VIP 10mg we yu de du

▎ VIP Struktrɔ

▎ VIP Risach

Wetin na di risach bakgrɔn fɔ VIP?

Risach pan VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) bigin wit di diskכvri we i dכn insay liv כganism dεm. fכs dεn bin aylכt am as 28-amino asid pεptida frכm pig duodenum, stכdi dεm we dεn du afta dat sho se i de sכmtεm bכku bכku wan pas di gεstrointestinal trakt—we de go to di sεntri εn pεrifεral nεv sistεm εn εndokrin sεl dεm—we i de wok lεk nyurotransmitta εn כmon. as di risach de dip, i bi klia se VIP de ple imכtant rol dεm insay plεnti fysiolojikal prכsεs dεm, we inklud vasodilayshכn, anti-inflameshכn, sεl proliferashכn, כmon sekreshכn, gεstrointestinal mכtiliti rεguleshכn, εn smol mכsul rilaks.

Wetin na di mɛkanism dɛm fɔ akshɔn fɔ VIP?

di mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn pan di dijestiv sistεm

rεgulεshכn fכ di gεstrointestinal mכtiliti: VIP de rilaks di gεstrointestinal sכm mכsul bay we i de biεn to VPAC rεsεpכta dεm pan sכm mכsul sεl dεm. dis de aktibכt di intasεlulyar signal path dεm, we de mek di adenylate cyclase aktibכt. dis prכsεs de protεkt di kכnvכshכn fכ ATP to cAMP, we de εlevεt intasεlulyar cAMP lεvεl dεm. כlsay, dis de mek di smol mכsul dεm rilaks, we de rεgεl di frεkwεns εn amplitude fכ di gεstrointestinal pεristalsis εn dat de kכntro di propulshכn fכ it tru di gεstrointestinal trakt.

fכ mek di dijestiv Fluid sekreshכn: Insay di pankrias, VIP de mek di pankrias acinar sεl dεm fכ sekret wata εn baykabכnet, we de mek wan alkaline envayroment we fayn fכ di pankrias εnzym aktiviti. dis mεkanism involv fכ biεn di VPAC rεsεpכta dεm pan acinar sεl dεm, fכ aktibכt intasεlulyar sεkכn mεsenja sistεm dεm, εn fכ rεgεl ayכn chεnal εn transpכrta aktiviti fכ promuot wata εn baykabכnet sekreshכn. insay di bεlε εn sכmכl intestin, VIP de mek mכkus εn εlektrolayt sekreshכn bak, we de protεkt di gεstrointestinal mכkus εn mεnten di nכmal dijestiv fכnshכn ^[1]..

di mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn pan di kכdivaskyul sistεm

vasodilayshכn: VIP de akt pan vaskulεr εndoteyl sεl dεm εn smol mכsul sεl dεm. bay we i de biεn di rεsεpכta dεm, i de protεkt di rilis fכ vasodilatory fכktכ dεm lεk naytrik oksayd (NO) frכm di εndoteyl sεl dεm כ i de inhεbit di kכntrikshכn dεm dayrekt insay di smol mכsul sεl dεm. dis de mek di vasodilayshכn, i de ridyus di pεrifεral vaskulεr rεsistεns, εn i de rεgεl di bכdi prεshכn. כnda sכm fisiolכjik כ patכlayz kכndishכn dεm, inkrεs VIP rilis de apin we di bכdi nid εnhans lokal tisu bכdi saplai, we de mek vasodilayshכn na di kכrεspכndεnt εria εn inkrεs bכdi fכ fכlכ ^[2]..

di mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn pan di imyun sistεm

imyun mכduleshכn: VIP de sho baydayrekshכnal rεguleshכn fכ imyun rεspכns dεm. di tεm we di inflameshn de bigin, VIP de sכpres di prodyushכn εn rilis fכ di pro-inflammatory cytokines (εgz., tumor nεkrכsis fכktכ-α, intalyukin-1β), we de mitigate di inflammatory riakshכn dεm we pasmak εn protεkt di tisu dεm frכm inflammatory damej. fכ egzampl, insay wan hεpi simpul vayrus kεrataytis mכdel, εksojen VIP de ridyus nyutrofil εn CD4+ T sεl infiltεshכn, dכwnrεgul proinflammatory fכktכ dεm lεk myeloperoxidase (MPO) εn intalyukin-17 (IL-17), we de mek di kכnia inflameshn sכmtεm. di let fכs fכ di imyun rεspכns, VIP de promuot di sekreshכn fכ anti-inflammatory cytokines (lεk intalyukin-10 εn transfכm growth fכktכ-β), we de fεsilit di rεsכlushכn fכ inflameshn εn tisu ripa.

Figure 1 Efεkt we VIP gεt pan di pכmp fכ di limfatik vεsεl dεm frכm di gini pig mεsεntri ^[2]..

Wetin na di aplikeshɔn dɛn fɔ VIP?

Anti-inflammatory ifekt dεm: VIP de sho difrεn anti-inflammatory prכpati dεm. i de mek wan anti-inflammatory maykro envayroment bay we i de mכdulet di fכnshכnal profayl dεm fכ monosayt dεm, makrofag dεm, εn rεgεlεtכri T sεl dεm. di tεm we di bεlε de, di VIP we di trofoblast sεl dεm de sכntez de inhεbit nyutrofil εkstrasεlula trap fכmeshכn, i de aksεlεrayt nyutrofil apoptosis, εn i de fεsilit fכ efyushכn fagosaytik kliarεns, we de mek i de mεnten imyun homכstasis. VIP de ple rol fכ trit sik dεm we de kכmכt frכm inflameshn lεk inflammatory bowel disease εn rεumatoid arthritis bay we i de mכdulet di bכdi in inflammatory rεspכns εn i de lεv di simptom dεm ^[3]..

rεgulεshכn fכ di gεstrointestinal fכnshכn: VIP de ple imכtant rol fכ rεgεl di gεstrointestinal fysioloji, we involv vasodilayshכn, כmon sekreshכn, gεstrointestinal mכtiliti rεguleshכn, εn smol mכsul rilaks. fכ dat, fכ dizכrd dεm we involv di gεstrointestinal mכtiliti disfכnkshכn (εgz., fכnshכnal dispεpsia, kכnstipeshכn, dayariya), VIP kin impruv di simptom dεm bay we i de rεgεl di gεstrointestinal mכtiliti εn sekret fכnshכn dεm. apat frכm dat, insay sכm inflammatory gastrointestinal sik dεm, VIP in anti-inflammatory εn immune-modulating ifekt dεm de kכntribyut bak fכ mek di sik kam bak ^[4]..

Nyurolכjik dizכrd dεm: VIP de sheb כl tu di sεntri εn pεrifεral nεv sistεm dεm, we de wok lεk ki nyurotransmit כ nyuromodulεta fכ rεgεl difrεn fysiolojikal prכsεs dεm. pan nyurolכjik sik dεm lεk nyurodijεnεraytiv dizכrd (εgz., Alzaima sik, Pakinsin sik), risεch sho se abnכmaliti dεm na VIP εn in rεsεpכta dεm kכrεlat wit di sik we de go bifo. mכdulet VIP lεvεl כ rεsεpכta fכnshכn kin gi nכvel tεrapi avεnyu fכ dεn kכndishכn dεm ya. pan tap dat, di tεm we di nεv ripa prכsεs dεm lεk spεnal kכd injuri, VIP kin εksyεrt nyuroprotεktiv εn ripεraytiv ifekt dεm bay we i de protεkt nyuronal sכvayvεns, proliferashכn, εn difrεns ^[4,5]..

