VIP 10mg

▎ VIP Ọdịdị

▎ VIP Nchọpụta

Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke VIP?

Nnyocha na VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) malitere site na nchọpụta ya na ihe ndị dị ndụ. Na mbụ dịpụrụ adịpụ dị ka peptide 28-amino acid sitere na pig duodenum, nchọpụta ndị sochirinụ gosipụtara nkesa ya na-agbasa karịa akụkụ eriri afọ nke eriri afọ-na-agbatị na usoro nhụjuanya nke etiti na nke dị n'akụkụ na sel endocrine-ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ma neurotransmitter na hormone. Ka nyocha na-emiwanye emi, ọ bịara doo anya na VIP na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ usoro ahụike physiological, gụnyere vasodilation, mgbochi mkpali, mmụba cell, secretion hormone, eriri afọ motility ụkpụrụ, na ire ụtọ muscle ntụrụndụ.

Kedu usoro eji eme ihe maka VIP?

Usoro nke ime ihe na sistem digestive

Iwu nke Motility Gastrointestinal: VIP na-eme ka ahụ dị nro dị nro nke eriri afọ site na ijikọ ndị na-anabata VPAC na sel anụ ahụ dị nro. Nke a na-eme ka ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular rụọ ọrụ, na-eduga na ịgbalite adenylate cyclase. Usoro a na-akwalite ntụgharị nke ATP na cAMP, na-ebuli ọkwa caMP intracellular. N'ikpeazụ, nke a na-ebute ntụrụndụ dị nro, na-achịkwa ugboro ole na ụba nke peristalsis eriri afọ ma si otú ahụ na-achịkwa mkpali nri site na eriri afọ.

Na-akwalite secretion fluid digestive: Na pancreas, VIP na-akpali sel pancreatic acinar na-ezobe mmiri na bicarbonate, na-emepụta ebe alkaline na-eme ka ọrụ enzyme pancreatic. Usoro a gụnyere ijikọ ndị na-anabata VPAC na sel acinar, na-arụ ọrụ sistemu intracellular nke abụọ, yana ịhazi ọwa ion na ọrụ ụgbọ njem iji kwalite mmiri na nzuzo bicarbonate. N'ime afọ na obere eriri afọ, VIP na-akwalitekwa imi na electrolyte secretion, na-echebe mucosa eriri afọ na ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ mgbari nri nkịtị ^[1].

Usoro nke ime ihe na sistem obi obi

Vasodilation: VIP na-arụ ọrụ na sel endothelial vaskụla na sel anụ ahụ dị nro. Site na ijikọ na ndị na-anabata ya, ọ na-akwalite ntọhapụ nke ihe ndị dị na vasodilatory dị ka nitric oxide (NO) site na sel endothelial ma ọ bụ na-egbochi nkwụsịtụ na sel anụ ahụ dị nro. Nke a na-akpalite vasodilation, na-ebelata nguzogide vaskụla, na-achịkwa ọbara mgbali. N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ physiological ma ọ bụ pathological, mmụba VIP na-apụta mgbe ahụ chọrọ nkwalite ọbara anụ ahụ mpaghara, na-akpata vasodilation na mpaghara kwekọrọ na ịba ụba ọbara ^[2]..

Usoro nke Action on the Immune System

Modulation mgbochi ọrịa: VIP na-egosipụta ụkpụrụ nke nzaghachi mgbochi ọrịa. N'oge mbufụt n'oge, VIP na-egbochi mmepụta na ntọhapụ nke cytokines pro-inflammatory (dịka ọmụmaatụ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β), na-ebelata mmeghachi omume mkpali dị ukwuu na ichebe anụ ahụ site na mmebi mkpali. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụdị herpes simplex virus keratitis, VIP exogenous na-ebelata neutrophil na CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, na-ebelata ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka myeloperoxidase (MPO) na interleukin-17 (IL-17), si otú ahụ na-ebelata mbufụt nke corneal. N'ime oge ngwụcha nke nzaghachi mgbochi ahụ, VIP na-akwalite nzuzo nke cytokines mgbochi mkpali (dị ka interleukin-10 na-agbanwe ihe na-eto eto-β), na-eme ka mkpebi nke mbufụt na nrụzi anụ ahụ.

Ọgụgụ 1 Mmetụta VIP na-agbapụta arịa nke lymphatic site na pig mesentery ^[2].

Gịnị bụ ngwa nke VIP?

Mmetụta mgbochi mkpali: VIP na-egosipụta ihe mgbochi mkpali pụrụ iche. Ọ na-emepụta microenvironment mgbochi mkpali site n'ịgbanwe profaịlụ ọrụ nke monocytes, macrophages, na sel T na-achịkwa. N'oge ime ime, VIP synthesized site na mkpụrụ ndụ trophoblast na-egbochi nguzobe neutrophil extracellular ọnyà, na-eme ka neutrophil apoptosis dị ngwa, ma na-eme ka mkpochapụ phagocytic dị mma, si otú a na-ejigide homeostasis na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ. VIP na-ekere òkè n'ịgwọ ọrịa ndị metụtara mbufụt dị ka ọrịa bowel na-egbuke egbuke na ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo site n'ịgbanwe nzaghachi mkpali nke anụ ahụ na ibelata mgbaàmà ^[3].

Iwu nke ọrụ eriri afọ: VIP na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịhazi physiology nke eriri afọ, gụnyere vasodilation, secretion hormone, ụkpụrụ motility eriri afọ, na izu ike dị nro. Ya mere, maka nsogbu ndị metụtara arụrụ arụ ọrụ nke eriri afọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, dyspepsia na-arụ ọrụ, afọ ntachi, afọ ọsịsa), VIP nwere ike imeziwanye akara ngosi site na ịhazi motility eriri afọ na ọrụ nzuzo. Na mgbakwunye, na ụfọdụ ọrịa eriri afọ na-egbu egbu, ihe mgbochi mgbochi mkpali na mgbochi mgbochi nke VIP na-enyekwa aka na mgbake ọrịa ^[4].

Ọrịa Neurological: A na-ekesa VIP na sistemụ akwara na etiti yana akụkụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi neurotransmitter ma ọ bụ neuromodulator n'ịhazi usoro usoro ọmụmụ dị iche iche. N'ọrịa akwara ozi dị ka ọrịa neurodegenerative (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrịa Alzheimer, ọrịa Parkinson), nchọpụta na-egosi na ihe na-adịghị mma na VIP na ndị na-anabata ya na-ejikọta na ọganihu ọrịa. Ịgbanwe ọkwa VIP ma ọ bụ ọrụ nnata nwere ike ịnye ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ọnọdụ ndị a. Ọzọkwa, n'oge usoro nrụzi akwara dị ka mmerụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ azụ, VIP nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta neuroprotective na mmekwata site n'ịkwalite ndụ neuronal, mmụba, na ọdịiche ^[4,5].

Ọrịa obi na-arịa ọrịa obi: N'inye ya ihe ndị dị na vasodilatory, VIP na-emetụta ọrụ usoro obi obi. N'ime nyocha ọgwụgwọ nke ụfọdụ ọrịa obi obi dị ka ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa obi obi, VIP nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma site n'ịgbasa arịa ọbara, ibelata nguzogide vaskụla akụkụ, na imeziwanye ọbara myocardial. Agbanyeghị, ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ ya na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa obi na-eche ọtụtụ nsogbu ihu ugbu a, dị ka okwu metụtara nkwụsi ike VIP na ebumnuche ^[4].

Mmechi

Na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa, ihe ndị na-egbochi mkpali VIP nwere ike gbanwee microenvironment nke na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na-enye usoro ntinye aka maka ọnọdụ mkpali dị ka ọrịa bowel na-egbuke egbuke na ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo. Usoro ya nke motility eriri afọ na nzuzo nwere ike imezi nsogbu dysmotility eriri afọ. N'ọrịa neurodegenerative, mmetụta neuroprotective na mweghachi nwere ike inye aka nyocha ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa Parkinson na ọrịa Alzheimer. Ọzọkwa, ọrụ vasodilatory ya na-enye aka na nchọpụta ọrịa obi.

Banyere Onye dere ya

Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.

Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị

Pierre-Yves von der Weid bụ onye nyocha na Mahadum Calgary's Cumming School of Medicine na Canada, ọkachamara na physiology sistemu lymphatic. Nchọpụta ya na-enyocha usoro nhazi nke ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri lymphatic, gụnyere ndị na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ike, ọrụ nhazi nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka endothelial, na mmetụta nke ndị mgbasa ozi mkpali na-arụ ọrụ mgbapụta lymph. N'iji usoro ọgwụ, electrophysiological, na biochemical, ọ na-eme nyocha miri emi n'ime usoro ndị a iji kwalite nghọta nke usoro ọmụmụ usoro lymphatic na mgbanwe ya n'ofe ọrịa dị iche iche. A na-edepụta Pierre-Yves von der Weid na ntụaka nke ntụaka [2].

▎ Okwu ndị dị mkpa

[1] Williams JA. Ndị nnabata VIP; 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261773265.

[2] von der Weid PY, Rehal S, Dyrda P, et al. Usoro nke VIP-ebutere mgbochi nke mgbapụta arịa lymphatic. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Physiology-London 2012; 590 (11): 2677-2691.DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.230599.

[3] Ramhorst R, Calo G, Paparini D, et al. Njikwa mmeghachi omume mkpali n'oge ime ime: ikike nke VIP dị ka peptide na-achịkwa. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke New York Academy of Sciences 2019; 1437(1): 15-21.DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13632.

[4] Onoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S. Ọdịdị-mmekọrịta mmekọrịta nke vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): agonists nwere ike na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ nwere ike. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology 2008; 377(4-6): 579-590.DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0232-0.

[5] Gozes I, Fridkin M, Brenneman DE. Onye mmegide ngwakọ VIP: site na neurobiology mmepe ruo ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ. Cellular na Molecular Neurobiology 1995; 15(6): 675-687.DOI: 10.1007/BF02071131.

Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.  

Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.