VIP 10mg

▎ ya VIP Enzimba

▎ VIP Okunoonyereza ku

Ensibuko y’okunoonyereza eya VIP eri etya?

Okunoonyereza ku VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) kwatandika n’okuzuula kwayo mu biramu. Mu kusooka yayawulwa nga peptide ya amino asidi 28 okuva mu nseke z’embizzi, okunoonyereza okwaddirira kwalaga okusaasaana kwayo okunene okusukka enkola y’olubuto n’ekyenda —okutuuka ku busimu obw’omu makkati n’obw’okumpi n’obutoffaali bw’endocrine —nga eno ekola ng’ekirungo ekitambuza obusimu n’obusimu. Okunoonyereza bwe kweyongera, kyategeerekeka nti VIP ekola emirimu emikulu mu nkola nnyingi ez’omubiri, omuli okugaziya emisuwa, okulwanyisa okuzimba, okukula kw’obutoffaali, okufulumya obusimu, okulungamya entambula y’olubuto n’ekyenda, n’okuwummuza ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu.

Enkola ki ez’okukola ku VIP?

Enkola z’okukola ku nkola y’okugaaya emmere

Regulation of Gastrointestinal Motility: VIP ewummuza ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu eby’omu lubuto nga yeesiba ku VPAC receptors ku butoffaali bw’ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu. Kino kikola amakubo g’obubonero mu butoffaali, ekivaako okukola kwa adenylate cyclase. Enkola eno etumbula okukyusa ATP okudda mu cAMP, okulinnyisa emiwendo gya cAMP mu butoffaali. Mu nkomerero, kino kireeta okuwummuzibwa kw’ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu, ne kitereeza emirundi n’obunene bw’okuzimba olubuto era bwe kityo ne kifuga okusitula kw’emmere okuyita mu nkola y’olubuto.

Okutumbula okufulumya amazzi mu kugaaya: Mu lubuto, VIP esitula obutoffaali bwa acinar mu lubuto okufulumya amazzi ne bicarbonate, ne kitondekawo embeera ya alkaline eyamba enziyiza y’olubuto. Enkola eno erimu okusiba ku bikwata VPAC ku butoffaali bwa acinar, okukola enkola z’omubaka ow’okubiri mu butoffaali, n’okulungamya emirimu gy’omukutu gwa ion n’omutambuza okutumbula okufulumya amazzi ne bicarbonate. Mu lubuto n’ekyenda ekitono, VIP era etumbula okufulumya omusulo n’amasannyalaze, okukuuma omusulo gw’olubuto n’okukuuma enkola y’okugaaya emmere eya bulijjo ^[1]..

Enkola z’Ekikolwa ku Nkola y’Emisuwa gy’Omutima

Okugaziwa kw’emisuwa: VIP ekola ku butoffaali bw’emisuwa n’obutoffaali bw’ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu. Nga yesiba ku bikwata, etumbula okufulumya ensonga ezigaziya emisuwa nga nitric oxide (NO) okuva mu butoffaali bw’omubiri oba okuziyiza butereevu okukonziba mu butoffaali bw’ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu. Kino kireetera emisuwa okugaziwa, kikendeeza ku buziyiza bw’emisuwa egy’okumpi n’okutereeza puleesa. Mu mbeera ezimu ez’omubiri oba ez’obulwadde, okweyongera kw’okufulumya VIP kubaawo ng’omubiri gwetaaga okunywezebwa kw’omusaayi mu bitundu by’omubiri eby’omu kitundu, ekivaako okugaziwa kw’emisuwa mu kitundu ekikwatagana n’okweyongera kw’okutambula kw’omusaayi ^[2]..

