VIP 10mg

▎ VIP Tsarin

▎ VIP Binciken

Menene asalin bincike na VIP?

Bincike akan VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) ya fara ne da gano shi a cikin halittu masu rai. Da farko an ware shi azaman peptide na 28-amino acid daga duodenum alade, binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna yaɗuwar rarrabawa fiye da tsarin gastrointestinal - yana karawa zuwa tsakiya da na gefe tsarin juyayi da kuma endocrin sel-inda yake aiki a matsayin duka neurotransmitter da hormone. Yayin da bincike ya zurfafa, ya bayyana a fili cewa VIP yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yawancin matakai na ilimin lissafi, ciki har da vasodilation, anti-inflammatory, cell proliferation, hormone secretion, gastrointestinal motility ka'idar, da kuma santsi na tsoka shakatawa.

Menene hanyoyin aiwatar da VIP?

Hanyoyin Aiki akan Tsarin Narkar da Abinci

Tsarin Motsi na Gastrointestinal: VIP yana sassauta tsokar gastrointestinal santsi ta hanyar ɗaure ga masu karɓar VPAC akan ƙwayoyin tsoka masu santsi. Wannan yana kunna hanyoyin siginar intracellular, yana haifar da kunna adenylate cyclase. Wannan tsari yana haɓaka jujjuyawar ATP zuwa CAMP, yana haɓaka matakan cAMP na ciki. A ƙarshe, wannan yana haifar da sassaucin tsoka mai santsi, yana daidaita yawan mita da girman peristalsis na gastrointestinal kuma ta haka ne ke sarrafa motsin abinci ta hanyar gastrointestinal tract.

Haɓaka Sirrin Ruwan Narkewa: A cikin pancreas, VIP yana ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin acinar pancreatic don ɓoye ruwa da bicarbonate, ƙirƙirar yanayin alkaline mai dacewa da ayyukan enzyme na pancreatic. Wannan tsarin ya haɗa da ɗaure ga masu karɓar VPAC akan ƙwayoyin acinar, kunna tsarin saƙo na biyu na intracellular, da daidaita tashar ion da ayyukan jigilar kayayyaki don haɓaka siginar ruwa da bicarbonate. A cikin ciki da ƙananan hanji, VIP kuma yana haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da sigar electrolyte, yana kare mucosa na gastrointestinal da kiyaye aikin narkewar abinci na yau da kullun ^[1].

Hanyoyin Ayyuka akan Tsarin Zuciya

Vasodilation: VIP yana aiki akan ƙwayoyin endothelial na jijiyoyin jini da ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi. Ta hanyar ɗaure ga masu karɓa, yana inganta sakin abubuwan vasodilator kamar su nitric oxide (NO) daga sel na endothelial ko kuma kai tsaye ya hana raguwa a cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi. Wannan yana haifar da vasodilation, yana rage juriya na jijiyoyin jini, kuma yana daidaita karfin jini. A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na ilimin lissafi ko cututtukan cututtuka, haɓakar sakin VIP yana faruwa lokacin da jiki ke buƙatar ingantaccen wadatar jini na nama na gida, yana haifar da vasodilation a cikin yanki mai dacewa da haɓakar jini ^[2].

Hanyoyin Ayyukan Aiki akan Tsarin rigakafi

Modulation na rigakafi: VIP yana baje kolin ka'idojin amsawar rigakafi. A lokacin kumburi na farko, VIP yana hana samarwa da sakin cytokines masu kumburi (misali, ƙwayar cuta necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β), rage yawan halayen kumburi da kare kyallen takarda daga lalacewa mai kumburi. Alal misali, a cikin samfurin keratitis na herpes simplex virus, exogenous VIP yana rage neutrophil da CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, downregulates proinflammatory dalilai kamar myeloperoxidase (MPO) da interleukin-17 (IL-17), game da shi yana rage kumburi na corneal. A lokacin ƙarshen lokaci na amsawar rigakafi, VIP yana haɓaka ɓoyewar cytokines anti-mai kumburi (kamar interleukin-10 da canza girma factor-β), sauƙaƙe ƙudurin kumburi da gyaran nama.

Hoto na 1 Tasirin VIP akan yin famfo na tasoshin lymphatic daga mesentery alade na Guinea ^[2].

Menene aikace-aikacen VIP?

Abubuwan anti-mai kumburi: VIP yana nuna kaddarorin anti-mai kumburi. Yana haifar da microenvironment na anti-mai kumburi ta hanyar daidaita bayanan martaba na aikin monocytes, macrophages, da ƙwayoyin T masu daidaitawa. A lokacin daukar ciki, VIP da aka haɗa ta sel na trophoblast yana hana samuwar tarkon neutrophil extracellular, yana haɓaka apoptosis neutrophil, kuma yana sauƙaƙe ingantaccen sharewar phagocytic, ta haka yana kiyaye homeostasis na rigakafi. VIP yana taka rawa wajen magance cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da kumburi kamar cututtukan hanji mai kumburi da rheumatoid amosanin gabbai ta hanyar daidaita martanin kumburin jiki da rage alamun cutar ^[3].

Tsarin Ayyukan Gastrointestinal: VIP yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita ilimin ilimin halittar jiki, wanda ya haɗa da vasodilation, ɓoyewar hormone, tsarin motsa jiki na ciki, da kuma shakatawa mai santsi. Saboda haka, don rashin lafiya da ke tattare da rashin aikin motsa jiki na ciki (misali, dyspepsia na aiki, maƙarƙashiya, zawo), VIP na iya inganta alamun bayyanar cututtuka ta hanyar daidaita motsin ciki da ayyukan sirri. Bugu da ƙari, a wasu cututtuka masu kumburi na ciki, VIP's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects suma suna ba da gudummawa ga farfadowar cututtuka ^[4].

Raunin Neurological: An rarraba VIP a cikin duka tsarin tsakiya da na gefe, yana aiki azaman maɓalli na neurotransmitter ko neuromodulator a cikin daidaita tsarin tafiyar matakai daban-daban. A cikin cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiya irin su cututtukan neurodegenerative (misali, cutar Alzheimer, cutar Parkinson), bincike ya nuna cewa rashin daidaituwa a cikin VIP da masu karɓar sa suna da alaƙa da ci gaban cuta. Daidaita matakan VIP ko aikin mai karɓa na iya ba da sabbin hanyoyin warkewa don waɗannan sharuɗɗan. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yayin tafiyar matakai na gyaran jijiyoyi kamar rauni na kashin baya, VIP na iya yin tasiri na neuroprotective da gyaran gyare-gyare ta hanyar inganta rayuwar neuronal, yaduwa, da bambanci ^[4,5].

Cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini: Idan aka ba da kaddarorin vasodilator, VIP yana rinjayar aikin tsarin zuciya. A cikin bincike na jiyya na wasu cututtukan zuciya kamar hauhawar jini da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya, VIP na iya yin tasirin warkewa mai kyau ta hanyar dilating tasoshin jini, rage juriya na jijiyoyin jini, da haɓaka wadatar jini na myocardial. Koyaya, aikace-aikacen sa na asibiti a cikin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya a halin yanzu yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, kamar batutuwan da suka shafi kwanciyar hankali na VIP da niyya ^[4].

Kammalawa

A cikin jiyya na cututtuka, abubuwan anti-mai kumburi na VIP na iya canza yanayin microenvironment na rigakafi, yana ba da dabarun shiga tsakani don yanayin kumburi kamar cututtukan hanji mai kumburi da cututtukan rheumatoid. Tsarinsa na motsi na ciki da ɓoyewa na iya inganta rashin lafiyar gastrointestinal dysmotility. A cikin cututtukan neurodegenerative, abubuwan da ke haifar da cutarwa da haɓakawa na iya taimakawa bincikar jiyya don cutar Parkinson da cutar Alzheimer. Bugu da ƙari kuma, aikinsa na vasodilator yana taimakawa wajen binciken cututtukan zuciya.

Game da Marubuci

Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.

Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya

Pierre-Yves von der Weid wani mai bincike ne a Makarantar Cumming ta Jami'ar Calgary da ke Kanada, wanda ya kware a fannin ilimin halittar jiki. Binciken nasa da farko yana bincika hanyoyin daidaita ayyukan jirgin ruwa na lymphatic, gami da haɓakar bugun jini mai yuwuwa, rawar da ake buƙata na abubuwan endothelial, da tasirin masu shiga tsakani na kumburi akan aikin famfo lymphatic. Yin amfani da magunguna, electrophysiological, da kuma hanyoyin nazarin halittu, yana gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a cikin waɗannan matakai don haɓaka fahimtar tsarin ilimin lissafi na tsarin lymphatic da kuma sauye-sauye a cikin jihohin cututtuka daban-daban. An jera Pierre-Yves von der Weid a cikin ambaton ambaton [2].

▎ Abubuwan da suka dace

[1] Williams JA. Masu karɓar VIP; 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261773265.

[2] von der Weid PY, Rehal S, Dyrda P, et al. Hanyoyi na hana VIP-jawowar famfo jirgin ruwa. Jaridar Physiology-London 2012; 590 (11): 2677-2691.DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.230599.

[3] Ramhorst R, Calo G, Paparini D, et al. Gudanar da amsawar kumburi yayin daukar ciki: yuwuwar rawar VIP a matsayin peptide mai tsari. Annals na Kwalejin Kimiyya na New York 2019; 1437(1): 15-21.DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13632.

[4] Onoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S. Tsarin-aikin dangantaka na vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): agonists masu ƙarfi da yuwuwar aikace-aikacen asibiti. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology 2008; 377(4-6): 579-590.DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0232-0.

[5] Gozes I, Fridkin M, Brenneman DE. A VIP matasan antagonist: daga ci gaban neurobiology zuwa asibiti aikace-aikace. Kwayoyin Halitta da Kwayoyin Halitta 1995; 15(6): 675-687.DOI: 10.1007/BF02071131.

DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.  

Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.