Cocer Peptides ye 
ŋlɔe ɣleti 1 enye sia
NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.
Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.
1. Kpɔɖeŋu bliboa
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe tsitsi ƒe dɔlélewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si ƒe dzesi enye hadome kadodo kple kadodo ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ, kpakple nuwɔna kple nusiwo me wotsɔ ɖe le gbugbɔgagblɔ kple mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu. Oxytocin, si nye ahɔhɔ̃meka si wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le hadomenuwɔnawo dzi kpɔkpɔ me, do abe atike si woate ŋu azã atsɔ ada autism dɔdamɔnu ene. Nyati sia aku akpa si oxytocin wɔna kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ le autism dada me.
Nutata 1. Oxytocin kple serotonin ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ƒe dzesi veviwo ŋu.
2. Oxytocin ƒe Nu gbagbewo ƒe Gɔmeɖoanyi
2.1 Dɔwɔɖoɖo kple Nuwɔwɔ
Oxytocin (OXT) nye nonapeptide si le tsatsam si me cysteine amino acid eve wɔa disulfide kadodo si le molecule me. Hypothalamus ye wɔae eye wòdona ɖe ʋukawo me tso megbeƒu ƒe lãkusi me. Le titina lãmekawo me la, ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo wɔa oxytocin la ƒoa ƒu ɖe paraventricular nucleus kple supraoptic nucleus si le hypothalamus me koŋ. Ahɔhɔ̃meka siawo tsɔa axonwo yia megbeƒu ƒe lãkusi kple ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa bubuwo abe amygdala, hippocampus, kple prefrontal cortex ene, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa dɔ vovovowo le ŋutilã kple nuwɔna me.
2.2 Mɔnu si dzi woato awɔ dɔ
Oxytocin wɔa eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo to eƒe kadodo kple oxytocin xɔla tɔxɛwo (OXTR) me. OXTR le G protein-coupled receptor ƒomea me eye wòkaka ɖe titina lãmekawo kple gotagome lãkusiwo katã me. Le ahɔhɔ̃a me la, OXTR ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu aɖɔ ahɔhɔ̃mekawo abe dopamine kple serotonin ene ƒe dodo ɖo, si ana woakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dzodzo kple synaptic plasticity dzi. Le amygdala me la, oxytocin ate ŋu aɖɔ amygdala ƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ŋuɖoɖo ɖe hadomenuwɔnawo ŋu, si akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ame ɖekaɖeka ƒe seselelãme ŋuti nyatakakawo kple hadomenunya ƒe ŋutetewo ŋudɔwɔwɔ dzi.
3. Akpa Si Oxytocin Wɔna Le Autism Dɔdamɔnu Me
3.1 Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Hadomedɔwɔwɔ dzi
3.1.1 Hadomegbenɔnɔ ƒe kadodo si nyo wu
Numekuku geɖe ɖee fia be oxytocin ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ɖekaɖeka siwo ŋu autism le ŋu be hadomenuwɔnawo nanyo ɖe edzi. Le numekuku aɖe si me wodo oxytocin (0.8 IU/kg) ɖe sisiblisi tsitsiwo ƒe ŋɔti me gbesiagbe me la, lã siwo ŋu wowɔ atike na la zã ɣeyiɣi si sɔ gbɔ wu zi gbɔ zi eve tsɔ nɔ nu wɔm kple hadomehatiwo le kwasiɖa eve pɛ ko megbe. Le amegbetɔwo ŋuti numekukuwo me la, togbɔ be dɔdamɔnu dodokpɔ aɖewo me tsonu to vovo hã la, numekuku aɖewo ɖee fia be ekpɔ ŋusẽ nyui ɖe ame dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me.
3.1.2 Hadomegbenɔnɔ ƒe Sidzedze si nyo wu
Oxytocin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe alesi ame ɖekaɖeka siwo ŋu autism le dea dzesi hadome dzesiwo hesea wo gɔmee dzi. Le functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) numekukuwo me la, ŋutsu tsitsi siwo kpɔ gome le eme siwo ŋu autism le ɖe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dzidziɖedzi si ŋu kakaɖedzi le fia le posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTS) me ne wole dɔ wɔm le point-light biological motion ŋu be woatsɔ ade dzesi seselelãme ƒe nɔnɔmewo le intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ɖeka zazã megbe. Esia fia be oxytocin ate ŋu ana hadome dzesiwo ƒe nukpɔsusu kple dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi le ame ɖekaɖeka siwo ŋu autism le me.
3.2 Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Seselelãme ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Dzi
3.2.1 Amygdala ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ
Amygdala wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le seselelãme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple hadomenuwɔnawo me. Oxytocin zazã le no me zi geɖe (kwasiɖa 4, IU 24 gbesiagbe) na ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ atraɖii le amygdala si le akpa eveawo me, si nɔa anyi le atikewɔwɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ megbe gɔ̃ hã, si nɔa anyi kwasiɖa 4 kple ƒe 1 le atikewɔwɔ vɔ megbe. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, gomekpɔla siwo ƒe amygdala ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ wòdze ƒã wu la ɖe woƒe nuwɔna ƒe ŋgɔyiyi geɖe fia, vevietɔ le wo ɖokui si be yewole yewo ɖokui si be yewoaƒo asa na ye ɖokui kple hadomedɔwɔwɔ me. Esia fia be oxytocin ate ŋu ana seselelãme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple hadomenuwɔna nanyo ɖe edzi le ame ɖekaɖeka siwo ŋu autism le me to amygdala ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me.
3.2.2 Seselelãme ƒe dzesidede ŋutete si wodo ɖe ŋgɔ
Numekuku aɖewo ɖee fia be oxytocin ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ɖekaɖeka siwo ŋu autism le ŋu be woade dzesi seselelãmewo nyuie wu. Nuwɔna dodokpɔ siwo me dɔwo abe mo ƒe dzedzeme dzesidede le ene ɖee fia be oxytocin dodo na seselelãme ƒe dzesidede ƒe nyateƒetoto nyo ɖe edzi le gomekpɔlawo me.
3.3 Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Nuwɔna siwo gbugbɔna kple esiwo wowɔna le mɔ gbegblẽ nu dzi
Numekuku aɖewo ɖee fia be oxytocin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ nyui ɖe nuwɔna siwo gbugbɔna kple esiwo wobuna be wosusuna le ame ɖekaɖeka siwo ŋu autism le la dzi. Le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le mice tsitsiwo ŋu me la, le oxytocin zazã kwasiɖa ene megbe la, nuwɔna siwo wogbugbɔna wɔna dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ 30%, eye ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi sia nɔ anyi kwasiɖa ene le atikewɔwɔa nu tsotso megbe. Le amegbetɔwo ŋuti numekukuwo me la, oxytocin (24 IU ŋkeke eve ɖesiaɖe hena kwasiɖa ade) zazã le ɖevi siwo ŋu autism le me na ŋgɔyiyi ɖedzesi aɖe le akɔntabubu nu le Repetitive Behavior Scale – Revised (RBS) ƒe xexlẽdzesiwo me, si fia be nuwɔna siwo gbugbɔna kple esiwo wobuna be wosusuna la dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ.
4. Oxytocin Zazã le Autism Dɔdamɔnu Me
Dɔdaƒe Ŋuti Numekuku ƒe Ŋgɔyiyi
Nusɔsrɔ̃ Siwo Wowɔ Ðe Agbɔsɔsɔ Ðeka Ŋu
Dodokpɔ geɖe siwo wowɔ le vome (RCT) ku nu me tso oxytocin si wozãna zi ɖeka ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ŋu. Numekuku gbogbo siwo ku ɖe ame siwo ƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le sesẽm kple esiwo ŋu autism le siaa ŋu ɖee fia be oxytocin zazã zi ɖeka naa viɖe geɖe ŋutɔ ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee. Le numekuku aɖewo me la, oxytocin si wodona ɖe no me zi ɖeka na dɔwɔwɔ nyo ɖe edzi le hadomedɔ tɔxɛwo me le autistic dɔnɔwo dome, abe ŋkuléle ɖe ame ŋu ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple ŋkuléle ɖe hadomenuwɔnawo ŋu geɖe wu ene.
Ɣeyiɣi Didi ƒe Numekuku Siwo Wowɔna le Agbɔsɔsɔ Geɖewo Ŋu
Numekuku siwo wowɔ tso oxytocin zazã ɣeyiɣi didi le agbɔsɔsɔ geɖe me ƒe emetsonuwo mewɔ ɖeka kura o. Numekuku aɖewo ɖee fia be ekpɔa ŋusẽ nyui ɖe ame dzi. Le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ɖevi siwo ŋu autism le ŋu me la, kwasiɖa ene ƒe oxytocin dodo atraɖii (12 IU zi eve gbesiagbe) do ŋusẽ oxytocin ƒe ɖoɖo si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me, abe alesi oxytocin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le aɖuɖɔ me dzi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ le gaƒoƒo 24 le atike mamlɛtɔ dodo ɖe no me megbe ene. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, wokpɔ oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) ƒe DNA methylation dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, si fia be receptor ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi ɖe edzi, eye edo ƒome kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe seselelãme siwo nyo ɖe edzi. Le kwasiɖa 24 ƒe Akpa 2 dodokpɔ si me wozã atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee le me la, wodo dukɔwo dome oxytocin si wodona ɖe no me ƒe akpa 48 ɖeviwo kple ƒewuivi siwo ŋu autism le siwo xɔ ƒe 3–17 gbesiagbe. Nusiwo do tso eme meɖe vovototo gã aɖeke fia le oxytocin ƒuƒoƒoa kple placebo ƒuƒoƒoa dome le emetsonu gbãtɔ ƒe dzidzenu, si nye Abnormal Behavior Checklist Modified Social Withdrawal Subscale (ABC-mSW) ƒe xexlẽdzesi me o.
5. Nyanuwuwuw
Lãmetsiŋusẽ si nye oxytocin ɖe akpa aɖe fia le autism dada me, si ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ nyui ɖe hadomedɔwɔwɔ, seselelãme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple nuwɔna siwo wobuna be wogbugbɔ gblɔna le ame ɖekaɖeka siwo ŋu autism le me.
Dzɔtsoƒewo
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Adzɔnu si li na numekuku zazã ɖeɖeko:
