bɛ se ka kɛ furakɛli fɛɛrɛ nafama ye fasa banabagatɔw bolo. 

Kisɛya dɔgɔyali nɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ banabagatɔw la minnu tɛ sukarodunbana ye (Dalilu minnu bɔra RCT caman na): 

Kɔrɔbɔli naani minnu kɛra ni mɔgɔw ye (RCT) minnu kɛra banabagatɔw kan minnu girinya daminɛna kilogaramu 96–105 ye, olu ye dɔgɔkun o dɔgɔkun GLP-1 miligaramu 2,4 jateminɛ farikolo jukɔrɔ ka fara ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo fɛɛrɛw kan (ladili, dumunikɛcogo, farikoloɲɛnajɛ) walasa ka farikolo ^girinya dɔgɔya RCT kelen min kɛra banabagatɔw la minnu tɛ sukarodunbanabagatɔ ye (N = 1961) o y’a jira ko u girinya hakɛ cayalenba ye 15% (kg 15) ye ka tɛmɛ 2% (kg 3) kan ni furakisɛ ye dɔgɔkun 68 kɔfɛ (jateminɛ na). Banabagatɔ minnu ye ≥5% girinya sɔrɔ, olu hakɛ kɛra 86% ye ni 32% ye (hakɛ min ka kan ka furakɛ [NNT] = 2), ani ≥10% girinya dɔgɔyali kɛra 69% ye ni 12% ye (NNT = 2). Kisɛya dɔgɔyali kɛra plateau ye ~dɔgɔkun 60 la. Kɔnɔbara basigilen kɔlɔlɔw (AE) kɛra 74% la ni 48% ye (hakɛ min ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka kojugu kɛ [NNH] = 3). A dabila ka da AEw kan, o kɛra 7% ye ni 3% ye (NNH = 25). O jaabi kelenw kɔlɔsira RCT wɛrɛ la ni ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo ɲuman ye (N = 611): GLP-1 ye 16% (kg 17) kɛ ni 6% (kg 6) ye. Dɔgɔkun hakɛ ɲinini RCT la banabagatɔw la minnu tɛ sukarodunbanabagatɔ ye (N = 1210), dɔgɔkun o dɔgɔkun GLP-1 miligaramu 2,4, GLP-1 miligaramu 1,0, walima furakisɛ, o ye girinya hakɛ cayalenba lase 10%, 7% ani 3% ma dɔgɔkun 68 kɔfɛ. Hakɛ minnu ye ≥5% sɔrɔ, olu ye 69% (miligaramu 2,4), 57% (miligaramu 1,0), ani 29% (pikirijikɛlan) ye. Ni miligaramu 2,4 ni miligaramu 1,0 ye, NNT = 9. AE cogoyaw tun bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta fura tata hakɛ bɛɛ la. Kisɛya sabatili RCT (N = 803) la, mɔgɔ minnu tɛ sukarodunbanabagatɔ ye, olu ye GLP-1 miligaramu 2,4 ta dɔgɔkun o dɔgɔkun dɔgɔkun 20 kɔnɔ, o kɔfɛ, u bilala ka taa ɲɛ GLP-1 la walima ka wuli ka taa furakisɛ la. Dɔgɔkun 48 kɔfɛ, GLP-1 tali tɛmɛnenw bɔnɛna 8% na ni furakisɛ talikɛlaw ye 7% sɔrɔ. 

Kuma surun na, GLP-1 ye GLP-1 minɛbaga agoniste ye min nafa ka bon yɔrɔ caman na. Sukarodunbana furakɛli la, a bɛ siri GLP-1 sɔrɔyɔrɔw la walasa ka inisɔndiya bɔli sabati ani ka sukaro bɔli bali, ka joli sukaro hakɛ kɔlɔsi ka ɲɛ ani ka furakɛli suguya nafama di sukarodunbana suguya 2 banabagatɔw ma. Fasa furakɛli siratigɛ la, GLP-1 bɛ se ka fanga sɔrɔli dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ fɛɛrɛw fɛ i n’a fɔ dumuni nege dabila cɛmancɛ la ani kɔnɔbara lankolonya bilali kɔfɛ, o bɛ fasa banabagatɔw dɛmɛ u ka u girinya dɔgɔya ani ka u ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogo ɲɛ. Ka fara o kan, GLP-1 bɛ baarakɛcogo jira min bɛ se ka kɛ dusukunnabana kunbɛnni n’a furakɛli la, wa a ka dusukun ni jolisiraw faratiw ɲɛnabɔli bɛ fɛɛrɛ kura di walasa ka dusukun ni jolisiraw ka ko kɛlenw dɔgɔya. GLP-1 bɔli tɛ banaw furakɛli fɛɛrɛw nafa dɔrɔn, nka a bɛ jigiya kura fana lase banabagatɔw ka ɲɛnamaya ni u ka kɛnɛya sabatili ma.

