VIP 10mg ƒe ƒuƒoƒo

▎ VIP ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo

▎ VIP Numekuku

Nukae nye numekuku si wowɔ le VIP ŋu?

Wodze numekuku gɔme tso VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) ŋu esime woke ɖe eŋu le nugbagbewo me. Woɖee ɖe vovo gbã abe amino acid peptide 28 tso ha ƒe dɔgbo me ene, eye numekuku siwo wowɔ emegbe ɖee fia be eƒe kaka ɖe teƒe geɖe wu dɔgbo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ—ekeke ta ɖo titina kple gota lãmekawo kpakple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo—afisi wòwɔa dɔ abe ahɔhɔ̃meka kple lãmetsiŋusẽ siaa ene. Esi numekukuawo nɔ goglom ɖe edzi la, eva dze ƒã be VIP wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ geɖe me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ʋukawo ƒe keke, dɔlélenutsiŋutete, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi, lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dodo, dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple lãmeka siwo le gbadzaa ƒe ɖiɖiɖeme.

Nukawoe nye mɔnu siwo dzi VIP wɔna?

Mɔnu Siwo Wowɔna Ðe Nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ Ŋu

Dɔgbo ƒe Ʋuʋu ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: VIP naa dɔgbo ƒe lãmeka gbadzaa ɖea dzi ɖi to kadodo kple VPAC xɔla siwo le lãmeka gbadza ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo dzi me. Esia nana lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzesimɔwo wɔa dɔ, si wɔnɛ be adenylate cyclase wɔa dɔ. Dɔwɔwɔ sia doa ATP ƒe tɔtrɔ ɖe cAMP me ɖe ŋgɔ, si wɔnɛ be cAMP ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzina ɖe edzi. Mlɔeba la, esia nana lãmeka siwo le gbadzaa la ɖea dzi ɖi, si wɔnɛ be dɔgbo ƒe ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu zi gbɔ zi geɖe kple eƒe sesẽme nɔa ɖoɖo nu eye wòtoa esia me kpɔa nuɖuɖu ƒe ʋuʋu to dɔgboa me dzi.

Nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ: Le dɔgboa me la, VIP doa ŋusẽ dɔgboa ƒe acinar lãmenugbagbeviwo be woaɖe tsi kple bicarbonate, si wɔnɛ be alkaline nɔnɔme si nyo na dɔgboa ƒe enzyme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Mɔnu sia bia be wòabla ɖe VPAC xɔlawo ŋu le acinar lãmenugbagbeviwo dzi, awɔ dɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo me dɔla evelia ƒe ɖoɖowo, eye wòaɖɔ ion mɔ̃ kple mɔzɔla ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo be wòado tsi kple bicarbonate ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ. Le dɔgbo kple dɔgbo sue me la, VIP doa ʋuʋudedi kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ hã, si kpɔa dɔgbo ƒe ʋukawo ta eye wòléa nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me ɖe asi ^{[1] .}.

Mɔnu Siwo Wowɔna Ðe Dzitodzitowo Ŋu

Vasodilation: VIP wɔa dɔ ɖe ʋukawo me lãmenugbagbeviwo kple smooth muscle cells dzi. To kadodo kple lãmenugbagbevi siwo xɔa ʋukawo me la, edoa nusiwo kekea ʋukawo abe nitric oxide (NO) ene ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ tso lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãkusi me me alo xea mɔ na lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãkusi me ƒe ʋuʋu tẽ. Esia nana ʋukawo kekena, eɖea ʋuka siwo le gota ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wònaa ʋu ƒe sisi nɔa ɖoɖo nu. Le ŋutilã alo dɔléle ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo me la, VIP ƒe dodo ƒe dzidziɖedzi dzɔna ne ŋutilãa hiã ʋu si naa lãmeka siwo le teƒea ƒe dzidziɖedzi, si wɔnɛ be ʋukawo kekena le teƒe si sɔ eye ʋu ƒe sisi dzina ɖe edzi ^[2]..

Mɔnu Siwo Wowɔna Ðe Dɔlélenutsiŋutete Ŋu

Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Trɔtrɔ: VIP ɖea dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe mɔ eve nu fiana. Le dɔdzẽ ƒe gɔmedzedze la, VIP xea mɔ na dɔdzẽ ƒe cytokines (le kpɔɖeŋu me, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β) ƒe wɔwɔ kple woƒe dodo, si ɖea dɔdzẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si gbɔ eme dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòkpɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo ta tso dɔdzẽ ƒe nugbegblẽ me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me. Le dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nuwuwu la, VIP doa cytokines siwo tsia dzodzodzoetsitsi nu (abe interleukin-10 kple transforming growth factor-β) ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, si wɔnɛ be dɔdzẽa gbɔ kpɔkpɔ kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔɖɔɖo nɔa bɔbɔe.

Nɔnɔmetata 1 Ŋusẽ si VIP kpɔna ɖe ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona ƒe pɔmpi tso guinea-ha ƒe ʋuka me dzi ^[2]..

Nukae nye VIP ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo?

Dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi: VIP ɖea dɔlékuiwutike ƒe ŋutete vovovowo fiana. Ewɔa nuto sue aɖe si tsia dzodzodzoetsitsi nu to asitɔtrɔ le monocytes, macrophages, kple T cells siwo wɔa ɖoɖo ɖe dɔ ŋu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu me. Le fufɔɣi la, VIP si trophoblast lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔ xea mɔ na neutrophil extracellular trap wɔwɔ, enaa neutrophil apoptosis kabakaba, eye wònaa phagocytic clearance nyuie nɔa bɔbɔe, si wɔnɛ be dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe homeostasis nɔa anyi. VIP wɔa akpa aɖe le dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple dɔdzẽ abe dɔgbo ƒe dɔléle kple ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ene dada me to asitɔtrɔ le ŋutilã ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo ŋu kple dzesiwo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me ^[3]..

Dɔgbo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Dzi Kpɔkpɔ: VIP wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le dɔgboa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me, si lɔ ʋukawo keke, lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dodo, dɔgboa ƒe ʋuʋu dzi kpɔkpɔ, kple lãmeka siwo le gbadzaa ƒe ɖiɖiɖeme ɖe eme. Eyata le dɔléle siwo me dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie (le kpɔɖeŋu me, dɔgbo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu, aɖuɖɔtoe) gome la, VIP ate ŋu ana dzesiawo nanyo ɖe edzi to dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu kple adzame dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, le dɔgbomedɔléle aɖewo siwo naa dɔdzẽ me la, VIP ƒe dɔlékuiwutikewo kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe tɔtrɔ hã kpena ɖe dɔlélea ƒe hayahaya ŋu ^[4]..

Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Dɔlélewo: VIP kaka ɖe lãmeka siwo le titina kple esiwo le gota siaa me, eye wòwɔa dɔ abe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ alo ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ vevi aɖe ene le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔlélewo abe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie (le kpɔɖeŋu me, Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle, Parkinson ƒe dɔléle) me la, numekukuwo ɖee fia be nusiwo mesɔ o le VIP kple eƒe xɔlawo me do ƒome kple dɔlélea ƒe ŋgɔyiyi. VIP ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ alo receptor ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ ate ŋu ana atikewɔwɔmɔnu yeyewo nasu nɔnɔme siawo gbɔ. Gawu la, le lãmekawo ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe ɖoɖowo abe aklã ƒe abixɔxɔ ene me la, VIP ateŋu awɔ ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ kple ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo to ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe agbetsitsi, dzidziɖedzi, kple vovototodedeameme dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me ^[4,5]..

Dzitodzito me Dɔlélewo: Ne míebu eƒe ʋukawo kekeɖenudɔ ŋu ta la, VIP kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe dzitodzitowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Le dzitodzito me dɔléle aɖewo abe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ kple dzitodzito me dɔléle ene dada ŋuti numekuku me la, VIP ate ŋu awɔ atikewɔwɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nyuiwo to ʋukawo keke ɖe enu, ʋuka siwo le gota ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ, kple dzitodzito me ʋu ƒe sisi nyuie wu me. Gake eƒe dɔdamɔnu zazã le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo dada me dze ŋgɔ kuxi geɖe fifia, abe nya siwo ku ɖe VIP ƒe liƒo kple taɖodzinu ŋu ene ^[4]..

Nyanuwuwuw

Le dɔléle dada me la, VIP ƒe dɔlékuiwutikewo ate ŋu atrɔ asi le dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe nuto suea ŋu, si ana nudede dɔlékui ƒe nɔnɔmewo abe dɔgbo ƒe dɔléle si naa dɔdzẽ kple ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ene. Eƒe dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu kple eƒe dodo dzi kpɔkpɔ ate ŋu ana dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe kuxiwo nanyo ɖe edzi. Le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie me la, eƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ kple gbugbɔgaɖoanyi ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ate ŋu akpe ɖe wo ŋu woaku atikewɔwɔ me le Parkinson ƒe dɔléle kple Alzheimer ƒe dɔlélea ŋu. Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, eƒe ʋukawo keke ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kpena ɖe dzitodzito me dɔlélewo ŋuti numekuku ŋu.

Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu

Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla

Pierre-Yves von der Weid nye numekula le Calgary Yunivɛsiti ƒe Cumming Atikewɔwɔ Suku le Canada, eye wòbi ɖe ʋukawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nunya me. Eƒe numekukua ku ɖe ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe mɔnuwo ŋu koŋ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, akpa si lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ wɔna le ɖoɖowɔwɔ me, kple ŋusẽ si dɔdzẽ ƒe domenɔlawo kpɔna ɖe ʋukawo ƒe pɔmpi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Ezãa atikeŋutinunya, elektrikŋusẽŋutinunya, kple nugbagbeŋutinunya ƒe mɔnuwo, eye wòwɔa numekuku deto le nuwɔna siawo ŋu be wòana woase ʋukawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nunya kple eƒe tɔtrɔwo le dɔléle ƒe nɔnɔme vovovowo me gɔme nyuie wu. Woŋlɔ Pierre-Yves von der Weid ŋkɔ ɖe nyayɔyɔ ƒe nyatakaka me [2].

▎ Nyayɔyɔ Siwo Sɔ

[1] Williams J. A., kple 1999. VIP Xɔlawo.; 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID: 261773265. Ƒe 1999 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me.

[2] von der Weid P. Y., Rehal S., Dyrda P., kple ame bubuwo. Mɔnu siwo VIP-hena xea mɔ na ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona ƒe pɔmpi. Lãmesẽŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽ-London 2012; 590 (11): 2677-2691.DOI: 10.1113 / jphysiol.2012.230599.

[3] Ramhorst R, Calo G, Paparini D, kple ame bubuwo. Dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo dzi ɖuɖu le fufɔɣi: akpa si VIP ate ŋu awɔ abe ɖoɖowɔla peptide ene. New York Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Suku ƒe Ŋutinya 2019; 1437(1): 15-21.DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13632.

[4] Onoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutete-dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ƒomedodo si le vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): agonists sesẽwo kple dɔdamɔnu siwo ate ŋu azã wo. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs ƒe Atikeŋutinunya ƒe Nudzraɖoƒe 2008; 377(4-6): 579-590.DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0232-0.

[5] Gozes I, Fridkin M, Brenneman D. E., kple ame bubuwo. VIP hybrid antagonist: tso tsitsi ƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋuti nunya dzi va ɖo dɔdamɔnu zazã dzi. Lãmenugbagbeviwo Kple Molekyulãwo ƒe Ahɔhɔ̃ŋutinunya 1995; 15(6): 675-687.DOI: 10.1007/BF02071131.

NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.  

Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.