Na Cocer Peptides 
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INGINGO ZOSE N'AMAKURU Y’IBICURUZWA BITANZWE KURI URU RUBUGA BISANZWE KUBONA AMAKURU N'INTEGO Z'UBUREZI.
Ibicuruzwa byatanzwe kururu rubuga bigenewe gusa mubushakashatsi bwa vitro. Mu bushakashatsi bwa vitro (Ikilatini: * mu kirahure *, bisobanura mu bikoresho by'ibirahure) bikorwa hanze y'umubiri w'umuntu. Ibicuruzwa ntabwo ari imiti, ntabwo byemejwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA), kandi ntigomba gukoreshwa mu gukumira, kuvura, cyangwa gukiza indwara iyo ari yo yose y’ubuvuzi, indwara, cyangwa indwara. Birabujijwe rwose n'amategeko kwinjiza ibyo bicuruzwa mumubiri wabantu cyangwa inyamaswa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
1. Incamake
Indwara ya Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) nitsinda ryindwara ziterwa na neurodevelopmental zirangwa nigihombo mubitumanaho no mumikoranire, hamwe nimyitwarire ninyungu zisubiramo kandi zibuza. Oxytocin, neuropeptide igira uruhare runini mu kugenga imyitwarire mbonezamubano, yagaragaye nk'umuti ushobora kuba umukandida wo kuvura autism. Iyi ngingo izasesengura uruhare nogukoresha oxytocine mukuvura autism.
Igicapo 1. Kugenga oxytocine na serotonine ku bimenyetso nyamukuru bya autism.
2. Ishingiro ryibinyabuzima bya Oxytocine
2.1 Imiterere na Synthesis
Oxytocine (OXT) ni cyclica nonapeptide aho acide ebyiri za sisitemu amine acide igizwe na disulfide idasanzwe. Ikorwa na hypothalamus ikinjira mu maraso kuva glande ya pitoito. Muri sisitemu yo hagati yo hagati, neuron itanga oxytocine yibanda cyane cyane muri nucleus paraventricular nucleus na supraoptic nucleus ya hypothalamus. Izi neuron zishushanya axon kuri glande yinyuma ya pitoito ndetse no mubindi bice byubwonko, nka amygdala, hippocampus, na cortex ibanza, bityo bikagenga imikorere itandukanye ya physiologique nimyitwarire.
2.2 Uburyo bwibikorwa
Oxytocine ikora ingaruka zayo muguhuza reseptor ya oxytocine (OXTR). OXTR ni iy'umuryango wa poroteyine G ihujwe na reseptor kandi ikwirakwizwa cyane muri sisitemu yo hagati yo hagati hamwe nuduce twose. Mu bwonko, imikorere ya OXTR irashobora kugenga irekurwa rya neurotransmitter nka dopamine na serotonine, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bwonko bwa neuronal na plastike ya synaptic. Muri amygdala, oxytocine irashobora kugenga igisubizo cya neuron ya amygdala kubitekerezo byimibereho, bikagira ingaruka kumikorere yumuntu kumakuru yamarangamutima hamwe nubushobozi bwimibereho.
3. Uruhare rwa Oxytocine mu kuvura Autism
3.1 Ingaruka ku mibereho
3.1.1
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko oxytocine ishobora gufasha kunoza imikoranire yabantu bafite autism. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe aho imbeba zikuze zahawe oxytocine (0.8 IU / kg) buri munsi, inyamaswa zavuwe zimara umwanya wikubye kabiri imikoranire nabafatanyabikorwa nyuma yibyumweru bibiri gusa. Mu bushakashatsi bwabantu, mugihe ibisubizo bimwe byubuvuzi bivura, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ingaruka nziza. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bwakoresheje oxytocine (24 IU buri minsi ibiri mugihe cyibyumweru bitandatu) kubana barwaye autism basanze iterambere ryibarurishamibare ryamanota kumanota kurwego rwimibereho (SRS), byerekana imikorere myiza yimibereho.
3.1.2 Kumenyekanisha imibereho myiza
Oxytocine irashobora guhindura uburyo abantu bafite autism bamenya kandi bakumva ibimenyetso byimibereho. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na magnetiki resonance yerekana amashusho (fMRI), abagabo bakuze bitabiriye autism berekanye ubwiyongere bwizewe bwibikorwa byubwonko mumyanya ndangagitsina isumba iyindi (pSTS) mugihe batunganyaga icyerekezo-cyerekezo cyibinyabuzima kugirango bamenye uko amarangamutima akurikira ikinini kimwe cya oxytocine yo mu nda (IN-OT). Ibi byerekana ko oxytocine ishobora kongera imyumvire no gutunganya ibimenyetso byimibereho kubantu bafite autism.
3.2 Ingaruka zo Gutunganya Amarangamutima
3.2.1 Amabwiriza yibikorwa bya Amygdala
Amygdala igira uruhare runini mugutunganya amarangamutima nimyitwarire myiza. Ingano nyinshi zo kuvura oxytocine yo mu nda (ibyumweru 4, 24 IU buri munsi) byatumye igabanuka ryibikorwa byubwonko muri amygdala byombi, byakomeje na nyuma yigihe cyo kuvura nyirizina, bimara ibyumweru 4 numwaka 1 nyuma yo kuvurwa. Byongeye kandi, abitabiriye amahugurwa bagabanutse cyane mubikorwa bya amygdala bagaragaje iterambere ryinshi ryimyitwarire, cyane cyane mubyiyumvamo kwirinda kwizirika hamwe nibikorwa byimibereho. Ibi byerekana ko oxytocine ishobora guteza imbere gutunganya amarangamutima nimyitwarire mbonezamubano kubantu bafite autism muguhuza ibikorwa bya amygdala.
3.2.2
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko oxytocine ishobora gufasha abantu bafite autism kumenya neza amarangamutima. Ubushakashatsi bwimyitwarire ikubiyemo imirimo nko kumenyekanisha isura yo mu maso byagaragaye ko ubuyobozi bwa oxytocine bwateje imbere kumenya neza amarangamutima abitabiriye amahugurwa.
3.3 Ingaruka ku myitwarire isubirwamo kandi itemewe
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko oxytocine ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza kumyitwarire isubirwamo kandi itagaragara kubantu bafite autism. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mbeba zikuze, nyuma yibyumweru bine bivura oxytocine, imyitwarire yisubiramo yagabanutseho 30%, kandi ingaruka zarakomeje ibyumweru bine nyuma yo guhagarika imiti. Mu bushakashatsi bw’abantu, ikoreshwa rya oxytocine (24 IU buri minsi ibiri mu byumweru bitandatu) ku bana barwaye autism byatumye habaho iterambere ry’imibare mu manota yo Gusubiramo Imyitwarire - Yavuguruwe (RBS), byerekana ko hagabanywa imyitwarire isubirwamo kandi itemewe.
4. Gukoresha Oxytocine mu kuvura Autism
Iterambere ryubushakashatsi
Inyigo imwe
Ibigeragezo byinshi byateganijwe (RCTs) byakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za oxytocine imwe. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekeye abantu ba neurotypical na autistic bwerekanye ko ubuyobozi bwa oxytocine imwe itanga umusaruro ushimishije ugereranije na placebo. Mu bushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe, oxytocine yuzuye inshuro imwe yazamuye imikorere mu mibereho yihariye y’abarwayi ba autistic, nko kongera amaso no kurushaho kwita ku mibereho.
Multi-dose Inyigisho ndende
Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi ku gihe kirekire cyo gukoresha oxytocine ku ncuro nyinshi ntaho bihuriye. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ingaruka nziza. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bana barwaye autism, ibyumweru bine by’ubuyobozi bwa oxytocine idakira (12 IU kabiri ku munsi) byashishikarije sisitemu ya oxytocine ya endogenous, nk'uko bigaragazwa n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’urwego rwa oxytocine y’amacandwe nyuma y’amasaha 24 nyuma y’ubuyobozi bwa nyuma bwo gutera imiti. Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka kwa methylation ya ADN ya gene ya oxytocine (OXTR) byagaragaye, byerekana ko reseptor yiyongera, kandi bikaba bifitanye isano no kurushaho kumva umutekano. Mu byumweru 24 bigenzurwa na platbo igenzurwa nicyiciro cya 2, abana ningimbi bafite autism bafite hagati yimyaka 3 na 17 bahawe ibice 48 mpuzamahanga bya oxytocine yo mu nda buri munsi. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko nta tandukaniro rinini riri hagati yitsinda rya oxytocine nitsinda rya placebo mugipimo cyambere cyibisubizo, urutonde rwimyitwarire idasanzwe yahinduwe Urutonde rwimibereho ya Subscale (ABC-mSW).
5. Umwanzuro
Umusemburo oxytocine wagaragaje uruhare runini mu kuvura autism, ushobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku mibereho, gutunganya amarangamutima, ndetse n’imyitwarire idahwitse ku bantu bafite autism.
Inkomoko
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Ibicuruzwa biboneka mubushakashatsi bukoreshwa gusa:
