Thymogen 20mg

▎ ya Thymogen Enzimba

▎ ku Thymogen Okunoonyereza

Kiki ekiva mu kunoonyereza ku Thymogen?

Okuva mu myaka gya 1960, ebitundu ebikulu eby’abaserikale b’omubiri gw’ebisolo —nga obusigo bw’amagumba, thymus, n’ennywanto —bifunye okufaayo okunene mu bya ssaayansi olw’obusobozi bwabyo okukola ebirungo ebikola ebiramu ebikwata ku nkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri era nga birina ekisuubizo ky’eddagala. Mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1960, abanoonyereza baazuula ekitundu munda mu bikuta bya acetone eby’ennyana thymus nga kyoleka emirimu egy’amaanyi egy’ebiramu egisobola okuzzaawo okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri okunyigirizibwa mu mbeba. Oluvannyuma, ebirungo ebifaanagana nga thymosin, thymopeptide, ne T-activator byavaayo, ne bizuula okukozesebwa okutono mu nkola y’obusawo ng’omulembe ogusooka ogw’okusitula obusimu obuziyiza endwadde.

Okunoonyereza okw’obwegendereza okwaddirira ku kitundu kya thymosin 5 kwaleetera bannassaayansi okuzuula obusimu bwa peptide obusooka okulung’amya enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri gw’ebisolo ebiyonka, omuli thymosin α1 (erimu ebisigalira bya amino acid 28), thymosin β4 (erimu ebisigadde 43), ne thymosin beta (erimu ebisigalira 49). Wakati mu kunoonyereza kuno okulinnya, Thymogen yavaayo. Thymogen ye peptide empya ekoleddwa amino asidi bbiri zokka (glutamic acid-tryptophan, Glu-Trp), ng’ekirungo kyayo ekikola gwe munnyo gwa monosodium ogwa L-α-glutamine - L-tryptophan monosodium salt, ogufaanagana n’ekirungo eky’obutonde ekyawuddwa mu chromatographically okuva mu thymus extract. Ensengeka yaayo ey’enjawulo eya molekyu n’ebintu ebiyinza okukendeeza ku busimu obuziyiza endwadde bireetedde okunoonyereza kwa ssaayansi okugenda mu maaso ku nkola zaayo ez’okukola mu kulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri, okuddaabiriza ebitundu by’omubiri, n’amakubo g’obubonero bw’obutoffaali, nga kigenderera okutuuka ku kuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde ez’enjawulo.

Enkola ya Thymogen ekola ki?

Okulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri:

Okukola kw’abaserikale b’omubiri n’amakubo g’obubonero: Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Thymogen ekola ebitundu by’abaserikale b’omubiri ebya TLR/RLR n’obuzaale bwabyo obukola obubonero. Mu buwangwa bw’obutoffaali bwa THP-1 monocyte leukemia n’omusaayi omugabi omulamu, Thymogen esitula okwolesebwa kw’ebikwata endosomal TLR3/7/8/9, sensa za cytoplasmic RIG1/MDA5, n’ensonga eziraga obubonero NFκB1 ne MAVS ^[1] . Kino kiraga nti Thymogen ekyusakyusa enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri era n’eyongera ku busobozi bw’abaserikale b’omubiri nga ekola ku bikwata bino ebikulu ebikwatagana n’abaserikale b’omubiri n’amakubo agalaga obubonero. Okugeza, NFκB1 yeetaba mu kuddamu kw’okuzimba n’okulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri; Thymogen okusikirizibwa kw’obuzaale bwayo obw’ensonga (signaling factor genes) kiyamba okutandikawo enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri ekwatagana okwekuuma okulumba obuwuka obuleeta endwadde.

Modulation of Cytokine Secretion: Mu nkola z’okukuza obutoffaali ezoogeddwako waggulu, Thymogen ereeta okufulumya kwa cytokines ezizimba TNF-α ne IL-1β. Cytokines zikola emirimu emikulu egy’empuliziganya n’okulungamya mu baserikale b’omubiri. TNF-α ne IL-1β zeenyigira mu kutandika n’okukyusakyusa eby’okuddamu by’okuzimba. Okweyongera kwazo okufuluma kulaga nti Thymogen esobola okulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri okuddamu okutuuka ku kuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde nga etereeza okufulumya kwa cytokine ^[1]..

Okulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale: Ebitundu bya Thymogen, nga EW dipeptide (kwe kugamba, Thymogen yennyini), bisobola okukyusakyusa mu kwolesebwa kw’obuzaale. Kifuga okusengejja kwa puloteyina ezikuba ebbugumu, cytokines, fibrinolysis, senescence genes, n’ensonga endala, wamu n’enkola z’obutoffaali omuli okwawukana, okukula, n’okufa. Okugeza, puloteyini ezikubwa ebbugumu zikola kinene nnyo mu kuddamu kw’obutoffaali ku situleesi. Okulungamya kwa thymogen ku kusengejja kwabwe kuyamba obutoffaali okukwatagana obulungi n’enkyukakyuka mu butonde n’okuziyiza okwonooneka ^{[2] .}.

Ebikolwa by’okulwanyisa akawuka:

Direct Antiviral Activity: Okugezesa mu vitro kulaga nti Thymogen spray eraga local antiviral activity ku SARS-CoV-2 ku viral titer ya 5.2 log TCID50 mu Vero CCL81 cell cultures. Kino kibaawo nga kiyita mu kukwatagana obutereevu n’akawuka, nga kikosa enkola nga okusikiriza, okulumba, n’okukoppa, bwe kityo ne kiziyiza okukwatibwa n’okusaasaana kw’akawuka ^[3]..

Enhanced Immune-Mediated Indirect Antiviral Effects: Olw’obusobozi bwayo obw’okukyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, Thymogen ekola emirimu gy’abaserikale b’omubiri n’amakubo agalaga obubonero, etereeza okufulumya cytokine, n’okutumbula obusobozi bw’omubiri obw’okuziyiza abaserikale b’omubiri. Mu ngeri etali ya butereevu erwanyisa yinfekisoni z’akawuka nga kyongera ku nkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri okutwalira awamu. Okugeza, obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri obukola busobola bulungi okutegeera n’okumalawo obutoffaali obulina akawuka, bwe kityo ne butuuka ku bikolwa eby’okulwanyisa akawuka ^[1]..

Ekifaananyi 1 TRH-TSH-T3 feedback loop ^{[3] .}.

Okuddaabiriza n’okuzza obuggya obutoffaali:

Ebiva mu kuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde: Mu kugezesa obuvune bw’ekibumba obw’obutwa obw’amaanyi, Thymogen enyigiriza enkola za oxidative peroxidation reactions. Bwe yaweebwa oluvannyuma lw’okulumwa ekibumba okuva ku kaboni tetrachloride, Thymogen yakendeeza ku bungi bwa malondialdehyde (MDA), ekiraga obusobozi bwayo okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’obutoffaali obuva ku situleesi ya oxidative. Kino kibaawo kubanga okunyigirizibwa okw’okwokya (oxidative stress) kuleeta obuwuka obuyitibwa free radicals obuyitiridde obulumba biomolecules ez’omu butoffaali —nga lipids, proteins, ne DNA —ekiviirako obutoffaali okulumwa n’obutakola bulungi. Ebintu bya thymogen ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde bukuuma obutoffaali obutafuna kwonooneka kwa free radical ^{[5] .}.

Okusikirizibwa okuddamu okukola kw’obutoffaali: Mu ngeri y’emu, mu bikolwa by’obuvune bw’ekibumba obw’obutwa obw’amaanyi, Thymogen esitula okuddamu okukola kw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba mu ngeri ey’okuddaabiriza. Kino kirabika kibaawo nga kitereeza okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana n’okukula kw’obutoffaali, okwawukana, n’okufa kw’obutoffaali. Okugeza, kitumbula okukula kw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba, okwanguya okuddaabiriza n’okuddamu okukola ebitundu by’ekibumba ebyonooneddwa okuzzaawo enkola y’ekibumba eya bulijjo ^[5]..

Ebikosa Mineral, Pigment, and Lipid Metabolism: Mu kunoonyereza ku moose ezifugibwa nga zirina obuvune ku bigere, okuyingiza Thymogen mu nkola z’obujjanjabi eri moose ezifunye obuvune obw’amaanyi kyanguyiza okusingawo normalization of mineral metabolism ate nga kikendeeza ku kutaataaganyizibwa mu pigment ne lipid metabolism. Kino kiraga nti Thymogen ekwata ku nkola z’okukyusakyusa eby’obuggagga bw’omu ttaka, langi, n’amasavu ng’etereeza ensonga enkulu mu makubo g’enkyukakyuka agakwatagana, bwe kityo n’ekuuma emyenkanonkano y’enkyukakyuka y’emmere ^[6]..

Ebikosa ku nkyukakyuka ya puloteyina, Nayitrojeni, ne kaboni: Mu kugezesa okusala embizzi, Thymogen yakendeeza nnyo ku maanyi g’enkyukakyuka mu mutendera gw’obulwadde (pathological catabolic phase changes) era n’eyanguyira okufuula ebiraga obulamu mu mbeera eya bulijjo mu mutendera gw’okugezesa ogusembayo. Kino kiraga enkola ya Thymogen ey’okulungamya ku nkyukakyuka ya puloteyina, nayitrojeni, ne kaboni, eyinza okukuuma obutebenkevu bw’enkyukakyuka y’emmere nga ekwata ku mirimu oba okulaga kw’obuzaale bw’enziyiza z’enkyukakyuka ezikwatagana ^[6]..

Biki ebikozesebwa mu Thymogen?

Antiviral Field: Mu kunoonyereza okutunuulidde akawuka ka coronavirus akapya, okugezesa okwakolebwa ku buwangwa bw’obutoffaali bwa Vero CCL81 kwageraageranya okufuuyira Thymogen® n’eddagala eritta obuwuka erya Miramistin® okunoonyereza ku nkola yaabwe ey’okulwanyisa akawuka mu kitundu ku SARS-CoV-2. Ebivuddemu biraga nti tewali butwa bukola ku butoffaali bwa Vero ku bungi obwanoonyezebwa. Ekirala, mu kugezesa okuwerako, okufuuyira Thymogen® kwalaga omulimu gw’okulwanyisa akawuka mu kitundu ku SARS-CoV-2 ku muwendo gw’akawuka ogwa 5.2 log TCID50. Kino kiraga nti obusobozi obw’amaanyi obw’okufuuyira mu nnyindo Thymogen® ng’ekirungo ekikwata ku mubiri okuziyiza n’okujjanjaba COVID-19 ^[3]..

Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bw’ekibumba: Mu kunoonyereza ku bulwadde bw’ekibumba obw’obutwa obw’amaanyi, okuweebwa carbon tetrachloride obutasalako mu lubuto okumala ennaku 5 kyaleetawo okuzimba ekibumba, okukendeeza ku mirimu gya catalase, n’okulinnya kw’emiwendo gya malondialdehyde. Okugaba Thymogen ne analogues zaayo ez’ensengekera (efunibwa nga tugattira ku amino acid D-Ala ku N- oba C-terminus ya molekyu ya peptide) kyaziyiza enkola za oxidative peroxidation reactions era ne kisitula okuddaabiriza n’okuddamu okukola kw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba. Mu bino, Thymogen analogues zalaga ebikolwa ebisinga okweyoleka mu hepatotropic ne antioxidant bw’ogeraageranya ne Thymogen. Ekikolwa kyasinga kweyoleka nga amino asidi ayongerwa ku C-terminus ya molekyu. Kino kiraga nti Thymogen ne analogues zaayo zikola ebirungi mu kuddaabiriza obuvune bw’ekibumba ^[5]..

Immunomodulation and Infection Therapy: Eddagala lya peptide erya thymalin liyinza okukozesebwa mu mbeera ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’obutakola bulungi mu baserikale b’omubiri, yinfekisoni z’akawuka ne bakitiriya, okuzza obuggya mu mbeera eya bulijjo, okuziyiza obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, n’okuziyiza omusaayi oluvannyuma lw’okujjanjabwa eddagala n’okuweebwa amasannyalaze. Ekimu ku bitundu byayo, EW dipeptide (kwe kugamba, eddagala Thymogen), kitereeza okulaga kw’obuzaale, okukola puloteyina ezikwata ebbugumu, cytokines, fibrinolysis, obuzaale bw’okukaddiwa, n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali, okukula, n’okufa. Thymogen ekola bulungi ku ndwadde z’akawuka ez’enjawulo era eraga obusobozi bw’obujjanjabi mu kujjanjaba COVID-19 mu bujjuvu ekiva ku bulwadde bwa coronavirus ^{[2] .}.

Mu bufunzi

Thymogen eraga emirimu gy’ebiramu egy’ebitundu ebitali bimu. Ekuuma obutafaali obuziyiza endwadde era n’eyongera ku busobozi bw’okulwanyisa obulwadde nga ekola ku bikwata abaserikale ba TLR/RLR, okulung’amya okufulumya kwa cytokine (okugeza, TNF-α, IL-1β), n’okukyusa enkola y’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Kiraga obusobozi bw’okulwanyisa akawuka mu vitro ku SARS-CoV-2. Okugatta ku ekyo, kikendeeza ku kwonooneka nga kinyigiriza situleesi y’okwokya (oxidative stress) n’okusitula okuddaabiriza/okuddamu okukola obutoffaali bw’ebitundu (okugeza, hepatocytes). ate nga etereeza enkyukakyuka y’eby’obuggagga bw’omu ttaka, langi, n’amasavu okukuuma bbalansi y’enkyukakyuka y’emmere. Kisobola okuyamba mu kutangira n’okujjanjaba COVID-19, okuddaabiriza ekibumba okwonooneka, n’okukozesebwa mu kulongoosa abaserikale b’omubiri mu balwadde ba kookolo abakadde nga tebannalongoosebwa okukendeeza ku bizibu ebiva mu kulongoosebwa n’okukendeeza ku budde bw’okuwona. Kino kigifuula ey’omugaso eri okuyingira mu nsonga mu ndwadde ezikwatagana n’abaserikale b’omubiri n’okuddaabiriza ebitundu by’omubiri.

Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi

Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.

Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal

Kim H munoonyereza ng’essira aliteeka ku by’obulamu bw’amagumba n’emirimu gy’omubiri egy’obusimu bwa thyroid. Okunoonyereza kwabwe okusinga kwesigamye ku mulimu gw’okulungamya ogw’obusimu bwa thyroid mu nkola z’ebiramu ezikwatagana n’enkula y’amagumba, nga essira balitadde ku kunoonyereza ku nkola za molekyu n’obutoffaali ezisibukamu. Kim H atera okukozesa enkola z’okugezesa ezigatta nga obukodyo bwa molekyu n’enkola z’ekyokulabirako ky’ebiramu okukola okunoonyereza okw’obwegendereza, ng’agenderera okugaggawaza okutegeera okw’enzikiriziganya ku nkolagana wakati w’ensonga z’omubiri n’obulamu bw’amagumba. Kim H awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [4].

▎ Ebiwandiiko Ebikwatagana

[1] Sokolova T. M., Poloskov V. V., Shuvalov A. N., Burova O. S., Sokolova Z. A., ne bannaabwe abalala. Obubonero TLR/RLR-enkola z’ekikolwa ky’okukyusa obusimu bw’omubiri (ingavirin ne thymogen preparations). Ekitabo kya Russia ekikwata ku bujjanjabi bw’ebiramu 2019.

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241982195. Enkola y’okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi.

[2] Khavinson V. K., Linkova N. S., Chalisova N. I., Ivko O. M., ne bannaabwe abalala. Okukozesa Thymalin mu kulongoosa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde n’ensonga za molekyu ez’emirimu gy’ebiramu. Okuddamu okwetegereza ekiwandiiko ky’ebiramu 2021; 11(4): 377-382. 10.1134/S2079086421040046.

[3] Leneva I. A., Smirnov V. S., Kudryavtseva T. A., n’abalala. Enkola y’eddagala eritta akawuka mu kitundu ery’eddagala lya Thymogen extregistered, erifuuyira mu nnyindo, eritta akawuka ka SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus mu vitro. Eddagala eritta obuwuka n’eddagala lya Chemotherapy 2021.

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239684084. Enkola y’okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi.

[4] Kim H, Mohan S. Omulimu n’enkola z’ebikolwa bya Thyroid Hormone ku nkula y’amagumba. Okunoonyereza ku magumba 2013; 1(1): 146-161.DOI: 10.4248/BR201302004.

[5] Chulanova A. A., Smakhtin M. Y., Bobyntsev II, Mishina E. S., Artyushkova E. B., Smakhtina A. M., ne bannaabwe abalala. Ebikolwa eby’okuddaabiriza n’okuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde bwa Analogues empya eza Immunomodulator Thymogen mu Experimental Model of Liver Damage. Bulletin of Experimental Biology n’Eddagala 2023; 175(5): 700-703.DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05929-5.

[6] Reshetnyak V, Burdeyniy V, Malakhova L, Yelokhin M, Stekolnikov A. ENKOZESA YA THYMOGEN MU ENDWADDE Z’EBIKOLWA MU MOOSES KU BIKOZESEBWA BY’EBY’OBUTONDE, LANGI N’AMASAJJA. Ekitabo ky’ensi yonna eky’obusawo bw’ebisolo 2022: 187-192.DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.3.187.

EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA BYOKKA.  

Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu vitro (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.