Thymogen 20 mg

▎ Thymogen Structure

▎ Thymogen Kev Tshawb Fawb

Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Thymogen yog dab tsi?

Txij li thaum xyoo 1960, cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj tiv thaiv kab mob - xws li cov pob txha pob txha, thymus, thiab spleen - tau nyiam cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb vim lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov tshuaj bioactive uas cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuav cov tshuaj cog lus. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1960s, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom ib feem ntawm acetone rho tawm ntawm calf thymus uas nthuav tawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntsha muaj peev xwm los kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov nas. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj sib xws zoo li thymosin, thymopeptide, thiab T-activator tau tshwm sim, nrhiav kev txwv tsis pub siv hauv kev kho mob raws li thawj tiam broad-spectrum immunostimulants.

Tom qab kev tshawb fawb tob ntawm thymosin tivthaiv 5 coj cov kws tshawb fawb los tshawb pom thawj cov tshuaj hormones peptide tswj cov kab mob hauv lub cev, suav nrog thymosin α1 (muaj 28 amino acid residues), thymosin β4 (muaj 43 residues), thiab thymosin 49 residues (contains). Ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no nce, Thymogen tshwm sim. Thymogen yog ib tug luv luv peptide tsim ib leeg ntawm ob amino acids (glutamic acid-tryptophan, Glu-Trp), nrog rau nws active tshuaj yog monosodium ntsev ntawm L-α-glutamine - L-tryptophan monosodium ntsev, zoo tib yam rau lub ntuj compound chromatographically cais los ntawm thymus extract. Nws cov qauv molecular tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm immunomodulatory zog tau ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kho cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes taw qhia txoj hauv kev, aiming kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv thiab kho ntau yam kab mob.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Thymogen?

Kev cai tiv thaiv kab mob:

Kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kev taw qhia: Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias Thymogen activates lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob TLR / RLR receptors thiab lawv cov cim qhia cov noob caj noob ces. Hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm THP-1 monocyte leukemia hlwb thiab cov ntshav pub ntshav noj qab haus huv, Thymogen txhawb kev qhia ntawm endosomal TLR3/7/8/9 receptors, cytoplasmic sensors RIG1 / MDA5, thiab cov cim qhia NFκB1 thiab MAVS ^[1] . Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Thymogen hloov kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb thiab cov kev taw qhia. Piv txwv li, NFκB1 koom nrog cov lus teb inflammatory thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob; Thymogen qhov stimulation ntawm nws cov cim qhia cov noob pab pib cuam tshuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv kab mob cuam tshuam.

Modulation ntawm Cytokine Secretion: Hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tes tau hais los saum no, Thymogen induces lub zais ntawm inflammatory cytokines TNF-α thiab IL-1β. Cytokines ua si tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. TNF-α thiab IL-1β koom nrog hauv kev pib thiab hloov kho cov lus teb inflammatory. Lawv qhov kev tso tawm ntau ntxiv qhia tau tias Thymogen tuaj yeem coj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tswj hwm cytokine secretion ^[1].

Kev tswj ntawm Gene Expression: Cheebtsam ntawm Thymogen, xws li EW dipeptide (piv txwv li, Thymogen nws tus kheej), tuaj yeem hloov kho cov noob qhia. Nws tswj cov synthesis ntawm tshav kub poob siab proteins, cytokines, fibrinolysis, senescence noob, thiab lwm yam, raws li zoo raws li cellular txheej txheem xws li sib txawv, proliferation, thiab apoptosis. Piv txwv li, thaum tshav kub kub poob siab proteins ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv cellular stress teb. Thymogen txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm lawv cov synthesis pab cov hlwb kom hloov mus rau ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ^[2].

Antiviral teebmeem:

Direct Antiviral Activity: Nyob rau hauv vitro thwmsim qhia tau hais tias Thymogen sprays nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv zos tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 ntawm tus kab mob titer ntawm 5.2 teev TCID50 hauv Vero CCL81 cell cultures. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog tus kab mob, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem xws li adsorption, ntxeem tau, thiab rov ua dua, yog li inhibiting kab mob thiab kis tau tus mob ^[3].

Enhanced Immune-Mediated Indirect Antiviral Effects: Vim nws cov cuab yeej immunomodulatory, Thymogen activates lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab qhia txoj hauv kev, tswj cytokine secretion, thiab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws indirectly combats kab mob los ntawm boosting tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Piv txwv li, activated immune cells tuaj yeem paub zoo dua thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob, yog li ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ^[1].

Figure 1 TRH-TSH-T3 feedback loop ^[3].

Cell Kho thiab Regeneration:

Cov teebmeem Antioxidant: Hauv kev sim mob siab rau lub siab raug mob, Thymogen suppresses oxidative peroxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum ua raws li carbon tetrachloride-induced daim siab raug mob, Thymogen txo malondialdehyde (MDA) ntau, qhia nws lub peev xwm los txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab vim cellular puas. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias oxidative kev nyuaj siab tsim tawm ntau dawb radicals uas tawm tsam intracellular biomolecules - xws li lipids, proteins, thiab DNA - ua rau cellular raug mob thiab ua tsis taus pa. Thymogen's antioxidant zog tiv thaiv hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj dawb radical ^[5].

Stimulation of Cell Regeneration: Ib yam li ntawd, hauv cov qauv mob toxic mob siab, Thymogen stimulates reparative regeneration ntawm hepatocytes. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev tswj cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tes, kev sib txawv, thiab apoptosis. Piv txwv li, nws txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hepatocytes, ua kom lub zog kho thiab rov tsim kho cov ntaub so ntswg puas siab puas ntsws kom rov ua lub siab ua haujlwm ^[5].

Cov teebmeem ntawm Mineral, Pigment, thiab Lipid Metabolism: Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsiaj txhu hauv tsev nrog kev raug mob hoof, koom nrog Thymogen rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho mob rau cov neeg raug mob hnyav ua kom yooj yim dua normalization ntawm cov ntxhia hauv cov metabolism thaum txo qis kev cuam tshuam hauv cov xim thiab lipid metabolism. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Thymogen cuam tshuam cov ntxhia, xim, thiab cov txheej txheem lipid metabolic los ntawm kev tswj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic, yog li tswj hwm cov metabolism hauv kev sib npaug ^[6].

Cov teebmeem ntawm Protein, Nitrogen, thiab Carbohydrate Metabolism: Hauv kev sim castration ntawm boars, Thymogen txo qis qhov kev siv ntawm cov kab mob catabolic theem hloov thiab pab txhawb normalization ntawm biochemical ntsuas thaum lub sij hawm sim zaum kawg. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Thymogen cov kev tswj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov protein, nitrogen, thiab carbohydrate metabolism, muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov metabolism hauv kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov kev ua ub no los yog cov noob qhia txog cov enzymes cuam tshuam ^[6].

Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov ntawm Thymogen?

Antiviral Field: Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsom rau tus kabmob tshiab, kev sim ua rau Vero CCL81 cell kab lis kev cai piv rau Thymogen® tshuaj tsuag nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob Miramistin® los tshawb xyuas lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau ntawm Vero hlwb ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, thoob plaws ntau qhov kev sim, Thymogen® tshuaj tsuag tau pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 ntawm tus kab mob titer ntawm 5.2 teev TCID50. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau Thymogen® cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg ua cov tshuaj pleev xim rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho COVID-19 ^[3].

Kev kho kab mob siab: Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob siab mob siab, kev tswj hwm hauv lub cev tsis tu ncua ntawm carbon tetrachloride rau 5 hnub ua rau muaj kab mob siab hepatic steatosis, txo cov haujlwm catalase, thiab nce malondialdehyde qib. Kev tswj hwm ntawm Thymogen thiab nws cov qauv analogues (tau los ntawm kev txuas cov amino acid D-Ala rau N- lossis C-terminus ntawm peptide molecule) inhibited oxidative peroxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txhawb kev kho hepatocyte thiab rov tsim dua tshiab. Ntawm cov no, Thymogen analogues qhia tau hais tias ntau dua hepatotropic thiab antioxidant teebmeem piv rau Thymogen. Cov nyhuv tau tshaj tawm thaum cov amino acid ntxiv rau C-terminus ntawm cov molecule. Qhov no qhia tau tias Thymogen thiab nws cov analogues tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob siab ^[5].

Immunomodulation thiab Infection Therapy: Cov tshuaj peptide thymalin tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kab mob thiab kab mob, normalization ntawm regeneration, immunosuppression, thiab hematopoietic suppression tom qab kws khomob thiab radiotherapy. Ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom, EW dipeptide (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj Thymogen), tswj cov noob qhia, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub kub, cytokines, fibrinolysis, senescence noob, thiab cellular sib txawv, proliferation, thiab apoptosis. Thymogen muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob sib kis thiab ua kom pom kev kho tau zoo hauv kev kho mob dav dav ntawm COVID-19 tshwm sim los ntawm tus kabmob coronavirus ^[2].

Xaus

Thymogen nthuav tawm ntau qhov kev lom zem lom zem. Nws tuav lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob TLR / RLR receptors, tswj cytokine secretion (xws li TNF-α, IL-1β), thiab modulating immune cell function. Nws ua rau pom kev ua haujlwm hauv vitro antiviral tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txo qis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm suppressing oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab stimulating cov ntaub so ntswg cell kho / rov tsim dua tshiab (xws li, hepatocytes). Thaum regulating mineral, pigment, thiab lipid metabolism kom tswj cov metabolism hauv. Nws tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv COVID-19 thiab kho, kho daim siab puas tsuaj, thiab siv rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua ntej hauv cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav kom txo tau cov teeb meem tom qab phais thiab txo lub sijhawm rov qab los. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev cuam tshuam hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg.

Hais Txog Tus Sau

Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Kim H yog tus kws tshawb fawb tsom mus rau thaj chaw ntawm cov pob txha biology thiab lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid hormones. Lawv cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau yog tsom rau kev tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid hormones hauv kev txhim kho pob txha ntsig txog cov txheej txheem lom neeg, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov hauv paus molecular thiab cellular mechanisms. Kim H feem ntau siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kev sim xws li cov tswv yim molecular biology thiab cov qauv kev lom neeg los ua cov kev tshawb fawb tob, txhawm rau txhawb kev nkag siab theoretical ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm endocrine yam thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm pob txha. Kim H tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj [4].

▎ Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

[1] Sokolova TM, Poloskov VV, Shuvalov AN, Burova OS, Sokolova ZA. Kev taw qhia TLR / RLR-mechanisms ntawm immunomodulating kev txiav txim ntawm ingavirin thiab thymogen npaj. Lavxias teb sab Journal of Biotherapy 2019.

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241982195.

[2] Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Chalisova NI, Ivko OM. Kev Siv Thymalin rau Immunocorrection thiab Molecular Aspects ntawm Biological Activity. Biology Bulletin Reviews 2021; 11(4): 377-382. 10.1134/S2079086421040046.

[3] Leneva IA, Smirnov VS, Kudryavtseva TA, et al. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos ntawm cov tshuaj Thymogen extregistered, nasal dosed spray, tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in vitro. Tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob 2021.

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239684084.

[4] Kim H, Mohan S. Role thiab Mechanisms of Actions of Thyroid Hormone on the Skeletal Development. Kev tshawb fawb pob txha 2013; 1(1): 146-161.DOI: 10.4248/BR201302004.

[5] Chulanova AA, Smakhtin MY, Bobyntsev II, Mishina ES, Artyushkova EB, Smakhtina AM. Reparative and Antioxidant Effects of New Analogues of Immunomodulator Thymogen in Experimental Model of Liver Damage. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tshuaj Kho Mob 2023; 175(5): 700-703.DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05929-5.

[6] Reshetnyak V, Burdeyniy V, Malakhova L, Yelokhin M, Stekolnikov A. INFLUENCE NTAWM THYMOGEN nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm HOOVES nyob rau hauv MOOSES NTAWM MINERAL, PIGMENTS THIAB LIPID METABOLISM. International Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2022: 187-192.DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.3.187.

Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.  

Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.