A sɛbɛnbaga ko la

Fɛn minnu kofɔlen dòn san fɛ, olu bɛɛ ɲinini Kɛra, k’u Labɛn ani k’u Lajɛ Cocer Peptides fɛ.

Dɔnniya gafe sɛbɛnbaga

Hegner P ye ɲininikɛla ye Regensburg Iniwɛrisite la. A ka baara ɲɛsinnen bɛ Chimie, Cardiovasculaire System ani Cardiologie ma. Simi la, a bɛ waleyaw sɛgɛsɛgɛ minnu sirilen bɛ dusukun ni jolisiraw ka kɛnɛya la. Cardiovascular System kalanw na, a bɛ dusukun ni joli siraw baarakɛcogo sɛgɛsɛgɛ, ka furakɛli hakilinaw ɲini. A ka Dusukunnataw ɲininiw sinsinnen bɛ dusukunnabana kunbɛnni, a sɛgɛsɛgɛli ani a furakɛli kan.

Hegner ka dɛmɛw nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. A ka kemikoro dɔnniyaw ye dusukun ni jolisiraw fura kura dilanni lawuli. A ka baara min kɛra dusukun ni joli siraw kɛcogo kan, o ye dɔ fara dusukun ni jolisiraw ka banaw faamuyali kan. Dɔgɔtɔrɔso siratigɛ la, a ka ɲininiw ye dusukunnabana furakɛli ɲɛ, ka banabagatɔw ladonni sariyaw kɔrɔta. Kuma bɛɛ la, Hegner ka fɛɛrɛ caman bɛ dusukun ni jolisiraw furakɛli nafa, ka jigiya di banaw doni dɔgɔyali ma ani banabagatɔw ka ɲɛtaa ɲuman. Hegner P tɔgɔ sɛbɛnnen bɛ citation (citation) ɲɛfɔli sɛbɛn kɔnɔ [8].

▎ Sɛbɛn minnu bɛ tali kɛ o la

[1] Memon A, Tehrim M, Kumari B. GLP-1: sɔgɔmada kura sukarodunbanabagatɔw ye[J]. Pakistan dɔgɔtɔrɔso jɛkulu ka gafe, 2023,73(3):721.DOI:10.47391/JPMA.7558.

[2] Ma H, Huang W, Wang X, ani mɔgɔ wɛrɛw. Jateminɛw sigicogo kan GLP-1R baarakɛcogo kan ni agoniste molekilɛri fitinin ye[J]. Selilɛri ɲinini, 2020,30(12):1140-1142.DOI:10.1038/s41422-020-0384-8.

[3] Kim HS, Jung C H. GLP-1 da la, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist fɔlɔ min bɛ dun: Yala a bɛ se ka kɛ marifa ye min bɛ se ka kɛ sukarodunbana suguya 2 ye wa?[J]. Duniya kɔnɔ, 2021,22(18).DOI:10.3390/ijms22189936.

[4] Gabery S, Salinas C. G., Paulsen S. J., ani mɔgɔ wɛrɛw. GLP-1 bɛ farikolo girinya dɔgɔya sosow la ni senfagabana siraw jɛnsɛnnenw ye[J]. Jci Hakilila, 2020,5(6).DOI:10.1172/jci.hakilila.133429.

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BƐƐRƐ KUNNAFONIW NI FƐRƐW KUNNAFONIW BƐƐ MIN BƐ NI WEBSITE KAN NA, U BƐ KUNNAFONIW FƆLƆ DƆRƆN NI KALANSENW YE.  

Fɛn minnu bɛ di nin siti in kan, olu dabɔra ɲininiw dɔrɔn kama in vitro. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli in vitro (latinkan na: *in glass*, o kɔrɔ ye gilasi minɛnw na) bɛ kɛ hadamaden farikolo kɔkan. Nin fura ninnu tɛ furaw ye, Ameriki dumuniko ni furako ɲɛmɔgɔso (FDA) ma sɔn u ma, wa u man kan ka kɛ ka furakɛli bana, bana walima bana si bali, k’a furakɛ, walima k’a furakɛ. A dagalen don kosɛbɛ sariya fɛ ka nin fɛn ninnu don hadamaden walima bagan farikolo la cogo o cogo.