Enkola z’okukola ku nkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri

Immune Modulation: VIP eraga okulungamya okw’enjuyi bbiri okw’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Mu kiseera ky’okuzimba nga bukyali, VIP enyigiriza okukola n’okufulumya cytokines eziyamba okuzimba (okugeza, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β), okukendeeza ku kuzimba okuyitiridde n’okukuuma ebitundu by’omubiri okuva ku kwonooneka kw’okuzimba. Okugeza, mu nkola ya herpes simplex virus keratitis model, exogenous VIP ekendeeza ku neutrophil ne CD4+ T cell infiltration, ekendeeza ku nsonga eziyamba okuzimba nga myeloperoxidase (MPO) ne interleukin-17 (IL-17), bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku kuzimba kw’amaaso. Mu kiseera ekisembayo eky’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri, VIP etumbula okufulumya obutoffaali obuziyiza okuzimba (nga interleukin-10 ne transforming growth factor-β), okwanguyiza okugonjoola okuzimba n’okuddaabiriza ebitundu.

Ekifaananyi 1 Enkola ya VIP ku kupampagira emisuwa gy’amazzi okuva mu mesentery y’embizzi ya guinea ^[2]..

Enkola za VIP ze ziruwa?

Ebikolwa ebiziyiza okuzimba: VIP eraga eby’enjawulo ebiziyiza okuzimba. Ekola microenvironment eziyiza okuzimba nga ekyusakyusa enkola y’emirimu gya monocytes, macrophages, n’obutoffaali bwa T obulung’amya. Mu kiseera ky’olubuto, VIP ekolebwa obutoffaali bwa trophoblast eziyiza okutondebwa kw’omutego gwa neutrophil extracellular trap, eyanguya neutrophil apoptosis, era n’eyamba okulongoosa obulungi phagocytic, bwe kityo ne kikuuma obusimu obuziyiza endwadde. VIP ekola kinene mu kujjanjaba endwadde ezeekuusa ku kuzimba nga obulwadde bw’ekyenda ekizimba n’endwadde z’enkizi nga ekyusakyusa engeri omubiri gy’eddamu okuzimba n’okukendeeza ku bubonero ^[3]..

Okulungamya emirimu gy’olubuto: VIP ekola kinene nnyo mu kulungamya enkola y’omubiri gw’olubuto, nga mulimu okugaziya emisuwa, okufulumya obusimu, okulungamya entambula y’olubuto, n’okuwummulamu kw’ebinywa ebiseeneekerevu. N’olwekyo, ku buzibu obuzingiramu obutakola bulungi mu kutambula kw’olubuto (okugeza, obuzibu mu kukola, okuziyira, ekiddukano), VIP eyinza okulongoosa obubonero ng’etereeza entambula y’olubuto n’emirimu gy’ekyama. Okugatta ku ekyo, mu ndwadde ezimu ez’okuzimba mu lubuto, ebikolwa bya VIP ebiziyiza okuzimba n’okukyusa abaserikale b’omubiri nabyo biyamba mu kuwona endwadde ^[4]..

Obuzibu bw’obusimu: VIP esaasaanidde mu nkola z’obusimu ez’omu makkati n’ez’okumpi, ng’ekola ng’ekikulu ekitambuza obusimu oba ekikyusa obusimu mu kulungamya enkola ez’enjawulo ez’omubiri. Mu ndwadde z’obusimu ng’obuzibu bw’obusimu (okugeza, obulwadde bwa Alzheimer, obulwadde bwa Parkinson), okunoonyereza kulaga nti obutali bwa bulijjo mu VIP n’ebigikwata bikwatagana n’okukula kw’obulwadde. Okukyusakyusa emitendera gya VIP oba enkola y‟ebikwata kiyinza okuwa amakubo amapya ag‟obujjanjabi eri embeera zino. Ekirala, mu nkola z’okuddaabiriza obusimu ng’obuvune bw’omugongo, VIP eyinza okukola ebikolwa eby’okukuuma obusimu n’okuddaabiriza nga etumbula okuwangaala kw’obusimu, okukula, n’okwawukana ^[4,5]..

