Na Cocer Peptides 
29 lā aku nei
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau peptide a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pāʻani i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā noi lapaʻau, akā ʻokoʻa lākou i nā ʻano o kā lākou hana a me nā ʻano noi.
Kiʻi 1 Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau cyclic peptide i nā molekole liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā mea olaola.
1. Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of action of peptide drugs: Hoʻohana maʻamau nā lāʻau peptide i ko lākou hopena ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea loaʻa i loko o ke kino. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano like me ka endogenous bioactive peptides, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo pono a hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻokipa kūpono, hoʻōla a pale ʻana paha i nā ala hōʻailona e hoʻoponopono i nā hana physiological cellular. ʻO ka insulin kahi lāʻau peptide maʻamau e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea hoʻokipa insulin ma ka ʻili o ke kelepona, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi ʻano o nā kaʻina transduction hōʻailona e hoʻoikaika i ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka glucose e nā cell, a laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae glucose koko.
Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau peptide ke hoʻohālike i nā hana o nā peptides maoli. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻokipa ma ka ʻili o ke kelepona, hoʻoponopono lākou i nā kaʻina cellular e like me ka proliferation, differentiation, a me apoptosis, a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi like ʻole e like me ke kanesa a me nā maʻi cardiovascular. Hiki i nā lāʻau peptide ʻē aʻe ke hana ma ke ʻano he substrates a i ʻole inhibitors o nā enzymes, e pili ana i ka hana enzyme a laila e hoʻoponopono i nā kaʻina metabolic i ke kino.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o nā lāʻau mole liʻiliʻi maʻamau: He ʻokoʻa nā hana o ka hana o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻokō i kā lākou hopena ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pahuhopu protein, hiki ke lilo i nā enzymes, receptors, ion channels, etc. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) e like me ka aspirin inhibit i ka hana o cyclooxygenase (COX), e hōʻemi ana i ka synthesis prostaglandin, a laila e hana ana i nā hopena anti-inflammatory, analgesic, a me antipyretic. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi-mole i nā pahuhopu e hoʻokumu maʻamau ʻia i nā ikaika intermolecular e like me nā paʻa hydrogen, nā kaha van der Waals, a me nā paʻa ionic. Hiki ke hoʻokomo i kekahi mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o ka DNA double helix structure, ke keʻakeʻa ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana o DNA a me nā kaʻina hana transcription, a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi e like me nā ʻōpū. Hiki i nā lāʻau lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke hoʻoponopono i nā kahawai ion i nā membrane cell, e pili ana i nā hana electrophysiological cell. No ka laʻana, hana nā lāʻau antiarrhythmic i nā kaila ion i nā membrane cell muscle cardiac e hoʻoponopono i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.
2. Nā noi
Nā noi i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi - Nā lāʻau peptide: Hōʻike nā lāʻau peptide i nā pono kūʻokoʻa i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole. I ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, ma kahi o ka insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues kekahi papa nui o nā lāʻau peptide. Hoʻoikaika lākou i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin, kaohi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka glucagon, a hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpū, a laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko, me nā mea maikaʻi e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hypoglycemia a me ka mālama kaumaha. I ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, hiki i kekahi mau peptides anticancer ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea loaʻa kikoʻī ma ka ʻili o nā cell tumor, e hoʻoulu ai i ka apoptosis cell tumor a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i ka angiogenesis tumor, a laila e hoʻokō ai i ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi tumora a me ka metastasis. I ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi cardiovascular, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau peptide ke hoʻoponopono i ka leo vascular a keʻakeʻa i ka platelet aggregation, e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana nui i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular. Loaʻa i nā lāʻau peptide kekahi mau palena, e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka waha, maʻamau e koi ana i ka hoʻokele ʻana ma o nā ala waha ʻole e like me ka injection, kahi i kaupalena ʻia ai ka ʻoluʻolu o ka poʻe maʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā hoʻohana ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi - Nā lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi maʻamau: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi lapaʻau, e uhi ana i nā wahi maʻi like ʻole. Ma ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, hiki i nā lāʻau antibiotic a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke kāohi a pepehi paha i ka bacteria, virus, a me nā pathogens ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopakele i nā ola he nui. I ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi cardiovascular, nā statins ke kāohi i ka HMG-CoA reductase e hōʻemi i ka synthesis cholesterol, no laila e pale a mālama i nā maʻi cardiovascular. I ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi psychiatric a me nā neurological, hiki i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e like me nā antidepressants a me nā lāʻau antiepileptic ke hoʻoponopono i nā pae neurotransmitter a i ʻole nā hana, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi-mole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka bioavailability waha, me ka hapa nui o ka lawelawe waha ʻana, e hopena i ka hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomanawanui.
Nā kumu
[1] Ji X, Nielsen AL, Heinis C. Cyclic Peptides for Drug Development[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2023,63:e202308251.DOI:10.1002/anie.202308251.
[2] Rahman MA, Akter S, Dorotea D, et al. Hiki ke hoʻololi hou i nā huahana kūlohelohe liʻiliʻi e kuhikuhi ana i ka dysfunction mitochondrial [J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022,13:925993.DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.925993.
