By Cocer Peptides 
kwanaki 29 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Magungunan Peptide da magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na gargajiya duka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka magunguna da aikace-aikacen asibiti, amma sun bambanta dangane da tsarin aikin su da halayen aikace-aikacen.
Hoto 1 Kwatanta magungunan peptide na cyclic zuwa ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ilimin halitta.
1. Tsarin Aiki
Hanyar aikin magungunan peptide: Magungunan Peptide yawanci suna yin tasirin su ta hanyar ɗaure takamaiman masu karɓa a cikin jiki. Saboda kamannin tsarin su da peptides na bioactive na endogenous, za su iya musamman ganewa da ɗaure masu karɓa masu dacewa, kunnawa ko hana hanyoyin siginar mai karɓar mai karɓa don daidaita ayyukan ilimin halittar jiki. Insulin wani nau'in maganin peptide ne na yau da kullun wanda ke ɗaure ga masu karɓar insulin akan saman tantanin halitta, yana farawa da jerin hanyoyin sarrafa sigina don haɓaka ɗaukar glucose da amfani da sel, ta haka yana rage matakan glucose na jini.
Wasu magungunan peptide na iya yin kwaikwayon ayyukan peptides na halitta. Bayan dauri ga masu karɓa a saman tantanin halitta, suna tsara tsarin tafiyar da salula irin su yaduwa, bambance-bambance, da apoptosis, kuma ana amfani da su don magance cututtuka daban-daban kamar ciwon daji da cututtukan zuciya. Sauran magungunan peptide na iya yin aiki azaman masu hanawa ko masu hana enzymes, suna shafar ayyukan enzyme kuma ta haka ne ke daidaita hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin jiki.
Hanyar aiwatar da magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na gargajiya: Hanyoyin aiwatar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na gargajiya sun bambanta. Yawancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna yin tasirin su ta hanyar ɗaure ga maƙasudin furotin, wanda zai iya zama enzymes, masu karɓa, tashoshin ion, da dai sauransu. Magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal (NSAIDs) irin su aspirin suna hana ayyukan cyclooxygenase (COX), rage ƙwayar prostaglandin, don haka yana haifar da anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, da antipyretic. Haɗin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ga maƙasudi yawanci ya dogara ne akan rundunonin ƙwayoyin cuta kamar su hydrogen bonds, van der Waals sojojin, da haɗin gwiwar ionic. Wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya shigar da su cikin tsarin DNA na helix guda biyu, suna tsoma baki tare da yin amfani da DNA da tsarin rubutun, kuma ana amfani da su don magance cututtuka irin su ciwace-ciwace. Sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya tsara tashoshi na ion a cikin membranes tantanin halitta, suna tasiri ayyukan electrophysiological salon salula. Misali, magungunan antiarrhythmic suna aiki akan tashoshi ion a cikin membranes na ƙwayoyin tsoka na zuciya don daidaita bugun zuciya.
2. Aikace-aikace
Aikace-aikace a cikin maganin cututtuka - Magungunan Peptide: Magungunan Peptide suna nuna fa'idodi na musamman a cikin maganin cututtuka daban-daban. A cikin maganin ciwon sukari, ban da insulin, glucagon-kamar peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues wani muhimmin rukunin magungunan peptide ne. Suna haɓaka ƙwayar insulin, suna hana sakin glucagon, da jinkirta zubar da ciki, ta haka ne ke rage matakan glucose na jini, tare da fa'idodi kamar ƙarancin haɗarin hypoglycemia da sarrafa nauyi. A cikin maganin ciwon daji, wasu peptides na anticancer na iya ɗaure ga takamaiman masu karɓa a saman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, haifar da apoptosis cell tumor ko hana ƙwayar cutar angiogenesis, don haka cimma burin hana ci gaban ƙari da metastasis. A cikin maganin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, wasu magungunan peptide na iya daidaita sautin jijiyoyin jini kuma suna hana haɓakar platelet, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rigakafi da magance cututtukan zuciya. Magungunan Peptide kuma suna da wasu iyakoki, kamar ƙarancin bioavailability na baka, yawanci suna buƙatar gudanarwa ta hanyoyin da ba na baka ba kamar allura, wanda zuwa wani lokaci yana iyakance jin daɗin haƙuri a cikin amfani da magani.
Aikace-aikace a cikin maganin cututtuka - Magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na gargajiya: Ana amfani da magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin saitunan asibiti, suna rufe wurare daban-daban na cututtuka. A fagen kula da cututtuka, maganin rigakafi da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya hana ko kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta, suna ceton rayuka marasa adadi. A cikin jiyya na cututtukan zuciya, statins suna hana HMG-CoA reductase don rage ƙwayar cholesterol, ta haka ne hanawa da magance cututtukan zuciya. A cikin maganin cututtukan hauka da na jijiya, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta irin su magungunan rage damuwa da magungunan rigakafi na iya daidaita matakan neurotransmitter ko ayyuka, don haka inganta alamun marasa lafiya. Fa'idodin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa na baka, tare da yawancin ana gudanar da su ta baki, yana haifar da ingantaccen bin haƙuri.
Sources
[1] Ji X, Nielsen AL, Heinis C. Cyclic Peptides don Ci gaban Drug[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2023,63:e202308251.DOI:10.1002/anie.202308251.
[2] Rahman MA, Akter S, Dorotea D, et al. Abubuwan da ba su da kariya na ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta na samfuran halitta waɗanda ke yin niyya ga tabarbarewar mitochondrial[J]. Iyaka a cikin Ilimin Magunguna, 2022,13:925993.DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.925993.