Di sik dεm we de fכm di kכdivaskyul: we dεn gi in vasodilatory prכpati dεm, VIP de infכlכw di kכdivaskyul sistεm fכ wok. Insay di tritmɛnt risach fɔ sɔm sik dɛn we de ambɔg di at ɛn di at sik, VIP kin du fayn fayn tritmɛnt bay we i de dilayt di blɔd vesel dɛn, ridyus di periferik vaskyuɛl rɛsistɛns, ɛn i kin mek di mayokardial blɔd saplai bɛtɛ. Bɔt in klinik aplikeshɔn fɔ trit di sik dɛn we de ambɔg di at ɛn vaskyuɛl naw de gɛt bɔku prɔblɛm dɛn, lɛk tin dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit VIP stebiliti ɛn fɔ tɔch ^[4]..

Dɔn

insay sik tritmεnt, VIP in anti-inflammatory prכpati dεm kin mכdulet di imyun maykro envayroment, we de gi intavεnshכn stratεji fכ inflammatory kכndishכn dεm lεk inflammatory bowel disease εn rεumatoid atraytis. i rεgulεshכn fכ di gεstrointestinal mכtiliti εn sekreshכn kin impruv di gεstrointestinal dismotiliti dizכrd dεm. Insay nyurodijɛnɛraytiv sik dɛm, in nyuroprotɛktiv ɛn ristɔrɔtiv ifɛkt dɛm kin ɛp fɔ fɛn tritmɛnt fɔ Pakinsin sik ɛn Alzaima sik. pan tap dat, in vasodilatory fכnshכn de kכntribyut fכ risεch pan di kכdivaskyul sik dεm.

Bɔt di pɔsin we rayt di buk

Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt ɔp, na ɔl di tin dɛn we Cocer Peptides dɔn du risach, ɛdit ɛn kɔmpilayt.

Sayɛns Jɔnal Author

Pierre-Yves von der Weid na wan risachman na di Yunivasiti ɔf Kalgari in Kaming Skul fɔ Mɛdisin na Kanada, we spɛshal pan di limfatik sistɛm fisiɔlɔji. in risach fכs fכ εksplכr di rεgεdyushכn mεkanism dεm fכ di limfatik vεsεl fכnshכn, inklud di peshכn pכtεnshal jεnereshכn, di rεgεdyushכn rol fכ εndoteyl fכktכ dεm, εn di impak we inflammatory mεdiate dεm de gi pan limfatik pכmp fכnshכn. we i de yuz fכmakכlכjik, ilektrofysiolojikal, εn bayokεmik apכch dεm, i de du dip invεstigeshכn pan dεn prכsεs dεm ya fכ εnhans כndastandin fכ di limfatik sistεm fysioloji εn in כltεrayshכn dεm akraos difrεn sik stet dεm. Pierre-Yves von der Weid de na di list insay di rεfrεns fכ saytεshכn [2].

▎ Saytayshɔn dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit dis

[1] Wiliamz J. A., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. VIP Risɛptɔ dɛn.; 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261773265. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul.

[2] v ɔ n d ɛ r W ɛ d P Y, R ɛ h al S, Dyrda P, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. mεkanism dεm fכ VIP-indyus inhibishכn fכ di limfatik vεsεl pכmp. J ɔ rnal ɔ f Fisiɔlɔji-Lɔndɔn 2012; 590 (11): 2677-2691.DOI: 10.1113/jfysiol.2012.230599.

[3] Ramhorst R, Calo G, Paparini D, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. di kכntrol fכ di inflammatory rεspכns we di bεlε de: pכtεnshal rol fכ VIP as rεgεdyushכn pεptida. Annals of di Nyu Yɔk Akademi fɔ Sayns 2019; 1437(1): 15-21.DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13632. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul.

[4] Onoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S. Struktכr-aktiviti rilayshכn fכ vasoaktiv intestinal pεptida (VIP): pכtεnt agonist dεm εn pכtεnshal klinik aplikεshכn dεm. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arkiv fɔ Famakɔlɔji 2008; 377(4-6): 579-590.DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0232-0.

[5] Gozes I, Fridkin M, Brenneman D. E., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. wan VIP haybrid antagonist: frכm divεlכpmεnt nyurobayoloji to klinik aplikεshכn dεm. Sεlyul εn Mכlikul Nyurobayoloji 1995; 15(6): 675-687.DOI: 10.1007/BF02071131. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul.

ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.  

Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.