Endwadde z’emisuwa: Okusinziira ku ngeri gye zigaziya emisuwa, VIP ekwata ku nkola y’enkola y’emisuwa. Mu kunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi bw’endwadde z’emisuwa ezimu nga puleesa n’endwadde z’omutima, VIP eyinza okukola obulungi mu bujjanjabi ng’egaziya emisuwa, okukendeeza ku buziyiza bw’emisuwa egy’okumpi, n’okulongoosa omusaayi mu misuwa gy’omutima. Wabula, okukozesebwa kwayo mu bujjanjabi mu bujjanjabi bw’endwadde z’emisuwa mu kiseera kino kulina okusoomoozebwa kungi, gamba ng’ensonga ezikwata ku kutebenkera kwa VIP n’okutunuulira ^[4]..

Mu bufunzi

Mu kujjanjaba endwadde, VIP’s anti-inflammatory properties can modulate the immune microenvironment, okuwa obukodyo bw’okuyingira mu nsonga ku mbeera z’okuzimba nga inflammatory bowel disease ne rheumatoid arthritis. Okulungamya kwayo entambula y’olubuto n’okufulumya amazzi kiyinza okulongoosa obuzibu bw’okutambula kw’olubuto n’ekyenda. Mu ndwadde ezikendeeza ku busimu, ebikolwa byayo eby’okukuuma obusimu n’okuzzaawo biyinza okuyamba okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa Parkinson n’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer. Ekirala, omulimu gwayo ogw’okugaziya emisuwa guyamba mu kunoonyereza ku ndwadde z’emisuwa.

Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi

Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.

Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal

Pierre-Yves von der Weid munoonyereza mu yunivasite y’e Calgary’s Cumming School of Medicine mu Canada, ng’akuguse mu by’enkola y’omubiri (lymphatic system physiology). Okunoonyereza kwe okusinga kunoonyereza ku nkola z’okulungamya enkola y’emisuwa gy’amazzi, omuli okuzaala obusobozi bwa pacemaker, omulimu gw’okulungamya ogw’ensonga z’omubiri, n’enkosa y’abatabaganya okuzimba ku nkola ya ppampu y’amazzi. Ng’akozesa enkola z’eddagala, ez’amasannyalaze, n’ez’ebiramu, akola okunoonyereza okw’obwegendereza ku nkola zino okutumbula okutegeera enkola y’omubiri gw’amazzi n’enkyukakyuka zaayo mu mbeera z’obulwadde ez’enjawulo. Pierre-Yves von der Weid awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [2].

▎ Ebiwandiiko Ebikwatagana

[1] Williams JA. Abaweereza ba VIP.; 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261773265. Enkola y’okutumbula eby’obulamu mu ggwanga.

[2] von der Weid PY, Rehal S, Dyrda P, n’abalala. Enkola z’okuziyiza VIP-induced inhibition ya lymphatic vessel pump. Ekitabo ky’Ebyobulamu-London 2012; 590 (11): 2677-2691.DOI: 10.1113 / jphysiol.2012.230599.

[3] Ramhorst R, Calo G, Paparini D, n’abalala. Okufuga okuddamu kw’okuzimba mu kiseera ky’olubuto: omulimu oguyinza okubaawo ogwa VIP nga peptide efugira. Ebitabo by’ebyafaayo by’ettendekero lya New York Academy of Sciences 2019; 1437(1): 15-21.DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13632.

[4] Onoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S. Enkolagana y’enzimba-emirimu gya vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): agonists ez’amaanyi n’okukozesebwa okuyinza okubaawo mu bujjanjabi. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Ebitabo by’Eddagala 2008; 377(4-6): 579-590.DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0232-0.

[5] Gozes I, Fridkin M, Brenneman D. E., ne bannaabwe abalala. A VIP hybrid antagonist: okuva ku nkulaakulana y’obusimu okutuuka ku kukozesebwa mu bujjanjabi. Enkola y’obusimu bw’obutoffaali ne molekyu 1995; 15(6): 675-687.DOI: 10.1007/BF02071131.

EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA.  

Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu vitro (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.