By Cocer Peptides 
kwanaki 27 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Dubawa
Melanotan-1 (MT-1) wani ultra-high-efficiency synthetic melanocyte-stimulating peptide, wani nau'i na roba na melanocortin na hormone da ke faruwa a zahiri, wanda ya ba da kulawa sosai a cikin masana'antar kyakkyawa. Analogs na Melanocortin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ilimin halittar fata, suna hulɗa tare da takamaiman masu karɓa don daidaita samar da melanin. Melanotan - 1 yana kwaikwayon tsarin halitta na melanocortin, yana tasiri tsarin launi na fata, wanda ya zama tushen aikace-aikacensa a cikin masana'antar kyakkyawa.
Hoto 2 Tsarin sinadaran Melanotan – 1.
A tarihi, bincike kan Melanotan-1 ya fara ne da zurfafa bincike na hanyoyin daidaita launin fata. Yayin da neman kyaun mutane ke ci gaba da hauhawa, musamman bukatar tasirin fatar fata, masu bincike sun kara mayar da hankali kan abubuwan da za su iya daidaita samar da melanin.
Tsarin Aiki
(1) Daure ga Masu karɓar Melanocortin
Makullin ingancin Melanotan-1 ya ta'allaka ne cikin ikonsa na ɗaure masu karɓar melanocortin (MC1R). MC1R shine mai karɓar furotin G wanda aka haɗa da farko a saman melanocytes. Lokacin da Melanotan-1 ya ɗaure zuwa MC1R, yana haifar da jerin abubuwan watsa siginar ciki. Wannan ɗaurin yana kunna furotin G tare da MC1R, wanda kuma yana kunna adenylate cyclase, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka a cikin matakan adenosine monophosphate na intracellular cyclic (cAMP). Yunƙurin a cikin cAMP yana ƙara kunna furotin kinase A (PKA), wanda ke daidaita maganganun ƙwayoyin halittar melanin da ke da alaƙa ta hanyar phosphorylating ma'aunin rubutun ƙasa, ma'aunin rubutu na microphthalmia (MITF).
Hoto 2 Ƙungiya tsakanin matsakaicin canji a cikin ƙwayar melanin da ƙananan ƙwayar melanin a cikin babba na ciki a cikin mutane ITT.
(2) Ƙa'idar maganganun kwayoyin halitta masu alaƙa da haɗin melanin
MITF shine maɓalli mai mahimmancin rubutu a cikin tsarin haɗin melanin, mai iya daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halitta da yawa da ke ɓoye enzymes da ke cikin haɗin melanin, tare da tyrosinase shine mafi mahimmanci. Tyrosinase shine enzyme mai iyakancewa a cikin haɗin melanin, yana haifar da jujjuyawar tyrosine a hankali zuwa dopaquinone, wanda aka haɗa shi zuwa melanin. Melanotan-1 yana inganta ayyukan MITF, yana ƙara yawan maganganun tyrosinase da sauran enzymes da ke da alaƙa da melanin, ta haka yana haɓaka tsarin haɗin melanin. Melanotan-1 na iya rinjayar maganganun wasu kwayoyin halitta da suka danganci haɗin melanin, irin su dopa-colorin interconverting enzyme (DCT), da sauransu. Wadannan enzymes suna aiki tare don haɓaka haɗin melanin da tarawa, a ƙarshe yana haifar da launin fata mai duhu.
(3) Tasirin haɗin kai na hanyoyin siginar intracellular
Baya ga hanyar siginar CAMP-PKA-MITF ta yau da kullun da aka ambata a sama, Melanotan-1 na iya daidaita haɗin melanin ta hanyar sauran hanyoyin siginar salula. Yana iya yin tasiri akan hanyar siginar furotin mai kunnawa (MAPK). A cikin melanocytes, hanyar siginar MAPK tana shiga cikin daidaita hanyoyin rayuwa daban-daban kamar yaduwar tantanin halitta, bambance-bambance, da rayuwa. Melanotan-1 na iya kunna hanyar siginar MAPK don ƙara haɓaka haɓakar melanocyte da haɗin melanin. Hakanan ana iya haɗa hanyar siginar PI3K-Akt tare da tasirin Melanotan-1. Wannan hanyar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɓakar sel, rayuwa, da tsarin rayuwa, mai yuwuwar samar da tushen da ake buƙata na rayuwa don haɓakar melanin ta hanyar daidaita hanyoyin rayuwa ta cikin salula.
Gudunmawa a Masana'antar Kyawawa
(1) Inganta Tashin Fata
Bayyana Tasirin Tanning
Mafi kyawun tasirin kwaskwarima na Melanotan-1 shine ikonsa na haɓaka fatar fata. Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayan gudanar da Melanotan-1 ta hanyar allurar subcutaneous ko wasu hanyoyin da suka dace na gudanarwa, ana iya ganin gagarumin duhun launin fata a cikin batutuwa. A cikin binciken da ya shafi masu aikin sa kai na maza masu lafiya, allurar subcutaneous na Melanotan-1 a kashi na 0.08-0.21 mg/kg an ci gaba da gudanar da shi har tsawon kwanaki 5 akan makonni 2 (masu allurai 10). Sakamakon ya nuna gagarumin tanning a wurare kamar goshi, hannaye, da wuyan batutuwa. Wannan tasirin tanning ba ya haifar da lalacewa ta UV amma a maimakon haka ta ƙara haɓakar melanin na endogenous, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin ko da sautin fata na halitta.
Tsawon tasirin tanning
Tasirin fatar fata da Melanotan-1 ya haifar yana da ɗan tsayin daka. Nazarin ya gano cewa tasirin tanning ya kai kololuwar kusan mako guda bayan gudanarwa, kuma ko da makonni uku bayan kammala tsarin kashi goma, launin fata ya kasance da duhu fiye da kafin magani. Wannan yana nuna cewa Melanotan-1 ba wai kawai yana inganta haɓakar melanin yadda ya kamata ba har ma da cewa melanin da aka samar ta wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwar za'a iya kiyaye shi a cikin fata na ɗan lokaci, don haka yana riƙe da tasirin bayyanar tanning.
(2) Tasirin kariya mai yuwuwar fata
Tsarin kariya na UV
Melanin yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin shinge na halitta don fata daga radiation UV. Ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakar melanin, Melanotan-1 a ka'ida yana haɓaka ikon fata don sha da watsar da hasken UV, ta haka yana rage lalacewar UV da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin fata. Melanin yana shayar da makamashin UV kuma yana canza shi zuwa makamashin thermal don saki, don haka yana rage haɗarin lalacewar UV ga macromolecules na halitta kamar DNA da sunadarai. Bugu da ƙari, melanin na iya daidaita tsarin rigakafi na fata don rage amsawar UV da ke haifar da kumburi, yana kara kare fata daga lalacewa.
Shaidar Bincike mai alaƙa
Kodayake nazarin asibiti game da tasirin kariya na fata kai tsaye na Melanotan-1 a halin yanzu yana iyakance, yuwuwar sa na kariya ta UV za a iya ƙididdige shi bisa ga ayyukan physiological na melanin da ikon Melanotan-1 don haɓaka haɓakar melanin. Wasu nazarin in vitro sun nuna cewa melanocytes da aka bi da su tare da Melanotan-1 suna nuna ƙananan matakan nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) da kuma rage yawan apoptosis bayan bayyanar UV, yana nuna cewa Melanotan-1 na iya haɓaka juriyar fata zuwa radiation UV ta hanyar haɓaka haɗin melanin.
(3) Sauran abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da bayyanar fata
Ingantattun nau'in fata
Wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa Melanotan-1 na iya samun tasiri mai kyau akan rubutun fata. Ƙara haɓakar melanin na iya haɓaka metabolism na salula, inganta haɓakawa da sabuntawa na collagen da fibers na roba. A cikin wasu ƙananan ƙananan nazarin binciken, wasu mahalarta sun ba da rahoton cewa fatar jikinsu ya zama mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi, kuma ya nuna ingantawa a cikin layi mai kyau da wrinkles bayan amfani da Melanotan-1. Wannan yana da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun tsarin metabolism na matrix na fata ta hanyar siginar siginar intracellular da aka kunna yayin haɗin melanin.
Rage launin fata
Wasu nazarin sun kuma lura cewa Melanotan-1 na iya samun wani tasiri a kan pigmentation na fata. Samuwar pigmentation na fata yawanci yana da alaƙa da cuta a cikin metabolism na melanin. Ta hanyar daidaita ƙwayar melanin da rarrabawa, Melanotan-1 na iya taimakawa wajen rarraba melanin a cikin fata, ta haka ne rage ganuwa na pigmentation.
Aikace-aikace a fagen ƙawata
Bayan alluran subcutaneous, Melanotan-1 jiki yana shanye gaba ɗaya, yana nuna yanayin rayuwa iri ɗaya kamar gudanarwar cikin jijiya. A cikin binciken kantin magani wanda aka kwatanta hanyoyin daban-daban na gudanarwa, allurar subcutaneous na Melanotan-1 a allurai na 0.08-0.21 mg / kg ya haifar da ƙididdigar ƙwayar cuta a cikin plasma, tare da rabin rayuwar plasma na sa'o'i 0.07-0.79 yayin lokacin sha da sa'o'i 0.8-1.7 yayin lokacin β. Abubuwan da ke tattare da allurar subcutaneous sun haɗa da gudanarwa mai sauƙi da kwanciyar hankali sha. duk da haka, yana da wasu iyakoki, kamar yuwuwar ciwon gida, jajaye, da sauran halayen wurin allura.
4. Kwatanta da Sauran Hanyoyi masu Kyau
Kwatanta da Hanyoyin Wankan Rana na Gargajiya
Yin wanka na al'ada hanya ce ta gama gari don cimma tasirin fatar fata, amma wannan hanyar tana da illa da yawa. Tsawaita bayyanar da hasken ultraviolet (UV) yana ƙara haɗarin cutar kansar fata, ɗaukar hoto, da sauran yanayi, yayin da kuma yana iya haifar da kunar rana, bushewa, da wrinkles. Melanotan-1-induced fata fata ana samun ta ta hanyar ƙara endogenous melanin kira, a ka'idar guje wa lalacewa ta hanyar kai tsaye UV fallasa. Duk da haka, tun da har yanzu ba a tabbatar da amincin Melanotan-1 ba, a halin yanzu ba zai iya maye gurbin sunbathing na gargajiya gabaɗaya a matsayin amintacciyar hanyar tanning.
Kwatanta da Samfuran Tanning na wucin gadi
Akwai wasu samfuran fata na wucin gadi da ake samarwa a kasuwa, irin su ruwan shafa fuska, waɗanda galibi suna amsawa da amino acid a saman fata don ƙirƙirar launi mai kama. Idan aka kwatanta da Melanotan-1, samfuran tanning na wucin gadi suna aiki akan saman fata, wanda ke haifar da ɗan gajeren tasirin rayuwa kuma yana iya haifar da al'amura kamar rashin daidaituwa ko launi mara kyau. Melanotan-1, a gefe guda, yana canza launin fata daga ciki ta hanyar daidaita tsarin melanin, mai yuwuwar samar da ƙarin dawwama da sakamako na halitta.
Kammalawa
A matsayin peptide na hormone melanocyte-stimulating na roba, Melanotan-1 yana aiki da farko ta hanyar ɗaure masu karɓa na melanocyte-stimulating hormone, kunna hanyoyin siginar intracellular, da daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da haɗin melanin, ta haka yana haɓaka haɓakar melanin. Dangane da tasirin kwaskwarima, yana inganta tasirin fatar fata tare da wani ɗan lokaci na tsayin daka, kuma yana iya samun tasirin kariya daga fata da sauran tasiri mai kyau akan bayyanar fata.
Sources
[1] Habbema L, Halk AB, Neumann M, et al. Hadarin amfani da ba a kayyade ba na alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: bita[J]. Jarida ta Duniya na Farko, 2017,56 (10): 975-980.DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13585.
[2] Fitzgerald LM, Fryer JL, Dwyer T, et al. Tasirin MELANOTAN, [Nle (4), D-Phe (7)] -alpha-MSH, akan haɗin melanin a cikin mutane tare da MC1R bambance-bambancen alleles [J]. Peptides, 2006,27 (2): 388-394.DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.12.038.
[3] Ugwu S, Blanchard J, Dorr R, et al. Launin fata da kuma magunguna na melanotan-I a cikin mutane[J]. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, 1997,18:259-269.DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-081X(199704)18:33.0.CO;2-X.
Samfura akwai don amfani da bincike kawai:
